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(共25张PPT)
Unit 4 SPACE EXPLORATION
Discovering useful structure
Infinitive
Lead-in
I have a lot of homework to finish.
to do 表示“将要做”的意思；
Lead-in
Your vacation is coming to an end,…
In order to finish my homework, I stayed up all night…
only to find my homework left at school...
to do 表示“为了、结果”的意思；
不定式的功能和意义
1.I trained for a long time to fly airplanes as a fighter pilot.
2.As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
3.First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
4.Some scientists were determined to help humans realize their dream to explore space.
5.On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space.
What are the functions of the underlined part
P42
状语
状语
状语
定语
定语
不定式的基本形式
主动语态 被动语态
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing
完成式 to have done to have been done
否定式 not + to+ 动词原形
表示该动作正在进行, 与谓语动作同时发生
表示该动作发生在谓语动作之前
It’s unfair ____________________(不告诉我们).
They seem _____________________________(他们好像知道了答案).
They seem ___________________. (好像在努力学习)
He decides to go to the hospital ____________________(exam).
not to tell us
to have known the answer
to be examined
to be studying hard
不定式的基本用法
1. I have no desire to play.
2. The Smiths were the first (one) to arrive.
3. There was nothing to be done.
4. I have a lot to say.
5. I have no idea where to go.
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中中作___________ 1. 可修饰：
2. 多置于被修饰词___________
3. 多表示_____________的动作。
定语
名词或者代词
之后作后置定语
未来的
不定式的基本用法
1. Let us give the poor girl some food to eat.
2. We have much homework to do tonight.
总结
1. 不定式作定语常放在名词后作后置定语，表示尚未发生的动作。
定语
不定式的基本用法
1. Please make an effort to catch the bus.
2. He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow.
3. I have no desire to write.
4. thanks to your encouragement, I finally got the courage to face the challenge.
5. His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage.
总结
2. 抽象名词 ability, aim, attempt, right, chance, opportunity, way, courage, decision, hope, wish, dream，desire等后常用不定式作定语。
定语
高考链接
语法填空
This can be useful for business such as restaurants and stores because it offers a new way _____________ (attract) customers.
to attract
不定式的基本用法
1. The next train to arrive was from New York.
2. You are the only person to be late for such an important meeting.
3. It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job.
4. He is always the first to come and the last to leave.
总结
3. 序数词、形容词最高级和the last/the only/the next等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。
定语
语法填空
(全国Ⅰ卷语法填空改编)China has become the first country________ (land) a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.
to land
高考链接
不定式的基本用法
1. I have nothing to fear but fear itself.
2. Do you have anything to say
3. Give me a pen to write with.
4. There is nothing to worry about.
5. Here is a piece of paper for you to write on.
总结
4. somthing, nothing, anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式。
5. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
定语
不定式的基本用法
总结
5. 作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。
1) I need a pen to write.
2) My sister has two children to take care of.
3) The teacher gave his students a novel to read it.
take care of the two children
read a novel
write with a pen

with
一起来找茬
不定式的基本用法
1. We need someone to help with the work.
2. The competition to be held next year will surely attract many international tourists.
3. Tom has a large family to support.
总结
1. 不定式的动词与被修饰词存在主谓关系，用不定式的主动式；
2. 如果和前面的名词存在动宾关系，则用不定式的被动式。
3. 如果句子主语发出不定时的动作，即使不定式和前面的名词存在动宾关系，也多用不定式的主动式。
主动 or 被动
1. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ___________. (天津高考)
A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught
2. The airport ________________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in thsi area.
C
to be completed
高考链接
不定式的特殊用法
I have a lot of homework to be done.
I have a lot of homework to do.
have/want/get/need sth.
to do “句子主语”做
to be done 别人做
* I have a lot of clothes _______________(wash).
I have a lot of clothes ____________________(wash).
to wash
to be washed
不定式的基本用法
1. Scientists work hard to find out the secrets of the universe.
2.As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space.
3.You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree.
4. We were surprised to find that he became our monitor.
5. I'm afraid the whole process is too complicated to explain in a few words.
6. He hurried to the agency only to find the manager had left.
句子成分 用法
不定式在句中作______________ 1. 可表示：________________
目的
状语
原因
结果
不定式的基本用法
1. Don’t avoid the problem. To succeed, you have to solve your difficulties.
2. He ran fast all the way so as to catch the first bus.
3. In order to pass the exam, he worked hard till midnight.
总结
1. 动词不定式作目的状语，可位于句首或者句末， 常用结构有in order to 和 so as to, 但so as to 不可位于句首。
状语
不定式的基本用法
1. I am so excited to be here!
2. I am more than delighted to be with you!
3. She is proud to have won the first place.
4. He is glad to be invited to the meeting.
总结
2. 动词不定式作原因状语，常用于“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do”结构中，此类形容词多是anxious, glad, excited, disappointed, lucky, proud, sorry, shocked, worried等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。
状语
不定式的基本用法
1. We found him easy to get along with.
2. The house is very comfortable to live in.
总结
3. be + comfortable/difficult/easy/good/hard/soft + to do
表示人/物的特征和属性，to do不用被动
状语
I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good .
A. to be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D. being breathed
不定式的基本用法
1. Yesterday, I went to see her only to learn that she had gone abroad a week before.
2. The traveler looked up suddenly to find a leopard in the tree.
3. He left his hometown when she was ten, never to return.
总结
4.动词不定式作结果状语，常常含有“令人意想不到” 的意思，其中“使人不愉快的结果”较为常见。动词不定式之前有时可以加上only 或 but only, 以加强语气。
so/such…as to do sth. 如此……以至于做某事
adj+ enough to do sth. 足够……能做某事
too…to do sth. 太……而不能做某事
状语
1. He bought a book and was surprised _________ (find) a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same garden as his father’s painting.
2. Mary’s sister , Frances Todd Wallance, often came over __________ (plant) flowers in the front yard. （2021 浙江语法填空改编）
3. George returned after the war, only __________ (tell) that his wife had left him.
to plant
高考链接
to find
to be told
语篇演练
Sending people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not an easy goal _________ (achieve). One of the problems is that the trip would take a very long time. For example, __________(use) current technology, it would take over two years ________(get) to the closest planets, Mars, and back. Although light is the fastest thing __________ (know) in the universe, it could take more than four years to reach the nearest star system.Will scientists figure out a way ________ (store) sufficient food and water for the long journey Is it possible to travel aste than light No one knows the answers yet. However, space scientists never give up. Theyas experimenting with growing crops in space so as _________ (help) astronauts get enough food on longer journeys through space.
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
to achieve
using
to get
known
to stote
to help
P42
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