中考英语词法:介词+名词固定搭配(分类速记+真题精练)

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中考英语词法:介词+名词固定搭配(分类速记+真题精练)

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中考英语词法:介词+名词固定搭配(分类速记+真题精练)
核心定位:
聚焦中考高频考点,分类梳理介词固定搭配,搭配基础习题、强化训练及详细解析,助力初中英语语法复习与应试能力提升。所有搭配及例句均严格遵循中考课标要求,无生僻词汇与超纲知识,贴合中考命题规律。
一、介词in 固定搭配(位置、时间、状态·中考高频)
核心搭配清单(必背)
in the room 在房间里(方位类基础搭配,中考常出现在完形填空场景描述中)
in the morning 在早上(时间类搭配,注意:泛指上午/下午/晚上用in,具体某天的上/下午用on)
in charge of 负责(状态类高频搭配,主语通常为人,表“掌管、负责”)
in front of 在……前面(方位类核心,指“物体外部的前面”,区别于in the front of“物体内部的前面”,中考易考辨析)
in addition to 除……之外(还)(补充类搭配,后接名词/代词/动名词,中考阅读理解、书面表达常用)
in trouble 处于困境中(状态类搭配,中考完形、情景交际高频)
in English 用英语(方式类搭配,书面表达、句型转换必背)
基础习题精练
1.She is ___ charge of this project.(答案:in)
解析:固定搭配in charge of,表“负责”,无其他介词替换,中考常考主语为人的用法,对应同义短语take charge of(动词短语)。
2.We need more chairs ___ addition to these.(答案:in)
解析:in addition to为固定短语,表“除……之外(还)”,后接名词短语,区别于except(排除在外),中考完形常考词义辨析。
3.The bike is parked ___ front of the building.(答案:in)
解析:in front of 固定表“在某物外部的前面”,若表达“在教室内部的前面(如讲台位置)”需用in the front of,此辨析为中考高频考点。
4.He often helps people who are ___ trouble.(答案:in)
解析:in trouble为固定搭配,表“处于困境中”,情景交际中常用“I’m in trouble.”表达“我遇到麻烦了”。
二、介词on 固定搭配(位置、时间、主题·中考核心)
核心搭配清单(必背)
on the table 在桌子上(方位类,表“在平面之上且有接触”,中考基础考点)
on Monday 在周一(时间类,具体星期几、具体日期前均用on,中考时间介词辨析高频)
on purpose 故意地(副词性搭配,修饰动词,中考完形、阅读理解情感判断常用)
on the left 在左边(方位类,on the left/right为固定结构,后接of短语表范围)
on the wall 在墙上(方位类,区别于in the wall“嵌在墙里”,如钉子用in,地图用on,中考易考)
on duty 值日(状态类,校园场景高频,中考情景交际常考)
on time 准时(时间类,区别于in time“及时”,中考完形、阅读理解高频辨析)
基础习题精练
1.He put the cup ___ the table carefully.(答案:on)
解析:on表“在平面之上且有接触”,桌子是平面,用on不用in;若为“在盒子里”则用in,中考常考介词与容器/平面的搭配。
2.She did it ___ purpose to make him angry.(答案:on)
解析:on purpose 固定短语,表“故意地”,同义短语为by design,中考阅读理解中常用来判断人物行为动机。
3.My seat is ___ the left of the classroom.(答案:on)
解析:on the left/right 为固定方位搭配,后可接of+名词表范围,如on the right of the street,是中考句型转换、书面表达基础搭配。
4.We must get to school ___ time every day.(答案:on)
解析:on time 表“准时”,强调按规定时间到达;in time 表“及时”,强调赶在截止前,如arrive in time for the meeting,此辨析为中考重点。
三、介词with 固定搭配(伴随、特征、工具·中考高频)
核心搭配清单(必背)
with the help of 在……的帮助下(伴随类,中考书面表达开头/过渡常用,后接人或物)
with pleasure 乐意地(应答类,用于回应别人的请求,中考情景交际必背)
good with 善于处理(特征类,后接人或事物,如good with kids/animals)
angry with 对……生气(情感类,后接人,若接事物用angry about,中考情感搭配辨析)
patient with 对……有耐心(情感类,中考书面表达描述人物性格常用)
play with 和……一起玩(伴随类,校园、家庭场景高频,基础考点)
with a smile 带着微笑(伴随类,书面表达细节描写常用)
基础习题精练
1.___ the help of my teacher, I passed the exam.(答案:With)
解析:with the help of 固定表“在……帮助下”,句首首字母大写,同义表达为with one’s help,如with my teacher’s help,中考书面表达常考替换。
2.My mom is very patient ___ my little sister.(答案:with)
解析:patient后接介词with,表“对某人有耐心”,固定搭配;若表达“对某事有耐心”用patient about sth.,如patient about waiting。
3.He is good ___ kids, so he can be a teacher.(答案:with)
解析:good with 表“善于应对/处理(人或事)”,后接人用with;good at 表“擅长(技能、学科)”,后接动名词,此辨析为中考高频。
4.—Could you help me carry the box —___.(答案:With pleasure)
解析:with pleasure 用于礼貌回应别人的请求,区别于my pleasure(用于回应感谢),中考情景交际易混淆考点。
四、介词for 固定搭配(目的、对象、原因·中考核心)
核心搭配清单(必背)
good for 对……有益(目的/影响类,中考完形、阅读理解健康类话题高频)
bad for 对……有害(反义短语,对应good for,基础考点)
looking for 寻找(动作类,现在进行时常用,中考时态与搭配结合考点)
thank you for 因……感谢(情感类,后接动名词,中考情景交际必背)
ready for 为……准备好(状态类,后接名词/代词,中考书面表达备考场景常用)
leave for 动身去……(目的类,后接地点,如leave for Beijing,中考时态搭配考点)
pay for 为……付款(动作类,购物场景高频,中考完形常用)
基础习题精练
1.Eating vegetables is good ___ your health.(答案:for)
解析:good for 固定表“对……有益”,对应反义词组bad for,中考健康类阅读理解常考,如“Junk food is bad for our health.”。
2.Thank you ___ helping me with my homework.(答案:for)
解析:thank sb. for doing sth.,for后接感谢的原因(动名词/名词),中考情景交际常考句式,同义表达为thanks for sth./doing sth.。
3.We are ready ___ the coming exam.(答案:for)
解析:ready for 表“为……做好准备”,后接名词或名词短语;也可用于be ready to do sth.(准备好做某事),中考句型转换常考两种结构。
4.He will leave ___ Shanghai tomorrow morning.(答案:for)
解析:leave for 固定表“动身去某地”,区别于leave+地点(离开某地),如leave Beijing(离开北京),中考时态与介词搭配结合考点。
五、介词to 固定搭配(方向、对象、关系·中考高频)
核心搭配清单(必背)
listen to 听(动作类,不及物动词+介词,中考听力、句型转换必背)
reply to 回复(动作类,后接人或信件,中考书面表达、完形高频)
the answer to ……的答案(关系类,后接问题、习题,中考单选、完形常考)
talk to 对……说话(动作类,强调单向交流,区别于talk with“双向交谈”)
write to 给……写信(动作类,书面表达书信类话题常用)
be used to 习惯于(状态类,后接动名词,中考时态辨析考点)
look forward to 期待(情感类,后接动名词,中考书面表达结尾常用)
基础习题精练
1.Please listen ___ me carefully in class.(答案:to)
解析:listen是不及物动词,后接宾语必须加介词to,固定搭配,中考听力题型开头常出现“Listen to the tape carefully.”。
2.What’s the answer ___ this math problem (答案:to)
解析:answer后接介词to,表“……的答案”,同类还有the key to the door(门的钥匙)、the solution to the problem(问题的解决方案),中考单选高频考点。
3.She will reply ___ your email tomorrow.(答案:to)
解析:reply表“回复”时,后接介词to+对象,不能直接接宾语;若直接接宾语需用answer,如answer your email,中考完形常考同义替换。
4.We are looking forward ___ seeing you again.(答案:to)
解析:look forward to 中to为介词,后接动名词,不是不定式,中考易错题,书面表达结尾常用“I’m looking forward to your reply.”。
六、介词of 固定搭配(所属、特征、内容·中考基础)
核心搭配清单(必背)
a piece of 一片/块/张(数量类,修饰不可数名词,中考数量表达高频)
a lot of 许多(数量类,可修饰可数/不可数名词,口语、书面语通用)
a pair of 一双/一对(数量类,修饰成对物品,如shoes、glasses,中考基础考点)
full of 充满(特征类,后接名词,书面表达细节描写常用)
a glass of 一杯(数量类,修饰液体,如water、milk,基础考点)
kind of 有点(程度类,修饰形容词,如kind of tired,中考口语类考点)
because of 因为(原因类,后接名词/短语,区别于because接句子,中考完形辨析)
基础习题精练
1.I need ___ piece of paper to take notes.(答案:a)
解析:a piece of 固定修饰不可数名词(paper“纸”为不可数名词),表“一张/一片”;若修饰可数名词复数需用pieces,如two pieces of paper,中考数量表达易错题。
2.The box is full ___ books and toys.(答案:of)
解析:full of 固定短语,表“充满……”,后接名词或代词,同义表达为be filled with,中考句型转换常考替换,如“The box is filled with books.”。
3.She bought ___ pair of new shoes yesterday.(答案:a)
解析:a pair of 修饰成对物品(shoes/socks/glasses),是高频量词搭配;若表复数需用pairs,如three pairs of shoes,中考单选基础考点。
4.He didn’t go to school ___ the heavy rain.(答案:because of)
解析:because of 后接名词短语(the heavy rain),若接句子需用because,如“He didn’t go to school because it rained heavily.”,中考完形原因类辨析高频。
七、介词by 固定搭配(方式、位置、时间·中考核心)
核心搭配清单(必背)
by the way 顺便问一下(插入语类,中考情景交际、阅读理解过渡常用)
by accident 意外地(方式类,同义短语by chance,中考完形情感类考点)
by the window 在窗户旁(位置类,表“在……附近”,基础方位搭配)
by bus 乘坐公交车(方式类,表交通方式,后接交通工具不加冠词)
by hand 手工(方式类,中考阅读理解文化类话题常用)
by doing sth. 通过做某事(方式类,书面表达表方法常用,中考高分句式)
by oneself 独自(方式类,如by myself“独自”,中考情景交际常用)
基础习题精练
1.___ the way, do you know where the bank is (答案:By)
解析:by the way 固定插入语,表“顺便一提”,句首首字母大写,常用于对话中转移话题,中考情景交际高频。
2.I met my old friend ___ accident on the street.(答案:by)
解析:by accident 固定表“意外地”,同义短语by chance,中考完形中常用来描述偶然发生的事件,区别于on purpose(故意地)。
3.There is a desk ___ the window in my room.(答案:by)
解析:by表“在……旁边”,by the window 表“在窗户旁”,位置搭配;同义表达为beside the window,中考句型转换常考替换。
4.We can improve our English ___ reading every day.(答案:by)
解析:by doing sth. 固定表“通过某种方式做某事”,中考书面表达表“提升方法”常用,如“Improve your listening by listening to English songs.”。
八、复习小贴士(中考应试导向)
1. 介词固定搭配是中考英语语法的基础考点,贯穿单选、完形、阅读理解、书面表达四大题型,需逐个分类背诵,重点记忆“介词+名词”“动词+介词”的固定结构,避免混淆介词。
2. 注意易混淆搭配的辨析(如in front of/in the front of、on time/in time、because/because of),这些是中考完形、单选的高频易错点,可通过对比例句强化记忆。
3. 书面表达中合理运用介词搭配(如with the help of、look forward to、by doing sth.),能提升句式丰富度,助力获得高分;情景交际类搭配(with pleasure、thank you for)需熟练掌握,确保应答准确。
4. 刷题时重点关注错题,分析错误原因(是搭配记忆不牢还是介词辨析不清),针对性强化练习,结合中考真题适配的习题,提升应试能力。
九、中考强化训练题(梯度适配:基础+中档+易错)
一、单项选择
( )1.My brother is good ___ playing basketball, and he is also good ___ kids.
A. at; with B. with; at C. at; at D. with; with
( )2.—Could you help me clean the room —___.
A. My pleasure B. With pleasure C. Thank you D. You’re welcome
( )3.The key ___ the door is lost. Can you help me find it
A. to B. of C. for D. with
( )4.She arrived ___ the station on time, just in time to catch the train.
A.in B. on C. at D. for
( )5.He didn’t finish his homework ___ purpose, so his teacher was angry ___ him.
A. in; with B. on; with C. on; about D. in; about
二、完形填空
Last Sunday, I went to the library ___ my best friend, Tom. We arrived there ___ 9 o’clock in the morning. First, we looked ___ books about history, because we both like history very much. When I couldn’t find the answer ___ a question, Tom helped me. ___ the help of Tom, I finally understood it. We stayed there until afternoon. On our way home, we talked ___ our favorite books happily. I felt very happy that day.
A. with B. for C. to D. by
A. in B. at C. on D. for
A. at B. for C. after D. up
A. to B. of C. with D. for
A. Under B. With C. In D. By
A. to B. with C. about D. of
三、句型转换
1.She is good at playing the piano.(改为同义句)
She ___ ___ ___ playing the piano.
2.Thank you for helping me.(改为同义句)
Thanks ___ ___ me.
3.We can improve our writing skills by reading more.(对划线部分提问)
___ ___ we improve our writing skills
4.The box is full of apples.(改为同义句)
The box ___ ___ ___ apples.
十、强化训练题参考答案及详细解析
一、单项选择答案及解析
答案:A
解析:考查good的固定搭配。be good at 表“擅长(技能、学科)”,后接动名词;be good with 表“善于应对(人)”,后接人。句中playing basketball是技能,kids是人,故选A。
答案:B
解析:考查情景交际搭配。With pleasure 用于回应别人的请求,表“乐意地”;My pleasure 用于回应感谢;Thank you 表感谢;You’re welcome 表“不客气”。问句是请求帮忙,故选B。
答案:A
解析:考查介词to的固定搭配。the key to sth. 表“……的钥匙/关键”,同类搭配还有the answer to the problem,故选A。
答案:C
解析:考查地点介词搭配。arrive at 后接小地点(station、school、park);arrive in 后接大地点(city、country)。the station是小地点,故选C。
答案:B
解析:考查固定搭配。on purpose 表“故意地”;be angry with sb. 表“对某人生气”,是固定情感搭配,故选B。
二、完形填空答案及解析
答案:A
解析:考查with表伴随。with sb. 表“和某人一起”,符合句意“和最好的朋友一起去图书馆”,故选A。
答案:B
解析:考查时间介词搭配。具体时刻(9 o’clock)前用介词at,泛指上午/下午用in,具体星期用on,故选B。
答案:B
解析:考查固定搭配look for。look for 表“寻找”,符合句意“寻找关于历史的书”;look at 表“看”;look after 表“照顾”;look up 表“查阅”,故选B。
答案:A
解析:考查the answer to的固定搭配,表“……的答案”,故选A。
答案:B
解析:考查with the help of的固定搭配,表“在……的帮助下”,句首首字母大写,故选B。
答案:C
解析:考查talk的搭配。talk about 表“谈论某事”;talk to/with 表“和某人交谈”。句中our favorite books是事物,故选C。
三、句型转换答案及解析
答案:does well in
解析:be good at 的同义短语是do well in,主语She是第三人称单数,谓语动词用does,后接动名词,保持句式一致。
答案:for helping
解析:Thank you for doing sth. 的同义句是Thanks for doing sth.,直接替换即可,保持动名词形式不变。
答案:How can
解析:划线部分by reading more 是方式,对方式提问用疑问词How,后接一般疑问句语序,情态动词can提前,故答案为How can。
答案:is filled with
解析:be full of 的同义短语是be filled with,主语The box是单数,be动词用is,直接替换短语即可。

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