中考英语核心语法:过去进行时重难点精讲与专项突破(学案)

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中考英语核心语法:过去进行时重难点精讲与专项突破(学案)

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中考英语核心语法:过去进行时重难点精讲与专项突破
一、过去进行时核心知识点总结
(一)定义
1.表示过去某一**特定时刻**或**某一时间段内**正在进行的动作或发生的状态。
2.它强调动作在过去的某个时间点上“正在进行”,而非动作的开始或结束。
例:She was reading a novel at 9 last night.
(昨晚9点,她正在读一本小说。—— 强调9点这个时刻的动作状态)
(二)构成
基本结构:主语 + was/were + 动词-ing形式
当主语为**第三人称单数**(如he, she, it, Tom, my mother等)或**不可数名词**(如water, time等)时,用was;
当主语为**复数名词/代词**(如they, we, students等)或**第二人称**(you)时,用were;
动词-ing形式变化规则(中考高频):
一般动词直接加-ing(如read→reading, visit→visiting);
以不发音的e结尾的动词,去e加-ing(如write→writing, take→taking);
重读闭音节动词(辅+元+辅结构,末尾只有一个辅音字母),双写末尾辅音字母加-ing(如run→running, sit→sitting)。
(三)核心用法及标志词
特定时刻定格:描述过去某个具体时间点正在进行的动作,常搭配明确的时间点标志词。
常见标志词:at this time yesterday(昨天这个时候)、at 8:00 yesterday morning(昨天早上8点)、at that moment(那一刻)、at 9 last night(昨晚9点)等。
例:He was doing his homework at 8 o'clock last evening.(昨晚8点,他正在做作业。)
特定时段持续:描述过去某一段连续的时间内一直在进行的动作,动作具有持续性。
常见标志词:those days(那些天)、that week(那一周)、from 9 to 11 yesterday morning(昨天早上9点到11点)、during the holiday last year(去年假期期间)等。
例:They were studying for the exam from Monday to Friday last week.
(上周周一到周五,他们一直在为考试复习。)
作动作背景:作为上下文铺垫,说明主句动作发生时,从句动作正在进行,常用于故事叙述或场景描写。
常用句式:主句(一般过去时)+ when/while + 从句(过去进行时);或从句(过去进行时)+ when + 主句(一般过去时)。
例:The rain started when we were walking in the street.(我们正在街上走的时候,下雨了。)
口语表原因、借口:在口语中,用过去进行时解释过去某个动作未完成、没做到的原因,语气更委婉自然。
例:— Why didn’t you finish your homework
(你为什么没完成作业?)
— Sorry, I was helping my mom with housework all evening.
(抱歉,我一整晚都在帮妈妈做家务。)
表未竟打算:重读句中的was/were,强调原本计划要做但最终没做成的事,常搭配planned, intended等词补充语境。
例:I was going to the library, but I forgot my bag.
(我本来要去图书馆的,结果忘了带包。—— 重读was,突出“未实现的打算”)
(四)与一般过去时的核心区别(中考易错点)
时态 核心侧重点 例句及解析
过去进行时 强调动作的“进行过程”或“持续状态”,不关注结果是否完成 She was reading a book last night.(昨晚她在看书。—— 强调“看书”这个持续动作,不知道是否看完)
一般过去时 强调动作“已完成”,侧重陈述过去发生的事实或产生的结果 She read a book last night.(昨晚她看了一本书。—— 强调“看完了一本书”这个事实结果)
(五)两个特殊高频用法(中考热点)
1.与when/while连用的用法辨析
when:可引导短暂性动词(如get, start, fall等)或延续性动词,从句可接一般过去时或过去进行时;当主句为过去进行时、从句为短暂性动作时,常用when。
例:I was watching TV when the doorbell rang.
(门铃响的时候,我正在看电视。—— rang是短暂性动词,用when引导)
while:常引导延续性动词,从句多为过去进行时,强调主句和从句动作“同时进行”;while也可连接两个过去进行时,表“一边……一边……”。
例:While my mom was cooking, my dad was cleaning the room.
(妈妈在做饭的时候,爸爸在打扫房间。—— 两个延续动作同时进行)
2.与always/constantly搭配表情感
当过去进行时与always(总是)、constantly(频繁地)连用时,不再表示“正在进行”,而是带有强烈的情感色彩(多为抱怨、不满,也可表赞扬),强调过去频繁发生的令人困扰或赞赏的动作。
例1(抱怨):He was always talking in class last term, which made the teacher angry.(上学期他总在课堂上说话,让老师很生气。)
例2(赞扬):She was always helping others when she was in middle school.(她上中学时总乐于助人。)
二、基础巩固练习(中考难度适配)
(一)用所给动词的适当形式填空。
They ____________ (visit) the Ancient City Wall from 9 to 11 yesterday morning.
My sister ___________ _ (sing) when I got home last night.
What ______ you ______ (do) at this time yesterday
The students _________ ___ (not read) books just now, they were writing.
He ____________ (always talk) in class last term, making the teacher angry.
(二)单项选择。
( )1.— What did you see at 8:00 last night
— I saw my father ______ TV in the living room.
A. watches B. watched C. was watching D. watching
( )2.Grandma ______ noodles yesterday, but she ______ noodles at this time yesterday.
A. cooked; was making B. cooks; makes C. was cooking; made D. made; cooks
( )3.______ we were walking in the park, it started to rain suddenly.
A. When B. While C. If D. Because
( )4.The boy ______ his bike when he fell down and hurt his arm.
A. rides B. rode C. was riding D. is riding
( )5.— Why didn’t you answer my call
— Sorry, I ______ my mother with housework all the afternoon.
A. helped B. was helping C. help D. am helping
(三)句型转换
She was writing an article this morning.(改为否定句)
______________________________________________.
They were visiting Big Wild Goose Pagoda those days.(对划线部分提问)
______________________________________________.
I was reading a book at 7:00 yesterday evening.(改为一般疑问句,并作肯定回答)
______________________________________________.
三、参考答案及解析
(一)用所给动词的适当形式填空。
were visiting
解析:from 9 to 11 yesterday morning是过去进行时的标志性时间段状语,强调动作在该时段内持续进行;主语they为复数,故用were + visiting。
was singing
解析:when引导的从句用一般过去时(got home),主句表示“我到家时正在发生的动作”,需用过去进行时;主语my sister为第三人称单数,故用was + singing。
were; doing
解析:at this time yesterday是过去进行时的核心时间标志词,用于特殊疑问句时,结构为“特殊疑问词 + was/were + 主语 + doing + 其他”;主语you搭配were,故填were; doing。
were not reading
解析:just now可搭配过去进行时(强调当时的动作状态),过去进行时的否定式为“was/were + not + 动词-ing”;主语the students为复数,故用were not reading(可缩写为weren’t reading)。
was always talking
解析:always与过去进行时连用,表过去频繁发生的动作并带有抱怨情感;主语he为第三人称单数,故用was + always + talking。
二、单项选择。
C
解析:at 8:00 last night表示过去具体时刻,强调“当时正在进行的动作”,符合过去进行时的用法,故选C。
A
解析:第一空yesterday表示过去的时间点,强调“做饭”这个动作已完成,用一般过去时cooked;第二空at this time yesterday表示过去此刻的动作状态,用过去进行时was making,故选A。
B
解析:从句“we were walking”是延续性动词的过去进行时,强调两个动作(走路和下雨)同时发生,while更适配该用法,故选B。
C
解析:句意为“男孩正在骑自行车时,摔了下来伤了胳膊”,强调“骑车”这个持续动作过程中发生了“摔倒”的短暂动作,用过去进行时was riding,故选C。
B
解析:all the afternoon表示过去整段持续的时间,用过去进行时强调“一整个下午都在帮忙”,解释没接电话的原因,故选B。
三、句型转换。
She was not writing an article this morning.(或She wasn’t writing an article this morning.)
解析:过去进行时的否定句变法为“直接在was/were后加not”,was not可缩写为wasn’t,were not可缩写为weren’t。
What were they doing those days
解析:对“正在做的动作”提问,用特殊疑问词what;句式结构为“what + was/were + 主语 + doing + 其他”,去掉原句中的动作内容,主语they为复数,故用were。
一般疑问句:Were you reading a book at 7:00 yesterday evening
肯定回答:Yes, I was.
解析:过去进行时变一般疑问句,需将was/were提到句首;第一人称I要变为第二人称you,对应was变为were;肯定回答需还原主语I和be动词was,保持人称一致。
四、强化训练题
(一)用所给动词的适当形式填空。
My brother ______ (play) basketball with his friends when the rain came.
— What ______ your parents ______ (do) at that moment (do)
— They were cleaning the house.
Lucy ______ (not dance) yesterday afternoon, she was practicing the piano.
While my brother ______ (study) for the exam, I was preparing dinner.
He ______ (always lose) his keys last month, which made his parents worried.
(二)单项选择。
— Did you see Mr. Li yesterday
— Yes. He ______ with a student in the office when I passed by.
A. talks B. talked C. was talking D. is talking
The little girl was drawing a picture ______ her mother came back home.
A. when B. while C. until D. after
— Why were you late for school this morning
— Because my bike broke down, and I ______ for help.
A. wait B. was waiting C. waited D. am waiting
While Tom ______ music, his sister was doing her homework.
A. listens to B. listened to C. was listening to D. is listening to
He ______ in the factory last year, but he ______ there now.
A. was working; isn’t working B. worked; doesn’t work
C. was working; doesn’t work D. worked; isn’t working
(三)句型转换。
They were having a meeting at 3 yesterday afternoon.(改为一般疑问句,并作否定回答)
_________________________________________________.
He was playing football on the playground those days.(对划线部分提问)
_________________________________________________.
My mother was washing clothes when I arrived home.(改为同义句)
_________________________________________________.
(四)语篇填空。
阅读下面短文,用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空,使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词。
Last Sunday, I ______ (go) to the park with my family. When we got there, some children ______ (play) games on the grass. My father ______ (take) photos while my mother ______ (talk) with her friend. I ______ (walk) along the lake when I saw a beautiful bird. I stopped and watched it. It ______ (sing) happily. We stayed there for two hours and then went home. It was a great day.
五、强化训练题参考答案及解析
(一)用所给动词的适当形式填空
was playing
解析:when引导的从句用一般过去时(came),主句表示“下雨时正在进行的动作”,用过去进行时;主语my brother为第三人称单数,故填was playing。
were; doing
解析:at that moment是过去进行时的标志词,特殊疑问句结构为“what + were + 主语(your parents,复数)+ doing”,故填were; doing。
was not dancing(或wasn’t dancing)
解析:yesterday afternoon结合后半句“was practicing”,可知此处强调“昨天下午没在跳舞”,用过去进行时的否定式;主语Lucy为第三人称单数,故填wasn’t dancing。
was studying
解析:while引导的从句需用延续性动词的进行时,与主句的过去进行时(was preparing)呼应,表两个动作同时进行;主语my brother为第三人称单数,故填was studying。
was always losing
解析:always与过去进行时连用,表过去频繁发生的动作(抱怨);主语he为第三人称单数,故填was always losing。
(二)单项选择
C
解析:when I passed by(我经过时)表示过去的时间点,强调“当时李老师正在和学生谈话”,用过去进行时,故选C。
A
解析:从句“her mother came back”是短暂性动词(come),主句是过去进行时,引导此类从句常用when,故选A。
B
解析:句意为“我的自行车坏了,我正在等帮助”,强调“自行车坏后持续等待”的状态,用过去进行时解释迟到原因,故选B。
C
解析:while引导的从句需与主句时态一致(过去进行时),表“汤姆听音乐时,妹妹在写作业”,故选C。
C
解析:第一空last year结合语境,强调“去年在工厂工作的状态”,用过去进行时was working;第二空now表示现在,用一般现在时的否定式doesn’t work,故选C。
(三)句型转换
一般疑问句:Were they having a meeting at 3 yesterday afternoon
否定回答:No, they weren’t.
解析:变一般疑问句将were提到句首;否定回答用“no, 主语 + weren’t”,保持人称和时态一致。
Where were they playing football those days
解析:对地点“on the playground”提问,用特殊疑问词where;句式为“where + were + 主语 + doing + 其他”,还原动作playing football。
When I arrived home, my mother was washing clothes.
解析:原句用“主句(过去进行时)+ when + 从句(一般过去时)”,同义句可调整为“when从句 + 主句”,保持语义不变。
(四)语篇填空
went
解析:last Sunday是一般过去时的标志词,go的过去式为went。
were playing
解析:when引导的从句用一般过去时(got),主句表示“我们到的时候,孩子们正在玩游戏”,用过去进行时;主语some children为复数,故填were playing。
was taking
解析:while引导的从句用过去进行时,主句也用过去进行时,表“爸爸拍照时,妈妈在和朋友聊天”;主语my father为第三人称单数,故填was taking。
was talking
解析:与主句时态一致,用过去进行时;主语my mother为第三人称单数,故填was talking。
was walking
解析:when引导从句(saw)用一般过去时,主句表“正在湖边走时看到鸟”,用过去进行时;主语I搭配was,故填was walking。
was singing
解析:前文提到“我停下来看鸟”,强调“鸟当时正在开心地唱歌”,用过去进行时;主语it为第三人称单数,故填was singing。

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