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　　对很多学生来说，高考英语阅读C、D篇一直以来都是拦路虎，2025年高考更是难出了新高度，愈发注重对深度阅读能力、高阶思维和创新思维的综合考查。近几年，新高考英语阅读C、D篇难点和痛点主要体现在文章话题难懂、词汇难度加大、句子结构长且复杂等方面，这些难点相互交织，成为学生提升阅读成绩的关键阻碍。
一、高考英语阅读C、D篇的难点和痛点
1.文章话题难懂
2021年新高考Ⅰ卷D篇“情商概念的普及及其双刃剑效应”和2023年新课标Ⅰ卷C篇“数字极简主义：一种现代生活方式的哲学反思”和2025年全国一卷D篇“微塑料污染问题”涉及了较为深奥的理论，对于学生而言，理解它们可能需要跨越一定的认知门槛。
2.词汇难度加大
高考英语阅读C、D篇通常是说明文或议论文，会出现大量的学术词汇。 这些词汇具有高度的专业性与抽象性，使学生在考试过程中面临较大的挑战。词汇的衍生和合成形式不断扩展其使用范围。同时，熟词生义以及词汇的搭配使用也在增加学习的深度。
派生词：statistician， independent， capitalize， technical， correlate， dependent， accuracy， limitation， relatively， underlying， unclear， dismissive， doubtful， approving
合成词：follow－up， decision－making， jaw－dropping， ground－breaking
课标新增词&新增词的派生词：frequently， enormous， illustrate， estimate， individual， response， estimation， overestimate， underestimate， dominant， significantly， implication
学术词：minimalism， fishery， dynamic， document， detect
熟词生义：draft过堂风，score乐谱，note音符，say 比方说
3.句子结构长且复杂
在高考英语阅读C、D篇中，句法结构的复杂性显著增加，表现为诸多长且结构复杂的句子。这些句子可能嵌套多个从句，例如名词性从句、定语从句或状语从句，它们相互交织，增加了句子的逻辑层次和理解难度。此外，非谓语动词形式如分词和动词不定式的运用，以及介词短语的插入，进一步丰富了句子的表达，同时也为把握句子的核心意义带来了挑战。
【典例】　 （2024 新课标Ⅰ卷阅读理解C篇节选）
　　The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction—such as drawing inferences from a text.
分析：本句的主干为The benefits shine through。主句中包含了when引导的时间状语从句，在状语从句中又包含了that引导的定语从句。
二、高考英语阅读C、D篇的应对策略
1.利用篇章结构巧获文章大意
高考英语阅读理解题通常包括不同类型的文章，其中C、D篇往往是说明文或议论文。这些文章通常遵循一定的篇章结构，掌握了这一点学生可以更好地分析和理解文章的内容。以下是一些常见的话题和各话题常见的篇章结构。
【典例】　（2025 全国一卷阅读D篇）
　　Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas， stuck inside volcanic rocks， filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans.
　　Now， new research suggests that a simple， cheap measure may significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap （水龙头）：boiling and filtering （过滤） it.In a study published Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters， researchers from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its microplastics.
　　Crucially， this process relies on the water containing enough calcium carbonate （碳酸钙） to trap the plastics.In the study， boiling hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an almost 90 percent drop in plastics.But in samples with less than 60 milligrams of calcium carbonate， boiling reduced the level of plastics by just 25 percent.Additionally， the research didn’t include all types of plastics.The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene， polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
　　Still， the findings show a potential path forward for reducing microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly difficult.Even bottled water， scientists found earlier this year， contains 10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
　　Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns.The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice，” Caroline Gauchotte－Lindsay， an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research， tells New Scientist.“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
分析：本文的话题类型是社会现象，属于“现象—分析”型文章结构。
根据以上篇章结构分析可知，本文主要介绍了微塑料污染的普遍性及其对人类健康的潜在威胁，并提出了一种简单且经济的方法——煮沸和过滤自来水——来减少饮用水中的微塑料含量。研究还指出，水的硬度（碳酸钙含量）是影响该方法效果的关键因素。文章强调微塑料污染问题的严峻性，并呼吁进一步升级饮用水处理厂，以应对微塑料污染问题。
2.利用信号词获取文章大意
在阅读理解中，信号词（也称为衔接词或过渡词）扮演着至关重要的角色。它们帮助读者理解句子和段落之间的关系，从而更好地把握文章的整体结构和逻辑。如although，though，while，but，however，yet/and yet，therefore，so，thus，as a result，consequently，hence等，这些单词后面的句子往往是文章要表达的重点意思。
【典例】　（2024 新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D篇节选）
　　In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct， researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.Today， most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos， videos， and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area， a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
分析：本段最后一句话中的they指代前面提到的数据，主旨要义是本句的主句部分——一项新的研究表明这样的记录是不完美的。因此，下文大概率会讲述不完美的原因和解决办法。
3.分析句子结构，获得句子大意
长难句往往被视为阅读理解难度的关键因素。在应对这类句子时，学生应当致力于识别其中的谓语动词和连词，如此一来，句子的构造和组织将变得清晰可辨。
【典例】　 （2024 1月浙江卷阅读D篇节选）
　　But as we’ve reshaped the world around us， dramatically reducing the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories， we still have the same brains we had thousands of years ago， and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn’t eat.
分析：本句中谓语动词有have reshaped，have，had，is，struggle，know，shouldn’t eat，共7个，所以需要6个连词。句中的连词as引导原因状语从句；并列连词and，连接两个主句we still have the same brains和this mismatch is at the heart of why ...；why引导介词of后的宾语从句；that引导定语从句，先行词是foods。隐藏的两个连词为the same brains后的连词as引导定语从句，先行词是brains；we know后的宾语从句的引导词that。所以本句意为：但是，随着我们重塑了周围的世界，显著降低了获取卡路里的成本和努力，我们仍然拥有数千年前相同的大脑，这种不匹配正是为什么我们有这么多人难以抗拒那些我们知道不应该吃的食物的原因。
4.活用构词法，突破词汇障碍
在高考试题中经常出现一些复杂的长单词，这些单词往往是由课标词汇派生、合成而来的，它们常常给学生的阅读理解带来困难。因此，学生在熟练掌握课标词汇的同时，还需要学习并掌握构词法的相关知识。了解构词法对于学生来说至关重要，它能够帮助学生准确地推断出生词的含义，从而提高阅读效率。
【典例】　（2025 全国一卷阅读D篇节选）
　　Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics are — but what they do know has raised concerns.The new study suggests boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.“The way they demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process was nice，” Caroline Gauchotte－Lindsay， an environmental engineer at the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the research， tells New Scientist.“We should be looking into upgrading drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
分析：学生对in和take都比较熟悉，但是两个熟词放在一起就不知道其含义，阅读有障碍。此时可以先利用构词法猜测其含义，in－（向内）＋take（拿）→向内拿进来，再结合intake前后内容可知，此处是指微塑料摄入，故intake在此表示“摄入，吸入”。
3 / 4(共24张PPT)
攻坚克难1　阅读C、D篇难点和痛点突破
　　对很多学生来说，高考英语阅读C、D篇一直以来都是拦路虎，
2025年高考更是难出了新高度，愈发注重对深度阅读能力、高阶思维
和创新思维的综合考查。近几年，新高考英语阅读C、D篇难点和痛
点主要体现在文章话题难懂、词汇难度加大、句子结构长且复杂等方
面，这些难点相互交织，成为学生提升阅读成绩的关键阻碍。
一、高考英语阅读C、D篇的难点和痛点
1. 文章话题难懂
2021年新高考Ⅰ卷D篇“情商概念的普及及其双刃剑效应”和2023年新
课标Ⅰ卷C篇“数字极简主义：一种现代生活方式的哲学反思”和2025
年全国一卷D篇“微塑料污染问题”涉及了较为深奥的理论，对于学
生而言，理解它们可能需要跨越一定的认知门槛。
2. 词汇难度加大
高考英语阅读C、D篇通常是说明文或议论文，会出现大量的学术词
汇。 这些词汇具有高度的专业性与抽象性，使学生在考试过程中面临
较大的挑战。词汇的衍生和合成形式不断扩展其使用范围。同时，熟
词生义以及词汇的搭配使用也在增加学习的深度。
派生词：statistician， independent， capitalize， technical， correlate，
dependent， accuracy， limitation， relatively， underlying， unclear，
dismissive， doubtful， approving
合成词：follow-up， decision-making， jaw-dropping， ground-
breaking
课标新增词&新增词的派生词：frequently， enormous， illustrate，
estimate， individual， response， estimation， overestimate，
underestimate， dominant， significantly， implication
学术词：minimalism， fishery， dynamic， document， detect
熟词生义：draft过堂风，score乐谱，note音符，say 比方说
3. 句子结构长且复杂
在高考英语阅读C、D篇中，句法结构的复杂性显著增加，表现为诸
多长且结构复杂的句子。这些句子可能嵌套多个从句，例如名词性从
句、定语从句或状语从句，它们相互交织，增加了句子的逻辑层次和
理解难度。此外，非谓语动词形式如分词和动词不定式的运用，以及
介词短语的插入，进一步丰富了句子的表达，同时也为把握句子的核
心意义带来了挑战。
【典例】　 （2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读理解C篇节选）
　　The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when
experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main
idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction—such
as drawing inferences from a text.
分析：本句的主干为The benefits shine through。主句中包含了when引
导的时间状语从句，在状语从句中又包含了that引导的定语从句。
二、高考英语阅读C、D篇的应对策略
1. 利用篇章结构巧获文章大意
高考英语阅读理解题通常包括不同类型的文章，其中C、D篇往往是
说明文或议论文。这些文章通常遵循一定的篇章结构，掌握了这一点
学生可以更好地分析和理解文章的内容。以下是一些常见的话题和各
话题常见的篇章结构。
【典例】　（2025·全国一卷阅读D篇）
　　Microplastics have become a common source of pollution across the
Earth — they have settled in the deep sea and on the Himalayas， stuck
inside volcanic rocks， filled the stomachs of seabirds and even fallen in
fresh Antarctic snow.They are even appearing inside humans.
　　Now， new research suggests that a simple， cheap measure may
significantly reduce the level of microplastics in water from your tap （水
龙头）：boiling and filtering （过滤） it.In a study published
Wednesday in Environmental Science & Technology Letters， researchers
from China found that boiling tap water for just five minutes — then
filtering it after it cools — could remove at least 80 percent of its
microplastics.
　　Crucially， this process relies on the water containing enough
calcium carbonate （碳酸钙） to trap the plastics.In the study， boiling
hard water containing 300 milligrams of calcium carbonate led to an
almost 90 percent drop in plastics.But in samples with less than 60
milligrams of calcium carbonate， boiling reduced the level of plastics by
just 25 percent.Additionally， the research didn’t include all types of
plastics.The team focused only on three common types — polystyrene，
polyethylene and polypropylene — and they didn’t study other chemicals
previously found in water such as vinyl chloride.
　　Still， the findings show a potential path forward for reducing
microplastic exposure — a task that’s becoming increasingly
difficult.Even bottled water， scientists found earlier this year， contains
10 to 1，000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
　　Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics
are — but what they do know has raised concerns.The new study suggests
boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.“The way they
demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process
was nice，” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay， an environmental engineer at
the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the
research， tells New Scientist.“We should be looking into upgrading
drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
分析：本文的话题类型是社会现象，属于“现象—分析”型文章结构。
根据以上篇章结构分析可知，本文主要介绍了微塑料污染的普遍性及
其对人类健康的潜在威胁，并提出了一种简单且经济的方法——煮沸
和过滤自来水——来减少饮用水中的微塑料含量。研究还指出，水的
硬度（碳酸钙含量）是影响该方法效果的关键因素。文章强调微塑料
污染问题的严峻性，并呼吁进一步升级饮用水处理厂，以应对微塑料
污染问题。
2. 利用信号词获取文章大意
在阅读理解中，信号词（也称为衔接词或过渡词）扮演着至关重要的
角色。它们帮助读者理解句子和段落之间的关系，从而更好地把握文
章的整体结构和逻辑。如although，though，while，but，however，
yet/and yet，therefore，so，thus，as a result，consequently，hence等，
这些单词后面的句子往往是文章要表达的重点意思。
【典例】　（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷阅读D篇节选）
　　In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct，
researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of
records.Today， most records of biodiversity are often in the form of
photos， videos， and other digital records.Though they are useful for
detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area， a new
Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
分析：本段最后一句话中的they指代前面提到的数据，主旨要义是本
句的主句部分——一项新的研究表明这样的记录是不完美的。因此，
下文大概率会讲述不完美的原因和解决办法。
3. 分析句子结构，获得句子大意
长难句往往被视为阅读理解难度的关键因素。在应对这类句子时，学
生应当致力于识别其中的谓语动词和连词，如此一来，句子的构造和
组织将变得清晰可辨。
【典例】　 （2024·1月浙江卷阅读D篇节选）
　　But as we’ve reshaped the world around us， dramatically reducing
the cost and effort involved in obtaining calories， we still have the same
brains we had thousands of years ago， and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we
shouldn’t eat.
分析：本句中谓语动词有have reshaped，have，had，is，struggle，
know，shouldn’t eat，共7个，所以需要6个连词。句中的连词as引导
原因状语从句；并列连词and，连接两个主句we still have the same
brains和this mismatch is at the heart of why ...；why引导介词of后的宾
语从句；that引导定语从句，先行词是foods。隐藏的两个连词为the
same brains后的连词as引导定语从句，先行词是brains；we know后的
宾语从句的引导词that。所以本句意为：但是，随着我们重塑了周围
的世界，显著降低了获取卡路里的成本和努力，我们仍然拥有数千年
前相同的大脑，这种不匹配正是为什么我们有这么多人难以抗拒那些
我们知道不应该吃的食物的原因。
4. 活用构词法，突破词汇障碍
在高考试题中经常出现一些复杂的长单词，这些单词往往是由课标词
汇派生、合成而来的，它们常常给学生的阅读理解带来困难。因此，
学生在熟练掌握课标词汇的同时，还需要学习并掌握构词法的相关知
识。了解构词法对于学生来说至关重要，它能够帮助学生准确地推断
出生词的含义，从而提高阅读效率。
【典例】　（2025·全国一卷阅读D篇节选）
　　Scientists are still trying to determine how harmful microplastics
are — but what they do know has raised concerns.The new study suggests
boiling tap water could be a tool to limit intake.“The way they
demonstrated how microplastics were trapped through the boiling process
was nice，” Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay， an environmental engineer at
the University of Glasgow in Scotland who was not involved in the
research， tells New Scientist.“We should be looking into upgrading
drinking water treatment plants so they remove microplastics.”
分析：学生对in和take都比较熟悉，但是两个熟词放在一起就不知道
其含义，阅读有障碍。此时可以先利用构词法猜测其含义，in-（向
内）＋take（拿）→向内拿进来，再结合intake前后内容可知，此处是
指微塑料摄入，故intake在此表示“摄入，吸入”。
THANKS
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