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高考阅读七选五4个必备意识
篇章结构意识
　　阅读七选五注重对学生行文结构能力的考查。高考所选语篇通常以说明文为主，结构严谨，段落层次分明。篇章以“总—分（—总）”结构最为常见。把握整体结构和段际关系，对于小标题设空类或者主旨句设空类题目的解答大有帮助。
　　阅读七选五常见的语篇结构如下：
【典例】　（2024 新课标Ⅰ卷）Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published， it’s vital to submit a perfect， professionally presented manuscript （原稿）.36.　　 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
　　I keep two reference books close－by on my desk： dictionary and thesaurus （同义词词典）.I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.37.　　 Of course， these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses， but I’m old－fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
　　38.　　 It should give you a precise definition of each word， thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar， but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
　　In addition， I have an old two－volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary， picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course， with its 2，672 pages， it’s not exactly short.It contains around 163，000 words， plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.39.　　 However， if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage， there’s nothing better.
　　For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.“To make dictionaries is dull （乏味） work，” wrote Johnson， illustrating one definition of “dull”.40.　　 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A.I don’t often use this dictionary.
B.It takes no account of the context.
C.But I still don’t want to replace them.
D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E.Of course， a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G.Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
结构图示：
解题思路：该篇文章是典型的“总—分”结构。据此，我们可以快速地从选项中选出第37、38题的答案。
第37题从反面论述了自己偏爱纸质词典的原因，即：为什么不使用电子词典——拼写检查程序不能很好地顾及上下文。故选B项。
第38题从正面论述了纸质词典的优点。设空处位于句首，总领全段内容——词典的多重作用和功能。故选E项。
正确答案：36~40　FBEAD
句子功能意识
　　依据句子在文中的作用，该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（也称主旨句或主题句，涉及文章或段落整体内容）、衔接过渡句（也称过渡句，承上启下，能够使上下句连贯）和细节支撑句（也称细节句，补充、解释上一句）三个类型。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛，要么以偏概全或偏离主题，衔接过渡句不能反映文章的行文结构，细节支撑句与上文脱节等。
【典例】　（2025 全国一卷节选）
An Unsung Hero
　　Need a break between classes or just a quick pick－me－up in the morning？ The College Cafe has just that， and more.36.　　
　　Catherine Murphy， a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat， makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back and forth between machines to make the drinks.37.　　 As the customer grabs the drink from her hand， she smiles and says， “Hello， how is your day？” Even when the line is getting longer， she doesn’t let it get in the way of her genuine conversations.
A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B.She has two children aged eight and four.
C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D.After finishing an order， she calls out the name on the cup.
E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks， it also serves up smiles.
F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G.She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
解题思路：第36题是对衔接过渡句的考查。空前一句介绍College Cafe除提供课间休息的场所和提神的饮品外，还有更多的东西。设空后的下一段开始描述员工Catherine Murphy的具体服务细节。由此可知，空处应承上启下，应填入一个衔接过渡句。故E项（这家咖啡馆不仅提供饮品而且提供微笑服务）符合语境。
第37题是对细节支撑句的考查。空前描述Murphy在机器间穿梭制作饮品的过程，空后描述顾客从她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着进行问候。由此可知，D项（完成订单后，她喊出杯上的名字）补充这一具体动作，符合语境。
正确答案：36.　E　　37.　D　
空格位置意识
　　句子在文章中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和挖空上下文的提示作用来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。通常情况下，空格位置与句子类型有以下规律：
空格位置 句子类型
段首 主题句（概括段落中心）或过渡句（承接上文，引出下文）
段中 细节句（细节支撑，如举例、解释等）或过渡句（逻辑衔接，如转折、递进等）
段尾 总结句（即主旨句，概括段落内容）或过渡句（引出下一段）
【典例】　（2025 全国一卷节选）
　　Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every day to get to work on time.38.　　 “I do so because I like to make coffee for the students.I know they need it in the morning，” Murphy said.Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she is.She believes she is here to serve.
A.The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B.She has two children aged eight and four.
C.Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D.After finishing an order， she calls out the name on the cup.
E.Not only does this cafe serve up drinks， it also serves up smiles.
F.Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G.She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere else.
解题思路：第38题设空在段中，通常考查细节句或过渡句。根据空前一句可知，Murphy每天早起并准时上班。空处后引用Murphy的话解释她这么做的原因。由此可知，空处可能补充Murphy的工作细节，故C项（有时她提前到岗以提前服务学生）符合语境。本题属于对细节句的考查。
正确答案：　C　
句式一致意识
　　如果题目设在段落标题处，学生可以通过其他段落的小标题的句式来缩小选择范围。如果其他段落的小标题是祈使句，本段标题也应该是祈使句；如果其他段落的小标题是名词短语，本段标题也应该是名词短语。缩小选择范围之后，再依据段落内容来锁定答案。
【典例】　（2022 全国乙卷节选）
　　Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health.Here are five ways to sustain （保持） long－distance friendships.
Set a regular date
　　Long－lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides equally contact （联系） and share with one another.With busy schedules， squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.36.（D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it）.
More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best for you both.37.（E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication）.There are alternatives to constant written communication， such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
Practise empathy （共情）
38.（G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind）.The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved.The one in the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend may feel abandoned.
39.　　
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long－distance friendships.Although technology might make day－to－day communication possible， extra effort goes a long way on special days.Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
A.Remember important dates
B.Compensate by writing letters
C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
解题思路：第39题考查对段落小标题的选择。分析文章结构和空处所在的位置可知，空处是本段的小标题。观察其他小标题可知，句式类型应为祈使句。又因D项已经被选择，故选择范围可缩小至A项和B项。通读本段的内容可知，本段主要介绍在远距离的友谊中，纪念日和生日的分量是更重的。anniversaries和birthdays对每一个人来说都是重要的日子，因此A项（记住重要的日期）最适合作本段的小标题。
正确答案：　A　
1 / 2(共28张PPT)
高考阅读七选五4个必备意识
目录
NO.1 篇章结构意识
NO.2 句子功能意识
NO.3 空格位置意识
NO.4 句式一致意识
NO.1 篇章结构意识
　　阅读七选五注重对学生行文结构能力的考查。高考所选语篇通常以说明文为主，结构严谨，段落层次分明。篇章以“总—分（—总）”结构最为常见。把握整体结构和段际关系，对于小标题设空类或者主旨句设空类题目的解答大有帮助。
　　阅读七选五常见的语篇结构如下：
【典例】　（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）Not all great writers are great
spellers.If you want to be published， it’s vital to submit a perfect，
professionally presented manuscript （原稿）.36. 　　 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.
　　I keep two reference books close-by on my desk： dictionary and
thesaurus （同义词词典）.I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.
37. 　　 Of course， these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses， but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover
and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford
Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.
　　38. 　　 It should give you a precise definition of each word， thus
differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar， but not
identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.
　　In addition， I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford
Dictionary， picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99
pence.Of course， with its 2，672 pages， it’s not exactly short.It
contains around 163，000 words， plus word combinations and idiomatic
phrases.39. 　　 However， if I need to check the origin of a word or to
look up examples of its usage， there’s nothing better.
　　For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary
was Samuel Johnson’s Dictionary of the English Language published in
1755.“To make dictionaries is dull （乏味） work，” wrote Johnson，
illustrating one definition of “dull”.40. 　　 A few minutes spent
casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.
A. I don’t often use this dictionary.
B. It takes no account of the context.
C. But I still don’t want to replace them.
D. But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.
E. Of course， a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don’t always give you enough information.
结构图示：
解题思路：该篇文章是典型的“总—分”结构。据此，我们可以快速
地从选项中选出第37、38题的答案。
第37题从反面论述了自己偏爱纸质词典的原因，即：为什么不使用电
子词典——拼写检查程序不能很好地顾及上下文。故选B项。
第38题从正面论述了纸质词典的优点。设空处位于句首，总领全段内
容——词典的多重作用和功能。故选E项。
正确答案：36～40　FBEAD
NO.2 句子功能意识
　　依据句子在文中的作用，该题型选项大致可分为主旨概括句（也
称主旨句或主题句，涉及文章或段落整体内容）、衔接过渡句（也称
过渡句，承上启下，能够使上下句连贯）和细节支撑句（也称细节
句，补充、解释上一句）三个类型。另外两个多余的干扰项也可以通
过这三个特点来排除，例如主旨概括句要么过于宽泛，要么以偏概全
或偏离主题，衔接过渡句不能反映文章的行文结构，细节支撑句与上
文脱节等。
【典例】　（2025·全国一卷节选）
An Unsung Hero
　　Need a break between classes or just a quick pick-me-up in the
morning？ The College Cafe has just that， and more.36. 　
　　Catherine Murphy， a cafe worker in a green shirt and black hat，
makes sure that each customer gets exactly what they order.She goes back
and forth between machines to make the drinks.37. 　　 As the customer
grabs the drink from her hand， she smiles and says， “Hello， how is
your day？” Even when the line is getting longer， she doesn’t let it get
in the way of her genuine conversations.
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order， she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks， it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere
else.
解题思路：第36题是对衔接过渡句的考查。空前一句介绍College Cafe
除提供课间休息的场所和提神的饮品外，还有更多的东西。设空后的
下一段开始描述员工Catherine Murphy的具体服务细节。由此可知，
空处应承上启下，应填入一个衔接过渡句。故E项（这家咖啡馆不仅
提供饮品而且提供微笑服务）符合语境。
第37题是对细节支撑句的考查。空前描述Murphy在机器间穿梭制作饮
品的过程，空后描述顾客从她手中接过饮品时，她微笑着进行问候。
由此可知，D项（完成订单后，她喊出杯上的名字）补充这一具体动
作，符合语境。
正确答案：36.　E　　37.　D　
NO.3 空格位置意识
　　句子在文章中的位置不同，所起的作用也不同。命题人之所以采
用段首、段中和段尾三种挖空方式，正是利用挖空位置的暗示作用和
挖空上下文的提示作用来考查学生的逻辑思维能力。通常情况下，空
格位置与句子类型有以下规律：
空格位置 句子类型
段首 主题句（概括段落中心）或过渡句（承接上文，引出下文）
段中 细节句（细节支撑，如举例、解释等）或过渡句（逻辑衔接，如转折、递进等）
段尾 总结句（即主旨句，概括段落内容）或过渡句（引出下
一段）
【典例】　（2025·全国一卷节选）
　　Murphy gets up at a quarter to five and drives thirty minutes every
day to get to work on time.38. 　　 “I do so because I like to make
coffee for the students.I know they need it in the morning，” Murphy
said.Being a mother and wife has helped her become the woman she
is.She believes she is here to serve.
A. The cafe closes at 9 pm every day.
B. She has two children aged eight and four.
C. Sometimes she arrives early to serve the students early.
D. After finishing an order， she calls out the name on the cup.
E. Not only does this cafe serve up drinks， it also serves up smiles.
F. Going to the cafe starts her day off good and gets her ready for class.
G. She has served here for 17 years and can’t imagine working anywhere
else.
解题思路：第38题设空在段中，通常考查细节句或过渡句。根据空前
一句可知，Murphy每天早起并准时上班。空处后引用Murphy的话解
释她这么做的原因。由此可知，空处可能补充Murphy的工作细节，故
C项（有时她提前到岗以提前服务学生）符合语境。本题属于对细节
句的考查。
正确答案：　C　
NO.4 句式一致意识
　　如果题目设在段落标题处，学生可以通过其他段落的小标题的句
式来缩小选择范围。如果其他段落的小标题是祈使句，本段标题也应
该是祈使句；如果其他段落的小标题是名词短语，本段标题也应该是
名词短语。缩小选择范围之后，再依据段落内容来锁定答案。
【典例】　（2022·全国乙卷节选）
　　Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health.Here are
five ways to sustain （保持） long-distance friendships.
·Set a regular date
　　Long-lasting friendships share the characteristic that both sides
equally contact （联系） and share with one another.With busy
schedules， squeezing in phone calls can be a challenge.36.（D. Try to
find a time that works for both of you and stick to it）.
·More isn’t always merrier
Make sure you have communicated with your friend about how
frequently each of you wants to be contacted and what method works best
for you both.37.（E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods
of communication）.There are alternatives to constant written
communication， such as leaving voice messages or having a group chat.
·Practise empathy （共情）
38. （G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left
behind）.The friend who is remaining needs to be sensitive to all the
additional time demands placed on the friend who has moved.The one in
the new environment should be sympathetic to the fact that your friend
may feel abandoned.
·39. 　　
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long-distance
friendships.Although technology might make day-to-day communication
possible， extra effort goes a long way on special days.Simply keeping a
diary that keeps track of friends’ birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
A. Remember important dates
B. Compensate by writing letters
C. It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D. Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E. Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F. It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G. You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
解题思路：第39题考查对段落小标题的选择。分析文章结构和空处所
在的位置可知，空处是本段的小标题。观察其他小标题可知，句式类
型应为祈使句。又因D项已经被选择，故选择范围可缩小至A项和B
项。通读本段的内容可知，本段主要介绍在远距离的友谊中，纪念日
和生日的分量是更重的。anniversaries和birthdays对每一个人来说都是
重要的日子，因此A项（记住重要的日期）最适合作本段的小标题。
正确答案：　A　
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