人教版(2024)八年级下册英语Unit 2 Stay Healthy 单元知识导学案课件

资源下载
  1. 二一教育资源

人教版(2024)八年级下册英语Unit 2 Stay Healthy 单元知识导学案课件

资源简介

(共44张PPT)
人教版八年级下册英语
Unit 2 Stay Healthy
单元知识导学案
2026
CONTENTS
目录
01
重要词汇解析(词形变换)
02
重点短语(必背+语境用法)
03
核心语法
(精讲+练习题)
06
重点句型
(写作必备)
04
单元知识框架总结(思维导图)
05
书面表达(范文+句型+搭配)
重要词汇解析(词形变换)
01
动词词形变换
1. press
词形变换:
press v. 压;按 → pressure n. 压力;压迫 → pressed adj. 紧迫的;受压的
例句:She pressed the button to start the machine.
(她按下按钮启动机器。)
2. avoid
词形变换:
avoid v. 避免 → avoidance n. 避免;回避 → avoidable adj. 可避免的
例句:You should avoid eating too much sugar.(你应该避免吃太多糖。)
3. suffer
词形变换:
suffer v. 受苦;遭受 → suffering n. 痛苦;苦难 → sufferer n. 受害者;患者
例句:He suffered from a bad cold last week.(他上周患了重感冒。)
动词词形变换
4. burn
词形变换:burn v. 燃烧(burnt/burnt) → burning adj. 燃烧的 → burnt adj. 烧焦的
例句:The fire burned the house down.(大火烧毁了房子。)
5. throw
词形变换:throw v. 扔;抛(threw/thrown) → throw n. 投掷;抛
例句:He threw the ball to his friend.(他把球扔给了朋友。)
6. bleed
词形变换:bleed v. 流血(bled/bled) → blood n. 血液 → bleeding adj. 流血的
例句:My knee bled when I fell.(我摔倒时膝盖流血了。)
动词词形变换
7. cross
词形变换:
cross v. 穿越 → crossing n. 十字路口;交叉处 → cross adj. 交叉的;生气的
例句:She crossed the street carefully.(她小心地穿过街道。)
8. fry
词形变换:
fry v. 油炸 → frying n. 油炸
→ fryer n. 油炸锅
例句:My mom fries eggs for breakfast.
(我妈妈早餐煎鸡蛋。)
9. lie
词形变换:
lie v. 平躺(lay/lain) →
lying adj. 说谎的;n. 说谎
例句:He lies on the bed to rest.(他躺在床上休息。)
动词词形变换
10. check
词形变换:check v. 检查 → checker n. 检验员
例句:The doctor checked my heart.
(医生检查了我的心脏。)
11. illness
词形变换:illness n. 疾病 → ill adj. 生病的;坏的
例句:She missed school because of illness.
(她因病缺课。)
12. injury
词形变换:injury n. 伤害 → injure v. 伤害 → injured adj. 受伤的
例句:He got an injury in the accident.
(他在事故中受伤了。)
名词词形变换
13. description
词形变换:description n. 描写 → describe v. 描述 → descriptive adj. 描述性的
例句:Can you give a description of the thief
(你能描述一下那个小偷吗?)
14. safety
词形变换:safety n. 安全 → safe adj. 安全的 → safely adv. 安全地
例句:Safety is important in the lab.
(实验室里安全很重要。)
15. extinguisher
词形变换:extinguisher n. 灭火器 → extinguish v. 熄灭;扑灭
例句:Use a fire extinguisher to put out small fires.
(用灭火器扑灭小火。)
名词/形容词词形变换
词形变换:pain n. 疼痛 → painful adj. 疼痛的;令人痛苦的
例句:I feel a pain in my back.(我后背疼。)
词形变换:careless adj. 粗心的 → carelessness n. 粗心 → careful adj. 仔细的(反义)→ care n. 关心
例句:He made a mistake because he was careless.
(他因为粗心犯了错误。)
词形变换:patient adj. 有耐心的;n. 病人 → patience n. 耐心 → patiently adv. 耐心地
例句:The nurse is patient with the patients.
(护士对病人很有耐心。)
16. pain
17. careless
18. patient
形容词/副词词形变换
19. harmful
词形变换:harmful adj. 有害的 → harm n.&v. 伤害 → harmless adj. 无害的(反义)
例句:Smoking is harmful to health.(吸烟有害健康。)
20. clear
词形变换:clear adj. 清晰的 → clearly adv. 清晰地 → clarity n. 清晰度
例句:The sky is clear today.(今天天空晴朗。)
21. quick
词形变换:quick adj. 快的 → quickly adv. 迅速地 → quickness n. 敏捷
例句:He gave a quick answer.(他迅速给出了答案。)
形容词/副词词形变换
22. tight
词形变换:tight adj. 紧的;疼痛的 → tightly adv. 紧紧地 → tightness n. 紧密
例句:The door is tight; I can't open it.
(门很紧,我打不开。)
23. nervously
词形变换:nervously adv. 紧张地 → nervous adj. 紧张的 → nervousness n. 紧张
例句:She spoke nervously in front of the class.
(她在全班面前紧张地发言。)
24. luckily
词形变换:luckily adv. 幸运地 → lucky adj. 幸运的 → luck n. 运气
例句:Luckily, no one was hurt in the accident.
(幸运的是,事故中没有人受伤。)
形容词/副词词形变换
25. sadly
词形变换:sadly adv. 伤心地 → sad adj. 悲伤的 → sadness n. 悲伤
例句:She shook her head sadly.(她伤心地摇了摇头。)
26. badly
词形变换:badly adv. 严重地 → bad adj. 坏的(比较级:worse;最高级:worst)
例句:He did badly in the exam.(他考试考得不好。)
重点短语(必背用法)
02
重点短语(必背用法)
1. take a seat
含义:坐下
例句:Please take a seat and wait for the doctor.
(请坐下等待医生。)
2. take one's temperature
含义:给某人量体温
例句:The nurse took my temperature before the examination.
(护士在检查前给我量了体温。)
3. suffer from
含义:受苦;受折磨
例句:He suffers from a headache every morning.(他每天早上都受头痛折磨。)
重点短语(必背用法)
04
4. stop...from doing sth.
含义:防止……做某事(同义短语:prevent...from doing sth.)
例句:We should stop children from playing with fire.(我们应该阻止孩子们玩火。)
05
5. catch fire
含义:着火(不及物短语,无被动语态)
例句:The old house caught fire in the middle of the night.(那栋老房子半夜着火了。)
06
6. on fire
含义:着火;起火(表状态)
例句:The building was on fire when the firemen arrived.(消防员到达时大楼正在着火。)
重点短语(必背用法)
7. turn on
含义:接通(电流、煤气等);打开(对应短语:turn off 关闭)
例句:Please turn on the light, it's too dark here.
(请打开灯,这里太暗了。)
8. be about to
含义:即将;正要(后接动词原形,常与when连用)
例句:I was about to leave when the phone rang.
(我正要离开,电话响了。)
9. stop short
含义:突然停住
例句:She stopped short when she saw the snake in the grass.(她看到草丛里的蛇时突然停住了。)
重点短语(必背用法)
10. first aid
含义:急救
例句:Everyone should learn basic first aid skills.
(每个人都应该学习基本的急救技能。)
11. lie down
含义:平躺;平卧(表动作)
例句:You should lie down and rest if you feel tired.
(如果你觉得累了,应该躺下休息。)
12. from now on
含义:从现在起(用于一般将来时)
例句:From now on, I will exercise every morning.(从现在起,我会每天早上锻炼。)
重点短语(必背用法)
13. what's more
含义:更重要的是(递进关系连接词)
例句:He is good at English, and what's more, he speaks French fluently.
(他擅长英语,更重要的是,他法语说得很流利。)
14. eat out
含义:上馆子吃饭;在外用餐
例句:We usually eat out on weekends with our family.
(我们周末通常和家人出去吃饭。)
核心语法(精讲+练习题)
03
1. 情态动词should/shouldn't/could表建议
【情态动词的语气及使用场景】
should:表“应该”,语气直接、肯定,强调建议的合理性和义务性,常用于医生提建议、日常忠告等场景
shouldn't:表“不应该”,否定形式,语气强烈,明确禁止或不推荐某种行为
could:表“可以”,语气委婉、客气,侧重提供可选性建议,给对方留选择空间,比should更礼貌
共性用法
后接动词原形,无三单变化,否定形式直接在词后加not(could not可缩写为couldn't)
例句
You should see a doctor if you have a fever.(如果你发烧了,你应该去看医生。)
You shouldn't eat too much spicy food.
(你不应该吃太多辛辣食物。)
You could drink some hot water.
(你可以喝点热水。)
1. 情态动词should/shouldn't/could表建议
场景拓展例句
She could ask her teacher for help with her health problem.
(她可以向老师求助自己的健康问题。)
We should wash our hands often to stop the virus from spreading.
(我们应该勤洗手,防止病毒传播。)
You could go for a walk after dinner.
(晚饭后你可以去散步。)
You should go to bed early.(你应该早点睡觉。)
易错点警示
错误:He should takes some medicine.
(情态动词后接动词原形,无三单)
正确:He should take some medicine.
【针对性练习题】
( )1. You ______ go to bed late. It's bad for your health.
A. should B. shouldn't C. could D. might
( )2. — My throat hurts badly. — You ______ drink some honey water. It's helpful.
A. could B. would C. must D. need
( )3. We ______ take exercise every day to keep healthy.
A. should B. could C. can't D. shouldn't
1. B 解析:由“对健康有害”可知此处为否定建议,shouldn't表“不应该”,符合语境。
2. A 解析:此处为委婉提供建议,could表“可以”,语气客气,符合对话场景;must语气太强硬,need需加to。
3. A 解析:“每天锻炼保持健康”是义务性建议,should表“应该”,符合逻辑。
2. 反身代词(oneself/oneselves)
01
构成规则
由人称代词加后缀-self(单数)/selves(复数)构成,需与主语在人称、数上保持一致。
单数:myself(我自己)、yourself(你自己)、himself(他自己)、herself(她自己)、itself(它自己)
复数:ourselves(我们自己)、yourselves(你们自己)、themselves(他们/她们/它们自己)
02
核心用法
作宾语:动作承受者与主语为同一人
常见搭配:hurt oneself、teach oneself、by oneself.
作同位语:加强语气,表“亲自”,可置于主语后或句末。
作表语:用于“be动词+反身代词”结构,表主语状态。
2. 反身代词(oneself/oneselves)【例句】
例句
I hurt myself when I fell off my bike.
(我从自行车上摔下来伤了自己。)
—— 作宾语
He taught himself French last year.(他去年自学了法语。)
—— 作宾语,搭配teach oneself
I did the homework myself.(我亲自完成了作业。)
—— 作同位语,加强语气
She isn't feeling herself today.
(她今天感觉不太舒服。)
—— 作表语,表身体状态
They enjoyed themselves at the party.
(他们在派对上玩得很开心。)
—— 固定搭配enjoy oneself
2. 反身代词(oneself/oneselves):【易错点】
易错点警示
错误 :Myself finished the work.
(反身代词不能单独作主语)
正确 :I finished the work myself.
错误 :He hurt him.
(动作承受者与主语一致,需用反身代词)
正确 :He hurt himself.
2. 反身代词(oneself/oneselves):【针对性练习题】
( )1. The little girl can dress ______ now.
A. her B. herself C. she D. hers
B 解析:主语the little girl与宾语为同一人,需用反身代词herself,dress oneself表“自己穿衣”。
( )2. We should learn to protect ______ from danger
A. ourselves B. our C. us D. we
A 解析:主语we对应的反身代词为ourselves,protect oneself from danger表“保护自己免受危险”。
( )3. He made a model plane by ______
A. he B. him C. himself D. his
C 解析:by oneself为固定搭配,表“独自”,主语he对应的反身代词为himself。
3. 高频词辨析(语法拓展)
ache vs. pain
ache:多指身体局部持续性隐痛(如headache、stomachache),仅作名词
pain:可指身体各部位疼痛,也可指精神痛苦,可作名词或动词,范围更广
例句
My tooth aches.(我的牙齿痛。)
She felt great pain after the accident.
(事故后她感到巨大的痛苦。)
He has a headache.(他头痛。)
The pain in his leg is getting worse.
(他腿上的疼痛越来越严重。)
3. 高频词辨析(语法拓展)
hurt vs. injure
hurt:侧重轻微受伤或身体疼痛(如hurt one's leg),可作动词或形容词
injure:侧重意外事故导致的较严重损伤(如injure in a car accident),仅作动词
例句
I hurt my knee when I fell.
(我摔倒时伤了膝盖。)
He was injured in a car accident.
(他在车祸中受伤了。)
My head hurts.(我头痛。)
The player injured his arm during the game.(那个运动员在比赛中伤了手臂。)
同步练习题(综合巩固)
词汇填空(用所给词适当形式填空)
1)He fell off his bike and ______ (bleed) badly yesterday.
2)We should avoid ______ (eat) too much fried food.
3)The little girl hurt ______ (she) when playing with a knife.
4)Smoking is ______ (harm) to our health.
答案:bled
解析:根据时间状语yesterday(昨天)可知用一般过去时,bleed的过去式为不规则变化bled。
答案:eating
解析:avoid后接动名词作宾语,固定搭配avoid doing sth.(避免做某事)。
答案:herself
解析:主语the little girl与宾语为同一人,需用反身代词herself(她自己)。
答案:harmful
解析:be动词后接形容词作表语,harm的形容词形式为harmful(有害的)。
同步练习题(综合巩固)
5)He walked ______ (nervous) into the doctor's office
答案:nervously
解析:修饰动词walked需用副词,nervous的副词形式为nervously(紧张地)。
( )6)You ______ take more rest if you have a fever
A. should B. could C. would D. might
答案:A
解析:考查情态动词should表建议,句意为"如果你发烧了,应该多休息",should表示"应该"符合语境。
( )7)She ______ hurt herself. She is too careless
A. should B. shouldn't C. may D. mustn't
答案:C
解析:考查情态动词may表推测,句意为"她可能会伤到自己,她太粗心了",may表示"可能"符合逻辑。
( )8)They finished the work by ______
A. them B. themselves C. their D. theirs
答案:B
解析:考查反身代词,by oneself为固定搭配表示"独自",主语they对应反身代词themselves。
句型转换
9)You should drink more water.(改为否定句)
You ______ ______ more water
10)My head hurts.(改为同义句)
I ______ a ______
同步练习题(综合巩固)
答案:shouldn't drink
解析:原句含情态动词should,否定形式直接在should后加not,缩写为shouldn't,动词drink保持原形。
答案:have;headache
解析:"My head hurts."(我头痛)的同义表达为"I have a headache.",have a headache为固定短语。
重点句型(写作必备)
04
询问健康状况
What's wrong / What's the matter with you
你怎么了?
How are you feeling now
你现在感觉怎么样
描述健康问题
I have a fever/sore throat.
我发烧/喉咙痛。
My back hurts. / I'm suffering from a headache.
我背痛/正头痛。
You should/shouldn't + 动词原形.
你应该/不应该……
You'd better + 动词原形.
你最好做……
给出建议
书面表达
(范文+句型+搭配)
05
书面表达(范文+句型+搭配)
题目
假设你是李华,你的英国笔友Tom来信说他最近经常胃痛,影响了学习和生活。
请你根据本单元知识,给他写一封回信,告诉他可能的原因,并给出具体建议,鼓励他早日康复。
词数80-100,语句通顺,语法正确,不含真实姓名和校名。
写作思路
开头:表达关心,回应对方胃痛的问题
结尾:表达祝福,希望对方早日康复。
中间:胃痛原因及建议。
分析可能原因(饮食不规律、吃太多垃圾食品等),给出2-3条具体建议(看医生、调整饮食、休息等)。
高分句型/句式+短语搭配(必背)
I'm sorry to hear that you have been suffering from stomachache recently.
很遗憾听到您最近一直胃痛。
(用现在完成进行时,强调持续状态,高分)
I'm concerned about your health because the stomachache has influenced your study and daily life.
我担心你的健康,因为胃痛已经影响到了你的学习和日常生活。
(be concerned about 比be sorry更高级)
1. 开头关心类
高分句型/句式+短语搭配(必背)
2. 原因分析类
Maybe the problem lies in your irregular eating habits or eating too much junk food.
也许问题出在你不规律的饮食习惯或者吃了太多垃圾食品上。
(lie in 表“在于”,替代because)
Another possible reason is that you often eat out and the food is not good for your stomach.
另一个可能的原因是,你经常外出就餐,而那些食物对你的胃不太好。
(that引导表语从句,句式丰富)
3. 建议表达类
You are supposed to see a dentist and take some medicine as soon as possible.
你应该尽快去看牙医并服用一些药物。
(be supposed to 替代should,高级)
It's a good idea to eat more fresh vegetables and fruits instead of spicy or fried food.
多吃新鲜的蔬菜和水果是个好主意,而不是吃辛辣或油炸的食物。
(instead of 替代avoid,句式灵活)
高分句型/句式+短语搭配(必背)
3. 建议表达类
4. 结尾祝福类
I hope my suggestions will be helpful and you will recover soon.
我希望我的建议能对你有所帮助,也希望你能早日康复。(recover 替代feel better,高级词汇)
Looking forward to hearing that you are in good health again.
期待听到你身体又恢复健康的消息。(期待式结尾,比简单祝福更得体)
You'd better develop a habit of going to bed early and not staying up late.
你最好养成早睡的习惯,不要熬夜。(develop a habit of 高分短语,表“养成习惯”)
What's more, you should drink warm water every day to protect your stomach.
此外,您每天应该喝温水以保护您的胃。(what's more 递进连接,逻辑清晰)
高分句型/句式+短语搭配(必背)
胃痛应对方法总结
suffer from stomachache(患胃痛)、take one's temperature(量体温)
lie down and rest(躺下休息)、avoid spicy food(避免辛辣食物)
develop healthy eating habits(养成健康的饮食习惯)
protect...from...(保护……免受……)
stop...from spreading(阻止……传播)
高分句型/句式+短语搭配(必背)
Dear Tom
I'm concerned about your health because you have been suffering from stomachache recently and it has influenced your study and daily life.Maybe the problem lies in your irregular eating habits or eating too much junk food.
Here are my suggestions for you. First, you are supposed to see a doctor and take some medicine as soon as possible.Second,it's a good idea to eat more fresh vegetables and fruits instead of spicy or fried food.What's more, you'd better develop a habit of going to bed early and not staying up late.
I hope my suggestions will be helpful and you will recover soon. Looking forward to hearing good news from you.
Yours,
Li Hua
单元知识框架总结
(思维导图)
06
核心主题:Stay Healthy(保持健康)
THE END
谢谢

展开更多......

收起↑

资源预览