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Unit 4 The Wonders of Nature 核心语法：宾语从句&定语从句
一、语法精讲
语法点一：宾语从句（核心考点，贴合自然奇观描述场景）
1. 核心概念
宾语从句是在句中作宾语的从句，常跟在动词（say、know、think等）、介词后，用于表达对自然奇观的观点、认知、疑问等。本单元重点掌握三大要素：连接词、时态呼应、陈述句语序，确保语义准确传达。
例：
We all know that the Grand Canyon is a great natural wonder.（陈述句作宾语，表认知）；
She asked if the waterfall is the highest in the world.（一般疑问句作宾语，表疑问）；
③ Do you know how these rocks formed （特殊疑问句作宾语，表探究）。
2. 宾语从句三大要素
连接词 1. that（陈述句，可省略）；2. if/whether（一般疑问句，“是否”）；3. 特殊疑问词（what/when/how等，特殊疑问句） 【2025年河南中考】Scientists think that the Great Barrier Reef is in danger.
时态呼应 1. 主句现在时，从句任意时态；2. 主句过去时，从句用相应过去时态（真理不变用一般现在时） 【2025年江苏苏州中考模拟】He said he had visited the Yellow Mountain twice.
语序 无论原句是疑问句还是陈述句，从句均用“连接词+主语+谓语”陈述句语序 【2025年浙江杭州中考】Could you tell me where the natural cave is （不可说where is the natural cave）
3. 关键用法（易错点突破）
if与whether辨析：两者均可表“是否”，但whether可与or not连用、作介词宾语，if不可，如I don't know whether he will come or not.（不可用if）。
例：【2025年湖北武汉中考】She wondered whether the natural wonder was worth visiting.
语序误区：特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，需将疑问语序改为陈述语序，如How old is he →I don't know how old he is.（不可保留疑问语序）。
真理时态不变：主句过去时，从句表客观真理、自然规律，仍用一般现在时，如He told me that the earth goes around the sun.
语法点二：定语从句
1. 核心概念
定语从句是在句中作定语的从句，修饰前面的名词/代词（先行词），本单元重点掌握关系代词that/which的用法，用于修饰自然事物（如mountain、river、wonder等），使句子更简洁，贴合自然奇观描述。
例：
This is the mountain that/which we visited last summer.（修饰先行词mountain，指物，that/which可互换）；
② The river which/that runs through the forest is very clear.（修饰先行词river，指物，在从句中作主语）。
2. 关系代词that/which用法对比
that 修饰人或物 作主语、宾语（宾语可省略） 【2025年安徽中考】The natural wonder that we saw yesterday is amazing.
which 仅修饰物 作主语、宾语（宾语可省略） 【2025年湖南长沙中考模拟】We visited a waterfall which is famous in our province.
易错提醒：1. 关系代词在从句中作主语时，不可省略，如The tree that stands by the river is very tall.（that作主语，不能省略）；2. 先行词为物时，避免重复修饰，如不可说The book which is on the desk, it is mine.（需去掉it）。
二、语法综合练习
（一）单项选择
【2025年河南中考】I know ______ the Great Wall is one of the greatest natural wonders in the world.（ ）
A. that B. if C. whether D. what
【2025年陕西中考模拟】She asked me ______ I had ever seen the Three Gorges.（ ）
A. that B. if C. what D. how long
【2025年四川成都中考】This is the river ______ runs through our town. It's very beautiful.（ ）
A. who B. that C. whom D. whose
【2025年福建福州中考模拟】Could you tell me ______ we can get to the natural park （ ）
A. how B. what C. that D. if
【2025年湖北襄阳中考】He told us that the sun ______ around the earth.（ ）
A. go B. goes C. went D. will go
【2025年江苏南京中考】The natural cave ______ we visited last week is over 1,000 years old.（ ）
A. which B. who C. whom D. whose
【2025年山东青岛中考模拟】I don't know ______ he will come to the nature party tomorrow.（ ）
A. that B. if C. what D. where
【2025年浙江宁波中考】The mountain ______ is covered with snow all year round is very famous.（ ）
A. which B. who C. whom D. what
【2025年江西中考】She didn't tell me ______ she bought the book about natural wonders.（ ）
A. when B. that C. if D. whether
【2025年云南昆明中考模拟】Do you know ______ the Great Barrier Reef is located （ ）
A. what B. when C. where D. that
（二）用所给词的适当形式填空
【2025年广东广州中考】Scientists say that the number of natural wonders ______ (be) decreasing.
【2025年甘肃兰州中考】This is the waterfall ______ (that/which) we talked about yesterday.
【2025年山西中考模拟】I wonder if he ______ (visit) the natural reserve tomorrow.
【2025年贵州贵阳中考】He told me that he ______ (see) a rare bird in the forest last week.
【2025年海南海口中考模拟】The tree ______ (that/which) stands by the lake is over 200 years old.
【2025年辽宁沈阳中考】Could you tell me how long it ______ (take) to get to the natural hot spring
【2025年青海西宁中考模拟】She asked me whether I ______ (like) the natural scenery here.
【2025年湖北武汉中考】The natural wonder ______ (that/which) we saw last month is in Hunan Province.
【2025年江苏苏州中考】I don't know what ______ (happen) to the natural park last night.
【2025年安徽中考模拟】He said that he ______ (go) to the natural museum with his family next weekend.
（三）补全对话（2篇）
对话1（场景：谈论自然奇观旅行计划）
备选词：that, if, where, which, will visit
A: Do you know ______ the Yellow Mountain is
B: Yes, it's in Anhui Province. It's a famous natural wonder.
A: I plan to visit it next month. Can you tell me ______ it's worth visiting
B: Of course. I'm sure ______ you will love it. I have a friend ______ visited it last year.
A: Great! Do you know when we ______ the best view there
对话2（场景：分享自然奇观见闻）
备选词：that, which, saw, if, had seen
A: I went to Zhangjiajie last week. The natural scenery there is amazing.
B: Really Tell me about the place ______ you liked most.
A: It's the quartz sandstone peak forest. I told my family ______ it was like a fairyland.
B: I heard of it. Did you ask the guide ______ there are any rare plants
A: Yes. He said there are many. He also showed me some photos he ______ before.
B: Wow! I hope I can go there one day.
（四）按要求改写句子
1. The Great Wall is a great natural wonder.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
We all know ______ the Great Wall ______ a great natural wonder.
2. This is the natural cave. We visited it last year.（合并为含定语从句的复合句）
This is the natural cave ______ we ______ last year.
3. Where is the Three Gorges （改为含宾语从句的复合句）
Could you tell me ______ the Three Gorges ______
4. He saw a beautiful waterfall yesterday.（改为含宾语从句的复合句）
He told me that he ______ a beautiful waterfall ______.
5. The river runs through the forest. It is very clear.（合并为含定语从句的复合句）
The river ______ ______ through the forest is very clear.
6. Will she visit the natural reserve tomorrow （改为含宾语从句的复合句）
I wonder ______ she ______ visit the natural reserve tomorrow.
7. The sun rises in the east.（改为含宾语从句的复合句，主句用过去时）
He told me that the sun ______ in the east.
8. This is the mountain. We climbed it last summer.（合并为含定语从句的复合句）
This is the mountain ______ we ______ last summer.
9. How long does it take to get to the natural park （改为含宾语从句的复合句）
She asked me how long it ______ to get to the natural park.
10. The natural wonder is very famous. It is in Yunnan.（合并为含定语从句的复合句）
The natural wonder ______ ______ in Yunnan is very famous.
三、答案与详细解析
（一）单项选择
A 解析：从句为陈述句，表确定认知，用连接词that，可省略。【2025河南中考考点：宾语从句连接词that用法】
B 解析：从句表“是否去过三峡”，是一般疑问句，用连接词if。【2025陕西模拟考点：宾语从句连接词if用法】
B 解析：先行词the river为物，从句中作主语，用关系代词that。【2025成都中考考点：定语从句关系代词that用法】
A 解析：从句表“如何到达自然公园”，是特殊疑问句，用连接词how，符合语境。【2025福州模拟考点：宾语从句连接词how用法】
B 解析：从句表“地球绕太阳转”，是客观真理，主句过去时，从句仍用一般现在时，sun为单数，用goes。【2025襄阳中考考点：宾语从句真理时态不变】
A 解析：先行词the natural cave为物，从句中作宾语，用关系代词which。【2025南京中考考点：定语从句关系代词which用法】
B 解析：从句表“他明天是否来自然派对”，是一般疑问句，用连接词if。【2025青岛模拟考点：宾语从句连接词if用法】
A 解析：先行词the mountain为物，从句中作主语，用关系代词which。【2025宁波中考考点：定语从句关系代词which用法】
A 解析：从句表“她什么时候买的关于自然奇观的书”，是特殊疑问句，用连接词when。【2025江西中考考点：宾语从句连接词when用法】
C 解析：从句表“大堡礁位于哪里”，是特殊疑问句，用连接词where。【2025昆明模拟考点：宾语从句连接词where用法】
（二）用所给词的适当形式填空
is 解析：宾语从句中，主语the number of...为单数，谓语动词用is，主句现在时，从句用一般现在时。【2025广州中考考点：宾语从句主谓一致】
that/which 解析：先行词the waterfall为物，从句中作宾语，关系代词that/which可互换，也可省略。【2025兰州中考考点：定语从句关系代词省略】
will visit 解析：从句时间状语tomorrow提示一般将来时，主句现在时，从句用相应时态。【2025山西模拟考点：宾语从句时态呼应】
saw 解析：从句时间状语last week提示一般过去时，主句过去时，从句用相应过去时态。【2025贵阳中考考点：宾语从句时态呼应】
that/which 解析：先行词the tree为物，从句中作主语，关系代词that/which不可省略。【2025海口模拟考点：定语从句关系代词作主语】
takes 解析：宾语从句表客观事实，用一般现在时，it为单数，谓语动词用takes。【2025沈阳中考考点：宾语从句一般现在时】
liked 解析：主句过去时，从句用相应过去时态，like的过去式是liked。【2025西宁模拟考点：宾语从句时态呼应】
that/which 解析：先行词the natural wonder为物，从句中作宾语，关系代词that/which可互换或省略。【2025武汉中考考点：定语从句关系代词用法】
happened 解析：从句时间状语last night提示一般过去时，happen的过去式是happened。【2025苏州中考考点：宾语从句一般过去时】
would go 解析：主句过去时，从句时间状语next weekend提示过去将来时，用would go。【2025安徽模拟考点：宾语从句过去将来时】
（三）补全对话
对话1
答案：where; if; that; who/that; will visit
解析：第一空表“黄山在哪里”，用连接词where引导宾语从句；第二空表“是否值得去”，用if；第三空从句为陈述句，用that；第四空先行词a friend指人，用关系代词who/that；第五空tomorrow提示一般将来时，用will visit，贴合自然旅行主题。
对话2
答案：which/that; that; if; had seen
解析：第一空先行词the place指物，用which/that；第二空从句为陈述句，用that；第三空表“是否有稀有植物”，用if；第四空“看照片”发生在“展示”之前，是过去的过去，用过去完成时had seen，呼应自然奇观见闻场景。
（四）按要求改写句子
that; is 解析：合并为宾语从句，从句为陈述句，用that引导，主谓不变。
that/which; visited 解析：合并为定语从句，先行词the natural cave指物，用that/which，从句用一般过去时visited。
where; is 解析：合并为宾语从句，疑问语序改为陈述语序，用where引导，主谓为is。
saw; yesterday 解析：合并为宾语从句，主句过去时，从句用一般过去时saw，保留时间状语yesterday。
which/that; runs 解析：合并为定语从句，先行词the river指物，从句中作主语，用which/that，谓语动词runs用第三人称单数。
if/whether; will 解析：合并为宾语从句，一般疑问句用if/whether引导，保留一般将来时will。
rises 解析：从句为客观真理，用一般现在时rises，不受主句过去时影响。
that/which; climbed 解析：合并为定语从句，先行词the mountain指物，用that/which，从句用一般过去时climbed。
takes 解析：合并为宾语从句，疑问语序改为陈述语序，用一般现在时takes。
which/that; is 解析：合并为定语从句，先行词the natural wonder指物，用which/that，从句用一般现在时is。

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