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(共31张PPT)
Unit 1 Time to Relax
SectionnA (4a-4c)
人教版 八年级下册
语言能力
文化意识
思维品质
学习能力
1. 不定式用法：区分作宾语补足语（补充说明宾语）和目的状语（表动作目的）；
2. 常见动词搭配：tell sb. (not) to do, ask sb. to do, decide to do, want to do, make sb. do（省 to）, let sb. do（省 to）；
3. 句型：主语 + 谓语 + (宾语) + to do / (not) to do / do（省 to）；主语 + 谓语 + to do（表目的）。
1.能准确判断不定式在句中的功能，正确运用不定式形式完成填空练习；
2. 能结合课余活动话题，用不定式造句、完成短文，实现语法知识的灵活运用；
通过分析例句、对比练习，归纳不定式两种功能的用法规律。
运用不定式表达自身的户外活动与家庭时光，培养积极的生活态度和家庭观念。
学习目标
01
Lead in
I need somebody________ Somebody_________
Somebody __________
Somebody __________
It's easy ________
But it's never the same
to heal
to know
to hold
to have
to say
非谓语动词to do
Let’s enjoy a song
I need somebody________ Somebody_________
Somebody __________
Somebody __________
It's easy ________
But it's never the same
to heal
to know
to hold
to have
to say
非谓语动词to do
Read and find
仔细观察这五个句子的结构，有什么相似之处呢？
Infinitive
动词不定式
03
Presentation
Grammar Focus
What do you do in your free time I play the flute to relax.
How did you spend your weekend I went to the sports centre to ice skate.
How did you get into painting I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go.
What did your instructor say She told me not to give up so easily.
What are they
The infinitives
（动词不定式）
开始做某事；进入
试一试某事
Infinitive 动词不定式
定义
概述
用法
动词不定式由to + 动词原形构成（有时可省略to），是非谓语动词的一种，没有人称和数的变化，能在句中作多种成分。
动词不定式的基本形式：to do(有时to可以省略)，否定形式为not to do。
不定式是非谓语动词形式中的一种，可以在句中作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、表语、和状语等。
Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial.
4a
What do you do in your free time I play the flute to relax.
How did you spend your weekend I went to the sports centre to ice skate.
How did you get into painting I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go.
What did your instructor say She told me not to give up so easily.
不定式作宾补
不定式作目的状语
不定式作目的状语
不定式作宾补
句法作用 例句
做主语 To travel around the word is my dream.
做宾语 Do you want to visit the Great Wall？
做宾语补足语 He told me to practice speaking English every day.
作目的状语 To improve my English, I listen to English songs every day.
作定语 相当于形容词，I have a lot of homework to do.
1.作主语:一般位于句首,谓语动词用单数形式。
To speak English well isn’t an easy job.说好英语不是一件容易的事。为了避免句子“头重脚轻”,结构为:It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式。往往用it代替不定式作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式。
例:It’s very important to keep healthy.保持健康是很重要的。
注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
例:It’s very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。
It’s very clever of you to do like that. 你那样做真是太聪明啦。
不定式用法
不定式作动词宾语
1. 基本结构：谓语动词 + to + 动词原形
2. 常见动词：后接不定式作宾语的高频词：
- 想要类：want, hope, wish, would like
- 决定类：decide, plan
- 其他：try, learn, agree, forget, remember
我希望这周末去看《疯狂动物城2》。
I hope to watch Zootopia 2 this weekend.
动词宾语
不定式作宾语补足语
在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。宾语补足语通常位于宾语之后。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。例如：
My father encourages me to play the guitar.
The manager asked him to wait.
The teacher tells the students not to cheat in the exam.
They often tell me not to get close to strangers.
宾语是动作的执行者
Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial.
4a
What do you do in your free time I play the flute to relax.
How did you spend your weekend I went to the sports centre to ice skate.
How did you get into painting I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go.
What did your instructor say She told me not to give up so easily.
不定式作宾补
不定式作宾补
不带to的情况
（1）在使役动词 let，make，have之后作宾语补足语。
My parents let me watch cartoons for 20 minutes every night.
I made Alice change her mind.
My mother often has me clean my bedroom 。
允许、放任（语气温和，无强制性）
迫使、强迫（语气强硬，有强制性）
让、叫、请（语气中性，偏 “安排 / 请求”）
（2）在感官动词（短语）feel，hear，listen to，see，watch，notice，look at 之后作宾语补足语。
I saw her leave half an hour ago.
半小时前我看见她离开了。
She likes to listen to the birds sing in the morning.
她喜欢早上听鸟儿唱歌。
注意：do 强调动作的全过程或经常性
doing强调动作正在进行
（3）help 后的动词不定式可带 to，也可不带 to。
Please help me（to）put up a tent.
请帮助我搭帐篷。
The teacher helped us (to) finish the group project.
老师帮我们完成了小组课题。
一感（feel），
二听（hear，listen to），
三让（have，make，let），
四看（see，watch，notice，look at），
半帮助（help）（即动词不定式在help
后面作宾语补足语时，to可有可无）。
巧记
动词不定式不带to的情况
动词不定式（to do 形式）作目的状语时，用来说明主句动作的目的，翻译时常带有 “为了” 的含义，
动词不定式(短语)作目的状语时,通常放在句末，无需加逗号；也可放在句首，强调目的，需加逗号, 与后面的内容隔开
动词不定式作状语
动词不定式分句具有副词的特性，可在句中作状语。
（1）动词不定式作目的状语
Read the sentences. Decide if each infinitive in bold functions as an object complement or adverbial.
4a
What do you do in your free time I play the flute to relax.
How did you spend your weekend I went to the sports centre to ice skate.
How did you get into painting I saw my mother paint. I decided to give it a go.
What did your instructor say She told me not to give up so easily.
不定式作目的状语
不定式作目的状语
I’m sorry to hear that. 听到那件事我很难过。
常接在作表语的形容词后面。
（2）动词不定式作原因状语
She is too young to go to school.
她太小了，不能上学。
常接用在“too... to”结构中。
（3）动词不定式作结果状语
1. A: Thanks for your advice! It made me ________ (decide)
to try skiing.
B: You're welcome. Try __________ (forget) your fears and
have fun!
2. A: My cousin often asks me ________ (fly) kites with her
when it's windy.
B: That sounds fun! I'd love to watch you _______ (fly)
kites sometime.
decide
to forget
to fly
fly
4b
Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
“Thanks for + 名词 /动名词”意为“感谢……”，
for后面接感谢的原因或对象。
用来回答“Thank you.”。
A: I love to watch kung fu movies _________(relax).
B: Really When I want __________(relax), I watch
animal videos.
A: My parents told me ___________(not push) myself
too hard.
B: Yes, it’s important _____________(not forget) to
relax once in a while.
3.
4.
to relax
to relax
not to push
not to forget
1.A:Thanks for your advice!It made me ___________(decide)to try skiing.
B:You're welcome.Try____________(forget)your fears and have fun!
2.A:My cousin often asks me___________(fly)kites with her when it's windy.
B:That sounds fun!I'd love to watch you___________(fly)kites sometime.
3.A:I love to watch kung fu movies____________(relax).
B:Really When I want__________(relax),I watch animal videos.
4.A:My parents told me_____________(not push)myself too hard.
B:Yes,it's important_____________(not forget)to relax once in a while.
decide
to forget
to relax
fly
to fly
to relax
not to push
not to forget
/ k fu / n. 功夫
/p / v. 督促；推
/ma self/ pron. 我自己
偶尔地；间或
make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
try to do sth. 尝试做某事
ask sb. to do sth.要求某人做某事
watch sb. do sth.看某人做某事
用动词不定式 “to relax”作目的状语
want to do sth. 想要做某事
tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事
动词不定式作主语
Complete the passage with the infinitive forms of the verbs in the box. What do you usually do outdoors
4c
My twin brother and I look alike, but we are so different. I love sport, and I often meet my friends _______football and tennis. My brother joined us to play football once or twice, but he decided _________ after that. He doesn’t like sportvery much! Instead, he likes __________at home and ________ movies, ________ to music, and ______ with friends online. Our parents were worried about him staying home too much. They also wanted us _________ more time together as a family. So, now they let us ______ our favourite activities on Saturdays, but on Sundays, we go on a family outing together!
(not) come do listen play spend stay watch
to play
not to come
to stay
to watch
to chat
to listen
do
to spend
动词不定式
形式：to+动词原形（to有时省略） 否定：not to+动词原形
没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语
概述
用法
作宾语
作宾补
作目的状语
作主语
to 的省略
疑问词+不定式
常用 it 作形式主语
want, refuse, forget; need, try, learn…
it 作形式宾语
ask, tell, want, teach, wish, help…
可放句首，一般用逗号隔开，也可放句尾
感官动词 + 使役动词
Summary
1. I play the piano ______ relaxed after school.
A. relax B. to relax C. relaxing D. relaxed
2. My teacher told me ______ late for class again.
A. don’t be B. not be C. not to be D. to not be
3. The little girl wants ______ a doctor in the future.
A. be B. to be C. being D. is
4. Let him ______ basketball with us this afternoon.
A. play B. to play C. playing D. plays
5. I decided ______ hiking with my friends next weekend.
A. go B. to go C. going D. goes
Exercise
Basic (必做)
Write down the words, phrases and sentences in this lesson.
Improving(选做)
2.Write 5 sentences with “verb + to do” structure to talk about your hobbies.
Extend (选做)
3.Interview your family member about their hobbies and take notes with infinitives
Homework
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