资源简介

(共59张PPT)
UNIT 5　
LANGUAGES AROUND THE WORLD词汇课
1. billion n.十亿
billionaire亿万富翁
billions of... 数十亿......
millionaire 百万富翁
2. native adj. 出生的；本地的
n.本地人
local 本地的
indigenous 土生土长的
domestic 本国的、国内的
3. native adj. 出生的；本地的
n.本地人
local 本地的
indigenous 土生土长的
domestic 本国的、国内的
重点词汇
4.refer to 指的是;描述;提到;查阅;参考;谈到
·reference n.指称关系;参考;查阅;提到;涉及
[教材原句] Pronouns (it,they,she,etc.) refer to something or somebody mentioned earlier.
归纳拓展
·refer...to...把……提交给……;让(人)参考……
refer to...as...把……称作……
·in/with reference to...关于……;根据……而论
for reference以备查阅;以供参考
make reference to提到;谈及;涉及
以-ence结尾的单词还有：
difference不同，experience经验，evidence证据，audience观众，patience耐心你
温馨提示
①refer为不规则动词,它的过去式和过去分词形式为referred,类似的词还有prefer (preferred),occur (occurred)等。
②“查词典”表达方式有:refer to a dictionary,consult the dictionary和look...up in the dictionary。
[语境运用] 写出下列句子中refer to的含义/完成句子
Why not refer to a dictionary to check the spelling of the word 　　　　
The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech.
　　　　　　　
The word “business” also refers to an organization that offers goods and services.　　　　　　　
查阅
提到
指的是
5. system n.体系；制度；系统
system → systematic (adj. 系统的) → systematically (adv. 系统地)
ecosystem 生态系统
6.despite prep.即使，尽管
1）despite + 名词 / 代词
Despite the heavy rain, the game continued.
2) despite + 动词-ing
Despite having a cold, he went to work.
despite和 in spite of 是可以互换的，意思完全相同，都表示“尽管，虽然”。
7.ups and downs 沉浮；兴衰；荣辱
Every business has its ups and downs. 指事业、经济或情况的起伏
Every couple goes through ups and downs in their relationship.指人际关系中的波折
8. factor n.因素，要素
考点1：
factor=reason=cause
There are many reasons/factors for environmental pollution.
考点二：常考搭配 key factor 关键因素, contributing factor 促成因素
考点三：factor要素=element
9.based adj.以(某事)为基础的;以……为重要部分(或特征)的
·base vt.以……为据点;以……为基础 n.底部;根据;基础
·basic adj.基本的;基础的
·basically adv.基本地
·basis n.基础
[教材原句] At the beginning,written Chinese was a picture-based language.
汉字在最初是一种以图形为基础的语言。
归纳拓展
·be based on/upon以……为基础/依据
·base...on/upon...以……为……基础
·at the base of...在……底部;在……基础上
·on the basis of...以……为基础
on a daily/regular basis按每天/定期的方式
[语境运用] 语段填空/句式升级/完成句子
Our friendship is 　　　　 on the 　　　　 trust and has a strong
　　　　,which forms the 　　　　 of our mutual support and is
　　　 　 unbreakable.(base)
based
basic
base
basis
basically
(应用文写作之告知信)I am writing to inform you of
(一些基本的餐桌礼仪).
　　　　 (基于中国的传统风俗),you should let the elderly eat first.
some basic table
manners
Based on the traditional customs in
China
10.date back (to...)追溯到
[教材原句] It dates back several thousand years to the use of longgu...
它可以追溯到数千年前使用龙骨的时期……
归纳拓展 ·date back (to)=date from 追溯到……(后接时间点)
go back (to)追溯到……(后接时间段)
·out of date 过时的;陈旧的
up to date最近的;新式的;现代的
·set a date for...确定……的日期
make a date with sb与某人约会/预约
温馨提示
①date back (to)和date from这两个短语常指以现在为起点向前推,通常使用一般现在时,没有进行时态,也没有被动形式。
②date back (to)和date from作后置定语时,常用现在分词形式。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
The Dragon Boat Festival,which 　　　　(date) back to the Warring States Periods,is one of the most important festivals in China.
The White Horse Temple,　　　 　 (date) back to the Eastern Han Dynasty,has a history of more than 1,900 years. 分词短语作定语
dates
dating
(应用文写作之推荐信)我向你强烈推荐的旅游景点是始于公元前7世纪的长城。
→The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is the Great Wall
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(定语从句)
→The tourist attraction I strongly recommend to you is the Great Wall
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　.(现在分词短语作状语)
which dates back to the 7th century B.C.
dating back to the 7th century B.C.
11. bone n.骨头，骨质
bones
12.shell n.壳，壳状物
13.symbol n.符号，象征，标志
symbol → symbolize (v. 象征；代表)
symbol → symbolic (adj. 象征性的；作为象征的)
a symbol of... ...的象征
14.carve vi./vt. 雕刻；开创；开辟
15.dynasty n.朝代，王朝
dynasties
16.major adj.主要的，重要的，大的
n.主修课程，主修学生
v.主修，专门研究
major in+学科“主修于......”
majority 大多数；大部分；多数票 minority 少数
the majority of(......中的大多数） + 不可数名词 + 单数动词
the majority of + 复数可数名词 + 复数动词
The majority of students are in favor of the new plan.（大多数学生支持这项新计划。）
The majority of the work has been finished.
（大部分工作已经完成了。）
17.variety n.(植物、语言等的)变体;异体;多样化
·various adj.不同的;各种各样的 vary vi.变化;不同
[教材原句] ...as it was a time when people were divided geographically,
leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
……这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔,产生了不同方言和汉字变体。
归纳拓展
·a variety of (=varieties of)种类繁多的;各种各样的
·vary from...to...在……到……之间变动
vary with...随……而变化
vary in...在……方面不同
温馨提示
“a variety of/varieties of”修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词,当“a variety of/varieties of +名词”作主语时,谓语动词原则上与它所修饰的名词的数保持一致;“the variety of+复数名词”意为“……的品种”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
Libraries will often hold reading-group sessions targeted to 　 　 (vary) age groups.
Though Tom and Tim are twins,they vary 　　　　 character.
Changes in price normally vary 　　　　 changes of supply and need.
Varieties of books 　　　　 (be) sold at the book fair.
various
in
with
are
(应用文写作之道歉信)　　　　　　　　　　　 　 (由于种种原因),
I can’t go to the bookstore on Sunday with you.
(应用文写作之邀请信)In the course of the Art and Cultural Show,there will be various performances,
　　　　 (从唱歌、跳舞到背诗不等).
For varieties of reasons
varying from singing,dancing to reciting
poems
18.dialect n.地方话，方言
dialects
accent 口音
19.classic adj.传统的；最优秀的，典型的
n.经典作品，名著
classic novel
classic experiment
the classics 古典文学
a classic
经典小说
经典实验
一本名著
20.means n.方式;方法;途径
[教材原句] Written Chinese has also become an important means by which China’s present is connected with its past.
汉字也成为连接中国现在与过去的一个重要媒介。
归纳拓展
by this means通过这种方法
by means of用……办法;借助……手段
by no means绝不;一点也不(位于句首时,句子用部分倒装)
by all means当然行;没问题;一定,务必;尽一切办法
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
　　　　 this means students can get some social experience useful to their future development.
Watching films is regarded as 　　　　 good means of relaxation.
They have tried many means,which 　　　　 (be) of little use.
More than one means 　　　　　　　　 (try) to prevent the air pollution so far.
By
a
are
has been tried
21.regard n.尊重;关注;关心;(pl.regards)问候 vt.把……视为;看待
·regarding prep.关于;至于
·regardless adv.不管怎样;无论如何;不顾
[教材原句] The high regard for the Chinese writing system can be seen in the development of Chinese characters as an art form,known as Chinese calligraphy,which has become an important part of Chinese culture.
中国人对其书写体系推崇备至,这体现在汉字发展为一种艺术形式——书法。书法已经成为中国文化的一个重要组成部分。
归纳拓展
·regard...as...把……看作……;认为……是……
be regarded as...被看作……;被视为……
·with/in regard to关于;至于
as regards 关于;至于
show/give one’s regards to sb代某人向某人问好
·regardless of 不管;不顾
regard作“问候,致意”讲时,总是用复数形式。
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
The giant panda is regarded 　　　　 the symbol of Chengdu.
The government has stated its strong position 　　　 　(regard) the prevention of river pollution.
Give my 　　　　 (regard) to your brother when you see him.
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (我认为这次经历是一堂宝贵的课) that will shape my future decisions.
(读后续写之人物描写) The athlete continued to train hard
　　　　　　　　　 (不顾背疼).
as
regarding
regards
I regard this experience as a valuable lesson
regardless of
the pain in his back
22.character n.文字；符号；角色；品质，特点
characteristic adj. 典型的 n. 特征
characterize v. 以...为特征；描述
build character
23. calligraphy n.书法；书法艺术
calligrapher：书法家
24.global adj.全球的；全世界的
globe n. 地球；球体
globalize v. 全球化
globalization n. 全球化
globally adv. 全球地；全局地
25. affair n.公共事务；事件；关系
foreign affairs 外交事务
private/personal affairs 私事
affair 泛指已发生或必须去做的任何事情或事务，含义较广。“事务”
event 指重要的、有明确起因和结果的“事件”或“活动”（如体育赛事、历史事件）。“事件”
incident 指相对次要的、突发性的“事件”或“事变”，通常指不愉快或异常的事件。“事变，小插曲”
26.appreciate vt. 欣赏，重视，感激，领会
vi.增值
appreciation n.欣赏，重视，感激，领会
appreciative adj.感激的；赞赏的；表示赏识的
appreciable adj.可观的；明显的
I/We would appreciate it if...
We would appreciate it if you could reply as soon as possible.
如果您能尽快回复，我们将不胜感激。
27.specific adj.特定的，明确的，具体的 n.细节 （specifics）
specifically adv. 特别地；明确地
specify v. 明确说明；具体指定
specification n. 规格；明细；说明书
specifically 具体来说，明确地
especially 尤其，特别
particularly 特别，格外（强调从众多个体中挑出）
28.struggle n.& vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗
[教材原句] When I started studying German,it was a struggle.
当我开始学习德语时,这是一场斗争。
归纳拓展
·struggle for 为……而奋斗/斗争
struggle with/against与……做斗争
struggle to do sth努力做某事
struggle to one’s feet挣扎着站起来
·it’s a struggle/difficult for sb to do sth对某人来说做某事真是件难事
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/完成句子
In the dark forest,Jane was frightened but she struggled 　　　　 (keep) calm.
Seeing the dangerous situation,at once they went into action and struggled
　　　 　 the wolf.
(读后续写之动作描写) Despite the serious injury,Lucy
　 (挣扎着站起来) and limped to the entrance.
to keep
against/with
struggled to her
feet
(读后续写之主旨升华) We’d better 　　　　　　　　　　　 (为将来拼搏) rather than regret the past.
struggle for the future
29.tongue n.舌头，语言
mother tongue / native tongue 母语
30.semester n.学期
the spring/fall semester 春/秋季学期
he new semester 新学期
semester “两学期制” 中的一个学期，约15-18周。在北美和中国大学非常普遍。
term 1. “三学期制” 中的一个学期 (英式英语常见)。
2. 泛指任何一个学期，用法更广。
quarter “四学期制” 中的一个学期，约10-12周。多见于北美一些大学。
31.petrol n.汽油
gas
32.subway n.地铁
underground 地铁
33.apartment n.公寓套房
34.pants n.短裤
apartment 美式英语 中表示“公寓”的标准用词。“公寓”
flat 英式英语 中表示“公寓”的标准用词，含义与 apartment 完全相同。“公寓”
dormitory n.宿舍
35. beg vt.祈求；恳求
36.gap n.间隔；开口；差距
generation gap：代沟 (高考高频短语)
bridge/close/narrow the gap：缩小差距
gap year：间隔年
高中毕业后、上大学前的一年休整期
37.equal n.同等的人;相等物 adj.相同的;同样的 vt.与……相等;等于;比得上
·equality n.平等;相等 ·equally adv.同样地;相等地
[教材原句] ...our relationship is close and we’re equals,so I only need a few words to bridge the gap between us.
……这是因为我们关系密切,彼此平等,所以我只需说几个字,就能消除我们之间的距离。
归纳拓展
·be equal to(=be fit for=be qualified for)等于;相当于
be equal to (doing) sth 能胜任(做)某事
·A equals B in sth A在某方面比得上B
·without equal(=have no equal) 无与伦比;无人可比
[语境运用] 写出下列句子中equal的词性及含义/一句多译
Any man will be equal to the task,as long as he is careful.You should give it a try.　　　　　　　
Be positive and cheerful,for your mental health is equal to your physical health.　　　　　　　
Little joy can equal that of a surprising ending when you read stories.
　　　　　　　
Beethoven was a world-famous musician,who had no equal in music.
　　　　　　　
adj.胜任的
adj.同等的
vt.等于,抵得上
n.同等的人
38.demand n.要求;需求 vt.强烈要求;需要 vi.查问
·demanding adj.要求高的;苛求的
[教材原句] But if I’m talking to someone who isn’t very close to me,I must make my request longer — and I must make it a question,not a demand...
但是,如果我是跟不太亲近的人说话,那么我就得把我的请求说得长一些——我得把它变成一个疑问句,而不是一个要求……
归纳拓展
·be in (great) demand (迫切)需求
meet/satisfy one’s demands (for...) 满足某人(对……)的需求
·demand to do sth要求做某事
demand that...(should) do...要求……做……
demand sth of sb向某人要求某物
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/语段填空
Bernard’s popcorn is quite popular,which is 　　　　 great demand in this community.
The increasing demands 　　　　 higher quality products are pushing companies to improve their manufacturing processes.
My demand is that the information referred to in my report
　　　　 (email) to Mr Brown without delay.
in
for
(should) be
emailed
39. vocabulary n.词汇
40.description n.描述；形容
describe v. 描述
descriptive adj. 描写的；描述性的
3.relate vt.联系;讲述
·relation n.关系;联系 related adj.有关的 relationship n.关系;联系
[教材原句] Does each sentence relate to the main idea
每句话都与主旨有关吗
归纳拓展
·relate sth to sb 向某人讲述某事
relate to与……相关;涉及;谈到
·be related to与……有关
·in relation to关于
[语境运用] 句子语法填空/一句多译
The position calls for 　　　　 (relate) experience in the field and good skills at using computers.
What he says bears no　　　　(relate) to what he does.
related
relation
重点句式
be of+抽象名词
▲
[教材原句] That writing system was of great importance in uniting the Chinese people and culture.
这个书写体系对于中国人民与中国文化的统一具有非凡的意义。
归纳拓展
(1)“be of+抽象名词”相当于“be+形容词”,这一结构可以说明主语的性质。常见的抽象名词有importance,value,use,help,benefit,
significance等,这些名词可用great,little,some,any,no,not,much等修饰,用以说明程度。
(2)of+size/colour/height/length/weight/age/shape/quality等表人或物的属性的名词,在句中作表语或定语。
[语境运用] 完成句子
(读后续写之情感描写)When learning that
　　　　 (这没用),I felt a lump in my throat,tears welling up in my eyes.
(应用文写作之投稿)From my point of view,keeping the balance between online learning and our life 　 (非常重要).
(应用文写作之感谢信)The advice you gave us proved to
　　　 　　　　　 (很有价值),without which we couldn’t have achieved our dreams.
it was of no use/it was not
useful
is of great importance/is very important
be of great
value/very valuable
“no matter+特殊疑问词”引导让步状语从句
▲
[教材原句] Even today,no matter where Chinese people live or what dialect they speak,they can all still communicate in writing.
即使在今天,不论住在哪里,也不论说何种方言,中国人都仍能通过书写(文字)进行交流。
例　 (应用文写作之建议信)Please get in touch with me immediately no matter when you have any problems.No matter how busy I am,I will come to help you.
无论何时你有问题,请立即联系我。无论我多忙,我都会过来帮你。
归纳拓展
此句中的“no matter+特殊疑问词”结构在句中作状语,其用法如下:
“no matter+特殊疑问词(what、who、where、when等)” 引导让步状语从句,可放在主句前或主句后,相当于“特殊疑问词+ -ever
(whatever、whoever、wherever、whenever等)”。
whatever/whoever/whenever/wherever/however等还可以引导名词性从句,但此时不能与“no matter+特殊疑问词”互换。
Whatever advice you give me will be of great help to me.
你给我的任何建议都会对我大有帮助。(主语从句)
温馨提示
[语境运用] 句型转换/完成句子
No matter when you need help,I sincerely hope that you can contact me without hesitation.
→　 ,I sincerely hope that you can contact me without hesitation.
Whenever you need help
No matter what difficulties I encounter,I will do my best to overcome them.
→　 I encounter,I will do my best to overcome them.
(应用文写作之人物介绍) 　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 (不管什么时候我不高兴),it is always my friend who cheers me up.
Whatever difficulties
Whenever/No matter when I am unhappy
长难句分析
[教材原句] Over the years,the system developed into different forms, as it was a time when people were divided geographically, leading to many varieties of dialects and characters.
尝试分析:本句是一个主从复合句。句中 为as引导的原因状语从句,该从句中 为when引导的定语从句,先行词是a time; 为现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
自主翻译:在随后的年代里,这一体系发展成不同的形式,这是由于当时中国人居住地域的分隔,产生了不同方言和汉字变体。
[语境运用] 情境写作
(应用文写作之人物介绍) 在接下来的几年里,这位作家创作了许多新奇的故事,因为有很多人喜欢他的书,从而激励他创作更多不同的作品。
In the following years,the writer produced many new amazing stories,
,
.
as there were many people who were fond of his books
inspiring him to
compose more different works

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