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(共35张PPT)
Unit1 Science and Scientists
Reading and Thinking:
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Find out the stages of scientific research
Get information about how John Snow defeated cholera
Talk about the significance and contribution of John’s
work and analyze John Snow’s characters
Learning Objectives
watch a clip and write down the names as many as you can
Memory Test
biology
medicine
agriculture
geology
space engineering
science
Latin: “knowledge”
-ology: “the study of”
Warming-up
What is science
“To raise new questions, new possibilities, to regard old problems from a new angle requires creative imagination and marks real advance in science.”--Albert Einstein
Science can be defined as the process of observing and __________ the world around us. Scientists aim to get __________ through a deciplined set of steps called scientific method.
questioning
knowledge
scientific method
Lead-in
John Snow (1813---1858)
John Snow was born in York on March 15th, 1813, the oldest of nine children.
Activity1：Read for Framework
John Snow Defeats “King Cholera”
Who
How
What
1. Who was John Snow
2. What is King Cholera
3. How did John Snow defeat
King Cholera
The Story of Colera
Read for the main idea and check predictions
Para1
Para 2
Para 4
Para 5
John Snow want to use his knowledge to solve colera.
He needed to prove the second theory was correct.
John began his study by marking on the map & the process.
He finally found out that dirty water was the cause of cholera.
John Snow made great contributions to modern epidemiology.
Para 3
Who
How
What
How
Activity2：Read for Stages
analyze the results
ask a question
collect data
think of a method
find a problem
find supporting evidence
draw a conclusion
Put the seven research stages in order.
Seven stages in scientific research
Phenomenon
two theories
make an investigation
find
other cases
how
Find supporting evidence
Para1
Para2
Para3
Para4
Para5
Find a problem
Make a question
Think of a method
Collect data
Analyse the results
Draw a conclusion
Solutions and significance
1.What’s the effect of Cholera 2.What’s John’s decision
Stage 1 Find a problem
Para.1
Stage 1 Find a problem
Para.1
Cholera causes______diarrhoea, dehydration, and even death. In the eary19th century, when an _______of cholera ______ Europe, millions of people died ____ the disease.
John never lost his _____ to ________ cholera once and for all.
severe
hit
from
outbreak
destroy
desire
What’s the effect of Cholera
What’s John’s decision
Stage 1 Find a problem
Para.1
Cholera
It's one of ________________________ in the world, because it causes _______________________________.
_______________________(when), an outbreak of cholera hit _______ milions of people ______________________.
However, he had a desire to __________________ once and for all.
Snow
He rose to become _________________ , and even _______________ Queen Victoria when she gave birth..
Snow became ________ because no one knew _________________.
the most feared diseases
severe diarrhoea and dehydration
In the early 19th century
Europe
died from the disease
“King Cholera”
frustrated
how to prevent or
treat cholera
a famous doctor
attended to
destroy cholera
Though being famous, he was still devoted to defeating “King Cholera”
Stage 2 Ask a question
Para.2
contradictory
to agree with or support an opinion, a theory, etc.
proof
subscribe to
1.What are the two theories Which theory did John Snow think was reasonable
2.What did John Snow ready to do when another outbreak hit London in 1854
Stage 3 Think of a method
Para.2
1.What are the two theories Which theory did John Snow think was reasonable
2.What did John Snow ready to do when another outbreak hit London in 1854
investigate
determined
to carefully examine the facts or find out the truth or how it happened
Para.2
3. What did John Snow ready to do when another outbreak hit London in 1854
Snow began to investigate.(调查法) He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why.
1. What happened in 1854
2. How many people died in 10 days
Cholera outbreak hit London.
500
Stage 3 Think of a method
Para.3
Stage 3 Think of a method
mark
exact
Stage 4 Collect data
Para.3
Stage 5 Analyze the results
Para.3
multiple
However
no deaths
the water pump was to blame
suspect
Stage 5 Analyze the results
Para.3
A map of Broad Street
Broad Street
Many deaths happened here.
No death happened here.
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
Pub
Stage 6 Find supporting evidence
Para.3
What’s more
Para.3
Stage 7 Draw a conclusion
As a result of this evidence,...
announce
How does cholera spread
1. Find a problem
John Snow’s hypothesis(猜想)
Why was cholera severer in 2 streets
...began marking on the map
2. Ask a question
3. Think of a method
many death near the pump
some households no death
John Snow suspected the water was to blame
4. collect data
5. analyse results
a case of death away from Broad Street.
6. Find supporting evidence
was able to announce that...
7. draw a conclusion
Activity3：Read for Map
What kind of map is it
What does “-” mean
What does “PH” mean
Where is the pump
1.How did John Snow further confirm that cholera was spread by germs
2. What’s the conclusion of John’s research
Activity4：Read for Truth of the Infection of Cholera
Para.4
1. How did John Snow further confirm that cholera was spread by germs
2. What’s the conclusion of John’s research
3.How were people infected with the virus of cholera
Moreover, Snow was later able to show a link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London.
The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste. Some companies sold water from the River Thames that was polluted by raw waste.
The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.
1.What’s the solution of the problem
2.What is the significance of Snow’s tireless effort
Activity5：Read for Solutions and Significance
Para.5
Read Para 5 carefully and fill in the blanks.
The result:
Through Snow’s tireless __ , water companies began to sell , and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial . , cholera is still a problem. Each year, __ of people around the world get cholera and many _ it.
efforts
clean water
decrease
However
millions
die from
Snow's contribution:
Fortunately, we now know how to cholera， the work of John Snow. , in his use of maps and statistics, Snow the way scientists study diseases.
Snow's achievement:
Snow is considered .
prevent
thanks to
Moreover
transformed
the father of modern epidemiology
Activity6：Read for Further Thinking
After the remove of the handle, the spread of cholera in this area was stopped.
How about other parts in London
The government might aske all the water companies to provide clean water.
What measures might they take
People might be educated not to drink raw water
but pure or boiled water.
not purified
large in degree
2.What made John Snow succeed in preventing “King cholera” ( try to find supporting details from the text)
1.
2.
3.
4.
...
Groupwork
expert
As a young doctor, John Snow became frustrated.
In time, he rose to become a famous doctor.
determined
He never lost his desire to cholera once and for all.
careful/rigorous(严谨的)
curious/questioning mind
He suspected.... He was able to announce...
He discovered that in two particular streets...find out why
creative
What qualities and scientific spirits do they have in common
strong sense of social responsibility
knowledgeable
courage to face difficulties
committed
critical thinking
creativity
questioning mind
passionate
scientific spirits
scientific methods
scientific
success
The scientist is not a person who gives the right answers but the one who asks the right questions.
Science is a way of thinking much more than it is a body of knowledge.
The science of today is the technology of tomorrow.
Assignment
1. Write a short passage in 80 words to introduce him/her and the reason why you admire him/her.
2. Think about what qualities a great scientist should have.
谢谢欣赏

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