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Unit4 Vocabulary
Natural Disasters
Unit4 Vocabulary
202X
tornado
龙卷风；旋风
drought
旱灾；久旱
landslide
崩塌；滑坡
tsunami
海啸
flood
洪水
typhoon
台风
volcanic eruption
火山喷发
hurricane
飓风
Natural Disasters 自然灾害 （均可数）
1 flood /fl d / n. 洪水；大量；大批
vi.淹没；大量涌入；vt.使灌满水；淹没
floods of （a flood of ）= a number of
flood in/into 大量涌入
flood over(感觉或回忆)涌上心头；涌现
flood...with… = be flooded with 充满....
A wave of happiness flooded over me.
He was flooded with joy when his first child was born.
The office was flooded with applications for job.
Telephone calls flooded in from all over the country.
2. rescue
■ v 营救 to save sb / sth
She was rescued from a burning building.
■ n [U] & [C] 救援；营救：
Some of the rescue workers were trapped in the ruins.
从…营救出来
救援人员
rescue … from… 把…从…营救出来
come to one’s rescue 营救某人
区分damage & destroy & ruin
3.damage
侧重 “损”，可修复
n&v 破坏，损害
do / cause damage to 对…造成损害
4. destroy vt
毁坏；摧毁；毁掉 ：
The building was completely destroyed by fire.
They've destroyed all the evidence.
侧重“毁”，无法修复
destruction n. 摧毁; 毁灭
destructive adj. 引起破坏的; 破坏性的
The bad weather ruined our trip.
My new shoes got ruined in the mud.
The crops were ruined by the heavy rain.
Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing but ruins.
The house has fallen into ruins.
In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.
ruin v 毁坏 n 废墟；遗迹；残余
(lay) in ruins
成为废墟;严重受损; 破败不堪;
ruin oneself
毁了自己
ruin one’s hope / health / plan/ reputation
毁掉/破坏某人的希望/健康/计划/声誉等
运用精准的汉语释义和英语释义区分 damage, destroy 和 ruin。
damage 的名词和动词都侧重“损”，表示可修复，常和 badly、seriously 等副词搭配；
destroy 侧重“毁”，表示不可修复，不复存在，常和 completely、entirely 等副词搭配；
ruin 侧重“毁坏”，使美好的事物失去用途或优良特性，尽管此物仍然存在。
趣味记忆：头发经常烫、染，容易损伤（damage）头发，需要做护理修复。烫坏、烫焦，头发就毁（destroy）了 ，只能剪掉。做个美美的发型出门，遇到大雨，头发还在，但发型被毁（ruin）了。
Summary
damage, destroy, ruin
1. The bus was badly ______________ when it hit the wall.
2. The building was completely ______________ by fire.
3. It poured with rain and my dress got ______________.
4. This illness has _____________ my life.
5. The homeless shelter was entirely _____________ in the huge earthquake.
从方框中选择合适的单词填空。
ruin damage destroy
damaged
destroyed
ruined
ruined
destroyed
6.death n. 死; 死亡
die v. 死; 枯竭; 消失
dead adj. 死亡的; 无生命的
dying adj. 临终的; 垂死的
deadly adj. 致命的; 彻底的; 极度的 a deadly disease
adv. 极其; 非常
starve to death 饿死
be sentenced to death 被判死刑
区分affect & effect
affect
影响
基本义
01
“影响”情感
02
疾病“影响”身体
03
使感动；打动
04
使感染（疾病）
05
影响
06
“影响”人或物
07
affect 语义网络图
Almost everyone is affected by second-hand smoke.
If a disease affect someone, it causes them to become ill.
She was deeply affected by the story.
be affected by 被…打动; 被…侵袭
be affected with… 感染…疾病
affection n. 喜爱
8. effect n. 结果；效应；作用；影响
Global warming is having an effect on hundreds of animal species (种类) around the world.
These measures that were put into effect last year just start to take effect.
对…有影响
have an effect/influence/impact on
make a difference to
实施；实行
生效
side effects 副作用
effective adj. 有效的; 生效的 efficient adj. 效率高的
知识迁移运用
1. Don’t play around here! Your noise ____________ my job badly.
2. Playing computer games too much will have a bad ____________ on your study.
3. The firefighter’s lung ________________ because of breathing in the poisonous gas.
由于吸入了有毒气体，那位消防队员的肺部受到了侵袭。
4. What you say or do will others.
你所说或所做的每一件事都会对别人产生影响。
affects
effect
was affected
have an effect on/affect
While walking down the hill, we took shelter from the rain in a cave.
shelter sb./sth. from... 保护/庇护某人/某物（免受...）
take shelter from 躲避
shelter from...躲避...
It began to rain suddenly, so we had to run into the coffee shop to shelter us from the heavy rain.
vt.；掩蔽vi. 躲避 (风雨或...)
9.shelter /' elt (r)/ n.避难处；居所；庇护
1）It’s so hot, and we’d better find a tree to take shelter _________ the sun.
2）Some parents are just too protective. They want to __________________________（保护他们的孩子免受) every kind of danger, real or imagined..
from
shelter their children from
【即学即练】
01
It seemed as if he enjoyed my company.
02
Dark clouds are gathering. It looks as if/as though it’s going to rain.
as if /though引导的从句所表示的内容为事实或可能为事实，应用陈述语气
10.as if/though 似乎;好像;仿佛
与现在相反 一般过去时(be--were)
与过去相反 过去完成时had done
与将来相反 would/could/might/should +动词原形
as if/though 似乎;好像;仿佛
当as if从句表示的是不真实的或不可能发生的情况时，用虚拟语气。
Paul talks about the theory as if he knew everything.
It was John who pressed the button.Why are you talking to me as if I had done it
He opened his mouth as if he would say something.
1) To make the most of your time, value every moment as if it ________ (be) your last.
2) When fat and salt are removed from food, the food tastes as if it _______ (be) missing something.
【即学即练】
were
is
11.Shock
adj.令人震惊的 adj.震惊的，惊讶的
对……吃惊
做某事很吃惊
对某人来说是极大的震惊
震惊地；吃惊地
令某人吃惊的是
shocking
shocked
be shocked at/by sth.
be shocked to do sth.
a great shock to sb.
in shock
to one’s shock
trap-trapped-trapped
12.trap [tr p] vt. 使落入险境；是陷入圈套 n 陷阱；险境
STEP5
STEP4
STEP3
STEP2
STEP1
set a trap (for sb./sth.) 设圈套
fall into a trap 落入圈套
trap sb/sth in sth 用......捕捉；使困于......
be trapped in/by 陷入; 被困在
trap sb into (doing)sth 诱骗某人(做)某事
知识迁移运用
1. __________ (trap) in the heavy traffic, we had to wait and might be late for the meeting.
2. He dug a hole on the ground __________ (trap) a rabbit.
3. They trapped her into_________(sell) her house at a low price.
4. I didn’t get to school on time because I __________________（被困在） the heavy rain.
Trapped
to trap
selling
was trapped in
13 bury [ b ri] vt. 安葬；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏
bury one’s feelings 隐藏感情; 感情不外露
bury... in...　把……埋到……里；使……沉浸于……
bury one's face in one's hands　双手掩面
be buried in... = bury oneself in (doing.)... 埋头于；专心于
表示“专心于；致力于”的短语还有：
①be absorbed/engaged in　　②be devoted to=devote oneself to
③be lost in =lose oneself in　 ④focus/concentrate on
⑤ be immersed in 沉浸在 ⑥fix/concentrate one's attention on
⑦pay attention to... / draw one’s attention to...
burial n. 埋葬，葬礼
bury [ b ri] vt. 安葬；埋葬；使专心；使沉浸；隐藏
①The girl was sitting on the bench in the park, ________ (bury) herself in the book.
②Though ________________(bury) in the ruins for about 70 hours after the earthquake, the man managed to survive.
③Because he buried himself in playing the flute, he didn't know it was raining .
→__________________ playing the flute , he was not aware it was raining .
burying
buried
Burying himself in
1) 考试即将来临，大多数学生埋头于学习中。
With the exam coming, most of students are __________________________ their study.
=With the exam coming, most of students are __________ in their study.
2) He ________________________________（双手掩面）and burst into tears.
3) 因为他专心于学习中，所以不知道外面正在下雪。
Because he ____________________________ , he didn’t know it was snowing outside.
_______________________________, he didn’t know it was snowing outside.（用现在分词短语作状语）
_____________________, he didn’t know it was snowing outside.（过去分词短语作状语）
burying themselves in
buried
buried his face in his hands
buried himself in the book
Burying himself in the book
Buried in the book
【即学即练】
breathe in 吸入
breathe out 呼出
hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
out of breath 气喘吁吁地，上气不接下气地
take a deep breath=breathe deeply 深呼吸
breath / breθ/ n.呼吸
breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的
breathe /bri: / v.呼吸
【即学即练】
1) I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good __________（breathe）.
2) Daniel __________________（深吸一口气） and dived into the water.
3) The doctor told me to ___________________（深深吸气）and then ___________________（慢慢呼气）.
to breathe
took a deep breath
breathe in deeply
breathe out slowly
15 effort / f t/ n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
effortless adj. 不需费力的；容易的
effortlessly adv.轻松地；毫不费劲地
with effort 努力地；费力地
without effort 毫不费力地
put effort into (doing) sth 努力做某事
it takes effort to do sth 做某事需要努力
through sb.’s efforts 经过某人的努力
make every effort to do sth 尽全力做某事
spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事
= make an effort/efforts to do sth 努力做某事
我会不遗余力地完成这个任务。
I will spare no effort to finish the task.
不遗余力做某事
努力做某事
尽全力做某事
努力地；费力地
毫不费力
01
spare no effort(s) to do sth.
02
make efforts/an effort to do sth.
03
make every effort efforts to do sth.
04
with effort
05
without effort
06
①A good environment depends on the _________(effort) made by everyone. ②No one can achieve anything _______effort.
③父母为孩子安排好一切,不遗余力地为他们的成功铺路。
Parents arrange everything for their children and _________________ pave the way for their success.
efforts
without
spare no effort to
effort / f t/ n. 努力;艰难的尝试;尽力
16 suffer [ s f ] vt.遭受；蒙受；受苦
suffering n. 折磨；苦难
sufferer n.患病者；受苦者
suffer pain/a defeat/hardships/losses 遭受痛苦/失败/艰难/损失
suffer from 受……折磨；患……病
1）She _______________ (suffer) severe depression after losing her job.
2）The company ________ (suffer) heavy losses last year.
3）This experience caused him much mental _________(suffer).
suffered from
suffered
suffering
【即学即练】
17.supply [s pla ] n. [pl.] 补给品;供应(量)补给
vt. 供应;供给
(1)water supply 供水
medical supplies 医疗物资补给
be in short supply 供不应求
a good/ constant supply of ... 充足的/ 持续的……的供应
The brain requires a constant supply of oxygen.
supplier n. 供应商; 供应者
1
supply sb with sth = supply sth. to sb 向某人提供某物
2
= provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb
3
= offer sb sth = offer sth to sb
4
我们将给穷人提供足够的水和食物。
5
We will supply enough water and food to poor people.
6
supply作名词,表示“补给品”时,要用复数形式,即supplies。
supply [s pla ] n. [pl.] 补给品;供应(量);补给vt. 供应;供给
(1)They used the money ___________ (supply) the school with new textbooks.
(2)Whenever she goes out with her baby,she always takes a large supply ______ baby food with her.
(3)Food __________ (supply) in the flood-stricken area are running out.
(4)During the outbreak of the epidemic ,medical masks were ____ short supply in every area.
(5)For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data ________ (supply) by the World Atlas list so far.
to supply
of
supplies
in
supplied
18.survive [s va v] vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过
survival n. 生存;幸存
survivor n.幸存者
survive from 从……幸存
survive on 依靠……生存下来
survive sb. by+时间 … 比……多活了
He was very lucky that he didn’t starve to death, but survived the cold winter.
The old lady has survived her elder brother by ten years.
艰难度过
比……活得长
【即学即练】
1)It is reported that the only __________ (survive) in the car crash was badly injured .
2)Earthquakes cannot be predicted, but your chances of __________________ (survive) are much larger if you know what to do when an earthquake strikes.
3)Tom is biking across Europe, surviving entirely _______ discarded (丢弃的）food.
survivor
survival/surviving
on
strike - struck - struck / stricken
striking adj.引人注目的，显著的，惊人的
stricken adj. 受灾的；受难的
strike [stra k] vt/vi. 侵袭；突击；击打
罢工；罢课；袭击
① Yesterday a typhoon struck/hit the area.
② The stone struck/hit her on the forehead.
③ The solution struck/hit me immediately.
It struck/hit me that we might have made the wrong decision.
④ She was practicing surfing when a shark struck.
⑤ The church clock began to strike twelve.
⑥ strike a match and light a candle
⑦ We were struck by her kindness.
19. strike （strike - struck - struck / stricken）
侵袭，爆发
碰，撞；打，击
突然想到；一下子想起
突击；攻击
敲；鸣；报时
擦，划（火柴）
给（某人....）印象；让（某人）觉得...
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