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新人教版英语八年级上册 Unit 5 What a Delicious Meal! 知识清单
一、核心词汇详解 (按主题分类，含中考高频词)
1. 食物与食材名称 (高频考点)
词汇 词性 释义 课本/实用例句
ingredient n. (烹饪)原料，成分 Flour is the main ingredient for making bread.
flour n. 面粉 We need two cups of flour.
butter n. 黄油 Spread some butter on the bread.
oil n. 油；石油 Add two spoons of cooking oil.
salt n. 盐 Too much salt is bad for health.
sugar n. 糖 Would you like some sugar in your coffee
vinegar n. 醋 This dish needs a little vinegar.
sauce n. 酱汁；调味汁 I like tomato sauce with my fries.
pepper n. 胡椒粉；甜椒 Add some black pepper to the soup.
garlic n. 大蒜 The smell of garlic is strong.
onion n. 洋葱 Chop the onion into small pieces.
cabbage n. 卷心菜 We need one cabbage for the salad.
sandwich n. 三明治 I usually have a sandwich for lunch.
salad n. 沙拉 Fruit salad is healthy and delicious.
pancake n. 薄煎饼 We eat pancakes with maple syrup.
cheese n. 奶酪 This pizza has lots of cheese.
honey n. 蜂蜜 Honey is sweet and good for you.
lettuce n. 生菜 Wash the lettuce before making the salad.
yogurt n. 酸奶 I have yogurt and fruit for breakfast.
bean n. 豆；豆科植物 Soy beans are rich in protein.
nut n. 坚果 The cake is decorated with nuts.
2. 餐具与烹饪器具
词汇 词性 释义 课本/实用例句
bowl n. 碗 She ate a bowl of noodles.
plate n. 盘子 Put the cake on a large plate.
fork n. 叉子 Use a fork and knife to eat steak.
knife n. 刀 Be careful with that sharp knife.
spoon n. 勺子 Stir the soup with a spoon.
chopsticks n. 筷子 Can you use chopsticks
pot n. 锅；壶 Boil water in the pot.
pan n. 平底锅 Fry the eggs in a frying pan.
oven n. 烤箱 Bake the cake in the oven.
stove n. 炉子 The soup is cooking on the stove.
blender n. 搅拌机 Use a blender to make the smoothie.
3. 烹饪方式与动作
词汇 词性 释义 课本/实用例句
fry v. 油炸；油煎 Fry the fish until it turns golden.
boil v. 煮沸；用开水煮 Boil the water before adding tea.
bake v. 烘；烤 My mom bakes bread every Sunday.
steam v. 蒸 Steaming vegetables keeps more vitamins.
roast v. 烤(肉等) We roast a turkey for Thanksgiving.
stir v. 搅拌 Stir the soup while it’s cooking.
mix v. 混合 Mix the flour and eggs together.
peel v. 削皮 Peel the apple before you eat it.
chop v. 砍；劈；剁碎 Chop the onions finely.
slice v./n. 切(片)；薄片 Slice the tomatoes thinly.
grate v. 磨碎 Grate some cheese over the pasta.
pour v. 倒；灌；注 Pour the milk into the bowl.
add v. 添加 Add a little salt to taste.
taste v./n. 尝起来；品尝；味道 Taste the soup to see if it needs more salt.
smell v./n. 闻起来；闻；气味 The food smells wonderful!
serve v. 端上(饭菜)；招待 The meal is ready to serve.
4. 味道与评价
词汇 词性 释义 课本/实用例句
delicious adj. 美味的 The meal was absolutely delicious.
tasty adj. 美味的 This soup is very tasty.
spicy adj. 辛辣的 Sichuan food is usually spicy.
sour adj. 酸的 Lemons taste sour.
bitter adj. 苦的 The medicine tastes bitter.
salty adj. 咸的 The soup is too salty.
sweet adj. 甜的 The cake is too sweet for me.
fresh adj. 新鲜的 We use fresh vegetables from the garden.
crispy adj. 酥脆的 I love crispy fried chicken.
soft adj. 柔软的 The bread is soft and warm.
awful adj. 糟糕的；可怕的 The food at that restaurant was awful.
terrible adj. 糟糕的；可怕的 I have a terrible headache.
5. 用餐相关场景
词汇 词性 释义 课本/实用例句
meal n. 一餐；膳食 We have three meals a day.
snack n. 小吃；点心 I need a snack between meals.
menu n. 菜单 Let’s look at the menu first.
recipe n. 食谱；烹饪法 Follow the recipe carefully.
order v./n. 点(菜)；顺序；订单 Are you ready to order
bill n. 账单 Could we have the bill, please
tip n./v. 小费；给小费 We left a 10% tip for the waiter.
restaurant n. 餐馆 We celebrated at a nice restaurant.
waiter/waitress n. 男/女服务员 The waiter brought us the menu.
customer n. 顾客 The customers are waiting to be served.
6. 易混淆词汇辨析 (中考常考)
(1)cook vs. cooker
- cook：动词“烹饪”；名词“厨师”。My mother cooks well. / He is a good cook.
- cooker：名词“厨具；炉灶”。We bought a new gas cooker.
(2)taste vs. smell
- taste：品尝/尝起来(味道)。Taste the soup. / It tastes sweet.
- smell：闻/闻起来(气味)。Smell the flowers. / It smells good.
(3)bake vs. roast
- bake：在烤箱中烘烤(面包、蛋糕等)。bake a cake/bread
- roast：烤(肉类)或在明火上烤。roast meat/chestnuts
(4)plate vs. dish
- plate：指个人用的平底浅盘。a dinner plate
- dish：可指盛菜的大盘，也可指一道菜。Put the fish on the serving dish. / a delicious dish
二、重点短语与句型
1. 烹饪与制作食物的核心短语
短语 释义 课本/中考例句
cut up 切碎 First, cut up the tomatoes and onions.
turn on/off 打开/关闭(电器) Turn on the oven to 180°C.
put... into... 把……放进…… Put the mixture into the baking pan.
add... to... 把……加入…… Add some salt to the soup.
mix...together 把……混合在一起 Mix the eggs and flour together.
be ready 准备好了 Dinner will be ready in ten minutes.
pour... into... 把……倒进…… Pour the milk into the bowl slowly.
fill... with... 用……装满…… Fill the glass with water.
cover... with... 用……覆盖…… Cover the cake with cream.
2. 点餐与用餐的实用短语
短语 释义 课本/中考例句
order food 点餐 We ordered food as soon as we sat down.
take one’s order 记下某人的点单 The waiter came to take our order.
be famous for 因……而闻名 This restaurant is famous for its steak.
pay the bill 付账 Let me pay the bill this time.
have/take a seat 请坐 Please have a seat and wait for a moment.
help oneself to... 请自用…… Please help yourselves to some fruit.
table manners 餐桌礼仪 Good table manners are important.
be full 吃饱了 I can’t eat any more. I am full.
3. 评价食物与表达喜好的句型
(1)How does it taste/smell/look
- It tastes delicious. / It smells great. / It looks wonderful.
(2)What do you think of... / How do you like...
- What do you think of the soup
- How do you like your steak cooked (您的牛排要几分熟 )
(3)It tastes + adj. / It has a ... taste.
- It tastes a bit too salty.
- It has a sweet and sour taste.
(4)My favorite food is... / I like... best.
- My favorite food is pizza.
- I like chocolate cake best.
(5)Would you like some...
- Would you like some more rice
三、语法聚焦：可数名词与不可数名词
1. 基本概念区分
- 可数名词：可以用数目计算，有单复数形式。
an apple → two apples, a sandwich → sandwiches
- 不可数名词：无法用数目计算，通常只有单数形式。
water, bread, rice, information
2. 常见的不可数名词类别 (必须熟记)
食物与饮料：bread, rice, meat, fish, milk, water, juice, coffee, tea, butter, cheese, salt, sugar
物质材料：paper, glass, wood, iron, gold, sand
抽象概念：love, happiness, time, music, homework, news, advice, information, weather
学科领域：math(s), physics, history, geography
其他：money, furniture, luggage/baggage, traffic
3. 不可数名词的量化表达
不可数名词不能直接与 a/an 或数词连用，需要借助量词短语：
a piece of...：a piece of bread/paper/advice/news
a bottle of...：a bottle of water/milk
a cup/glass of...：a cup of tea/coffee, a glass of juice
a bowl of...：a bowl of rice/soup
a kilo of...：a kilo of meat/sugar
a slice of...：a slice of bread/cake/cheese
a bag of...：a bag of flour/rice
注意：量词本身是可数的，可以有复数形式：
two pieces of bread
three bottles of milk
many pieces of advice
4. 中考高频易错点
(1)特殊名词：fish
作“鱼肉”讲时，是不可数名词。I like eating fish.
作“鱼的条数”或“鱼的种类”讲时，是可数名词(复数可仍为fish或fishes)。He caught three fish. / many different fishes
(2)特殊名词：chicken
作“鸡肉”讲时，是不可数名词。Would you like some chicken
作“鸡(动物)”讲时，是可数名词。There are five chickens on the farm.
(3)不可数名词前不能用many/few，要用much/little修饰
many breads, few information
much bread, little information
(4)集合名词：people, police, family, class 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
His family are all very tall. (指家庭成员)
但 His family is a happy one. (指家庭这个整体)
(5)“一种/类……”的表达：不可数名词可用 a kind/type of。
This is a new type of medicine.
(6)部分名词既可用作可数也可用作不可数，但意思不同
glass (玻璃，不可数) / a glass (玻璃杯，可数)
paper (纸，不可数) / a paper (报纸/论文，可数)
time (时间，不可数) / a time (一段时光/次数，可数)
四、中考考点衔接与题型示例
1. 单项选择
— Would you like some ______ for breakfast
— Just a little.
A. breads B. egg C. milks D. bread
答案：D (bread为不可数名词，不能用some修饰复数形式)
2. 词汇运用
(1)用所给词的适当形式填空：
Could you pass me two ______ (piece) of bread
答案：pieces (量词piece根据前面的two变为复数)
(2)根据汉语提示填空：
请往汤里加点盐。
Please ______ some salt ______ the soup.
答案：add, to
3. 书面表达预测话题与句型
常见话题：
1. My Favorite Food (我最喜欢的食物)
2. How to Make Jiaozi/Dumplings (如何制作饺子)
3. A Healthy Diet (健康饮食)
4. An Unforgettable Meal (难忘的一餐)
必备高分句型：
First of all, ... Then, ... After that, ... Finally, ... (描述步骤)
It is not only...but also... (不仅……而且……)
It's a good idea to... (做……是个好主意)
Eating too much... is bad for our health. (吃太多……对健康有害)
We should have a balanced diet. (我们应该均衡饮食。)
中考真题链接与自测
（一）名词可数性判断练习
判断下列名词是可数(C)还是不可数(U)：
1. advice ( ) 2. furniture ( ) 3. hamburger ( ) 4. news ( )
5. orange (作水果) ( ) 6. orange (作果汁) ( )
(答案：1.U 2.U 3.C 4.U 5.C 6.U)
（二）重点句型转换练习
1. The coffee is very hot. I can’t drink it now. (合并为一句)
The coffee is ______ hot ______ I can’t drink it now.
2. This pizza tastes delicious. (改为感叹句)
______ ______ ______ pizza tastes!
(答案：1. too, to 或 so, that 2. How delicious the)
（三）易错题自测
1. 我们需要两瓶牛奶和三条面包。
We need ______ ______ ______ milk and ______ ______ ______ bread.
2. 烹饪前把肉切碎。
______ ______ the meat before cooking.
3. 这汤闻起来真香！
______ ______ the soup ______!
(答案：1. two bottles of, three pieces/slices of 2. Cut up 3. How good, smells)

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