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(共153张PPT)
2026中考第二轮总复习
专题二 动词
语法专题突破
C O N T E N T S
一、看导图 知规律
二、知考向 析考点
三、练语篇 提能力
（完形填空：10年39考；语篇填空第一节：10年25考；
语篇填空第二节：5年7考）
考向一　动词的分类
考法总结
动词可分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。实义动词主要在
完形填空中考查语境辨析。语篇填空第二节曾考查过去进行时中助动词was
的用法（常与时态/语态结合考查）；语篇填空第一节考查过情态动词后填
动词原形的用法（往年单选中，情态动词辨析6年5考）。
1. [2024河南66题改编] We’re supposed to keep in mind that it important
to tell the truth. （盲填）
is　
2. [2020河南66题改编]One day， I was reading my favorite magazine. My little
girl playing around me， which made my reading impossible.（盲填）
3. [2020河南56题改编]A friendship can （last） forever when friends
are kind to each other.写作佳句
was　
last　
写作佳句
1. 及物动词后需加宾语才能使其意思完整，通常可以用于被动语态。常见的
及物动词有accept， answer， buy， finish， give， like， learn， make，
reach， watch， write等。如：He made the kite himself.
2. 不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语，也不能用于被动语态。如：The sun rises
in the east.
3. 英语中大多数动词既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词。纯粹的不及物动
词很少，常用作不及物动词的单词如下：
实义动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词两类。
arrive 到达 appear 出现 agree 同意 come 来 cry 哭 dance 跳舞 die 死去
dream 梦想 disappear 消失 fall 落下 go 去 graduate 毕业 happen 发生
lie 躺 run 跑 rise 增加；上升 sit 坐 smile笑 stand 站立 stay停留 wait 等待
注意：不及物动词后面加上相应的介词，才可跟宾语。
如：He is looking at the cat.
类别 例词 例句
“状态”
系动词 be （am， is， are，
was， were） Tom is upset because of the bad grades.
汤姆因为成绩不好而沮丧。
“感官”
系动词 look， feel， smell，
sound， taste You’ll feel better after a good night’s
sleep. 你晚上睡个好觉就会觉得舒服些。
　　系动词本身的意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成系表
结构。初中阶段常见的系动词有：
类别 例词 例句
表“变
化”的系
动词 become， get，go，
grow， turn The bread has gone bad. 面包已经变质了。
His face will turn red as soon as he feels
embarrassed.他一感到尴尬就会脸红。
表“像”
的系动词 look， seem， appear The future did not seem very hopeful. 前
景似乎不太乐观。
“持续”
系动词 keep， stay，
remain， stand， lie The main thing is to stay calm.最重要的
是要保持冷静。
What happens to them remains a secret.
他们身上发生了什么仍然是个秘密。
注意：
1. feel， look， seem， appear， taste， sound， smell等系动词的主动形式可
以表示被动意义，这时主语通常是“物”。如：The water feels warm.
2. be动词是最常见的系动词，表语可以是名词、形容词、介词短语等。如：
He is thin and of medium height.
“感官”系动词和“持续”系动词后多用形容词作表语。如：The peaches
taste delicious.
3. 系动词一般不用于进行时态，但表“变化”类系动词作“渐渐……”讲
时，可用于进行时态。如：The weather is getting warmer and warmer.
　　助动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，必须和实义动词一起构成谓
语。助动词主要用来帮助构成各种时态、语态、语气等，以及构成疑问句或
否定句。有些助动词有人称、时态和数的变化。英语中常用的助动词有：
助动词 功能 例句
be（am，is， are， was， were） be ＋现在分词，
构成进行时态 He is using the computer in his room. 他正在房间里用电脑。
I was waiting for my coffee when the accident happened. 事故发生时我正在等咖啡。
be ＋过去分词，构成被动语态 Taking photos is not allowed in the museum. 博物馆里不允许拍照。
Free drinks are offered on Children’s Day in some restaurants. 儿童节有些餐馆提供免费饮料。
助动词 功能 例句
do（does，
did） 用于构成疑问
句或否定句 Tom doesn’t make friends with those unkind
people. 汤姆不和那些不友善的人交朋友。
Where did you go last summer？ 去年夏天你去
哪里了？
用于倒装句 Not only did he finish the project on time， but
he also got an “A”. 他不仅按时完成了项
目，还得了A。
Mary didn’t watch TV last night， and neither
did John. 玛丽昨晚没看电视，约翰也没看。
助动词 功能 例句
do （does，
did） 用于表示强调
并加强语气 Tom did write a letter to you last week. 汤姆上
周的确给你写了一封信。
Please do take care of yourself. 请一定要照顾
好自己。
代替前面出现
的动词 My father always takes a walk after supper，
but my mother never does. 我父亲总是晚饭后
散步，而我母亲则从不。
助动词 功能 例句
have（has，
had） have ＋过去分词，构成完成时态 Mike has had the bike for three years.
迈克买这辆自行车三年了。
wil（would） 构成一般将来时或过去将来时，用于各种人称 He will go to Shanghai tomorrow.
他明天将去上海。
shall（should） 构成一般将来时，仅用于第一人称 This time next week I shall be in Scotland. 下星期这个时候我将在苏格兰。
　　情态动词本身有一定的词义，但是不能独立作谓语，只能和动词原形一
起构成句子的谓语。它的否定式一般是在其后加not构成。情态动词有以下
特征：
1. 情态动词的概述
①没有人称和数的变化（have to 除外，当主语为单数第三人称时用has
to）；
②具有助动词的作用，可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简单答语；
③一些情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式，可以用来表示现在、过去
或将来期待或估计要发生的事件；
④不能用于进行时态。
2. 常见情态动词的具体用法
情态 动词 用法 例句
can ①表示能力，“能， 会” ②表示请求、允许或建议， “可以” ①I can ride a bike.
②Can I buy the bike， Mom？
can’t ①表示能力，“不能，不会” ②表示推测，“不可能”（可
能性为0的绝对否定推测） ①I can’t ride a bike.
②It can’t be Dad. He has gone to Beijing.
could ①表示过去的能力，“能，会” ②表示推测（可能性为20％～
80％），“有可能，也许” ③表示委婉请求，“可以，能够” ①I could ride a bike at six.
②It could be his bike， but I’m not sure.
③Could you lend me this book？
情态
动词 用法 例句
must ①表示主观意愿，“必须，一
定要” ②表示非常有把握的肯定猜测
（可能性为100％），“一
定” ③否定式mustn’t，“一定不
要，禁止” ④must引出的问句，肯定答语
用must/have to，否定答语用
needn’t/don’t have to，不能用
mustn’t ①I must finish my homework before I
can watch TV.
②Mom must have made lunch for us.
③You mustn’t talk to others in class.
④－Dad， must we wait until the
light becomes green？
－Yes， I’m afraid we have to. That’s
the traffic rule. （2013河南26题）
情态
动词 用法 例句
may ①表示请求许可，“可以” ②表示推测，但把握不大，
“有可能，也许” ③祈使句中表示祝福和祝愿 ①You may have a try if you want.
②Your mother may be waiting for
you.
③May your dream come true！
might ①may的过去式 ②表示请求许可，语气比may
委婉 ③表示推测，“有可能，也
许”，表示的可能性比may表
示的小 ①He said he might come tomorrow.
②Might I smoke here？
③I might go to my grandpa’s home
this Sunday.
情态
动词 用法 例句
need 意为“需要”，主要用于否定
句和疑问句中，肯定答语用
must或have to，否定答语用
needn’t/don’t have to ①You needn’t say sorry to me.
②－Need I finish my homework
today， Mom？
－No， you needn’t/don’t have to.
should ①“应该”，表示要求、命令
或劝告、建议，否定式为
shouldn’t ②表示征询意见，常用于疑问
句中 ①You should take an umbrella with
you.
②Should I call him later？
情态
动词 用法 例句
shall ①表示决心、警告、命令等，
意为“必须，一定，应该”，
多用于第二人称 ②表示请求或征求对方意见，
多用于疑问句中，多用于第一
人称 ①You shall sit on the seat until your
paper is collected.
②Shall we go to the station by taxi？
will ①表示询问、客气的请求，一
般用于疑问句中 ②表示意愿、意志或打算 ①Will you pass me the dictionary，
please？
②I will never do that again.
情态
动词 用法 例句
would ①表示询问、请求，语气比
will更加委婉 ②表示意愿、意志或打算，是
will的过去式 ①Would you mind telling me the way
to the hospital？
②He said he would help me.
had
better “最好”，多用于第二人称，
其否定形式为had better not You had better wait for me here after
school.
have
to “不得不”，多表示客观需要 I have to look after the little cat
myself.
考向二　动词短语
4. [2024河南43题改编] After that， whenever he felt worried about something，
he would white noise with his headphones.
A. talk about B. listen to
C. turn down D. wait for
5. [2023河南47题改编]At first， Garth lowered his head and thought to himself.
Suddenly he and saw a lady looking at him.
A. came up B. gave up
C. looked up D. showed up
B　
C　
6. [2022河南42题改编]Bella entered her room and heard the cries from her little
sister. She knew her dad would expect her to her sister.
A. look for B. look after
C. look over D. look through
7. [2019河南30题] I asked my father to me 　　　at the school gate at
6：30 so that we could visit Grandma together.
A. pick； up B. turn； down
C. let； down D. cheer； up
B　
A　
8. [2018河南32题]－Jack is telling everyone he has bought a new car.
－Pay no attention to him. He is just .
A. taking off B. showing off
C. driving off D. setting off
9. [2017河南30题] Don’t know where your kids are in the house？ Turn off the
Internet and they’ll quickly.
A. get up B. stand up C. show up D. hurry up
B　
C　
10. [2016河南34题] Almost every university now has a website which allows us
to the information about it.
A. look at B. look after
C. look around D. look through
考法总结
动词短语辨析主要在完形填空和往年单选中考查，包括同一介词/副词型
（10年5考），同一动词型（10年2考，均为look短语），或混合辨析（10年
4考）三类。此外，在语篇填空第一节和第二节中，会考查填“动词＋介词/
副词”结构中的介词/副词的用法。
D　
1. 同一动词型动词短语（河南中考考查过的短语加黑标示）
come短语 come across偶然遇见 come along 出现；跟随 come back
回来；回想起　come by短暂拜访 come down崩塌；落下come out开花；出版；显示 come over顺便来访 come true实现
come up发生；走近
cut短语 cut away砍掉；切除　cut down砍倒；削减　cut in插嘴　　cut off切掉；切断（水源、电源等） cut out删除；删去
cut up切碎
go短语 go ahead先走；进行；开始做　go by （时间）流逝　　　　
go on继续；持续；开始运行 go off 发出响声；离开；
（电灯）熄灭 go out外出（娱乐）；熄灭 go over复习；仔细检查 go through通过；经历
get短语 get away离开；逃掉　get in到达；进入　get into陷入；参与　　　get off 下车 get on上车 get out 出去；离开　get over克服　get to 到达 get together相聚 get through 通过；完成
get up起床
give短语 give away捐赠；泄露　give back归还；使恢复　give in投降
give out 分发；发放 give up放弃
look短语 （2016/2022/ 2023考查） look at 看　look after照顾；照看　look for 寻找　look like看起来像 look around环顾四周 look down upon/on看不起look out当心 look over （仔细）检查 look through浏览look up 查阅；抬头看 look forward to盼望；期盼
look up to 敬仰
put短语 put away把……收好　put down放下；写下　　put off推迟；
拖延　　put on穿上；上演；增加（体重）
put out扑灭；扔掉 put through 接通；完成 put up张贴；
建造；搭建；举起
take短语 take after （外貌或行为）像　take away带走；拿走　　take
care当心；小心　take down拆除；往下拽；记录
take in吸入；吞入 take off（飞机）起飞；脱下 　take place
发生 take up占据；开始从事
turn短语 turn down调低；关小；拒绝 turn...into... 把……变
成…… turn off关掉 turn on接通；打开 turn to转向；求助于 turn up开大；调高；出现
2. 同一介词/副词型动词短语（河南中考考查过的短语加黑标示）
about短语 （2024考查） bring about导致，引起 care about关心；在意 come about 发生　　　hear about 听说 know/learn about了解 talk about 谈论
think about考虑 worry about 担心
at短语 laugh at 嘲笑　look at 看 knock at敲　point at 指向
shout at 斥责……；对……大喊 throw at 投向；掷向
work at 从事；研究
away短语 blow away吹走；驱散　get away离开；脱身　give away
捐赠；泄露 go away离开 move away搬走 pass away去世　　　put away把……收好 take away拿走；带走 run away逃跑
back短语 bring back 带回；使想起　come back 回来　get back 返回　　give back 归还 pay back 偿还 talk back 顶嘴
down短语 break down损坏；出故障　calm down （使）平静　cut down砍倒；削减　die down逐渐变弱 fall down倒塌；摔倒
let down 使失望 lie down躺下 pull down摧毁；拆毁
sit down坐下 slow down减速 take down拆除；记录
turn down调低，关小；拒绝 write down写下
for短语 ask for 要求；请求　care for 关心；照顾；喜欢　cheer for
为……欢呼 leave for 出发前往　pay for 付钱　prepare for 为……做准备　wait for 等候；等待
off短语 （2014/2018 考查） break off中断；中止 clean off扫除；擦去 cut off切除；剪掉　drive off 驱车离去；驶去 get off 下车 give off发出，放出（光、热等） pay off 偿清 put off推迟 send off发出；寄出set off出发，动身 show off炫耀 take off（飞机）起飞；脱下shut off关闭 turn off关掉 kick sb. off开除某人 see sb. off 为某人送行
on短语 call on号召；拜访 cheer sb. on为某人加油 carry on继续；坚持　　come on 快点儿；加油 depend on依靠；取决 于go on持续；发生 hold on不挂断（电话）；坚持 keep on继续（前行）try on试穿 take on 承担 turn on接通；打开 work on从事；继续工作
out短语 break out 爆发 bring out使显现 carry out 执行 check out调查；察看
clear out 清理；丢掉 come out开花；出版；显示 cut out
删除；删去 die out 灭绝 eat out出去吃 find out 查明；发现give out分发；发放 go out 外出（娱乐）；熄灭
hand out分发 hang out 闲逛 help out 帮忙解决 leave out
不包括；不提及 look out当心 pick out 选出 point out指出put out扑灭；扔掉
out短语 run out 用光 sell out卖完 set out 出发；动身 try out 试用；
参加选拔 turn out结果是 work out成功地发展；解决
to短语 （2024考查） belong to 属于　dance to 伴着……跳舞 listen to 听　　　　　lead to 导致；通向 stick to 坚持；固守 shout to 对……
大声喊叫 speak to 对……说话 talk to 与……交谈
pay attention to 注意；留心 help oneself to 请随便吃/喝…… hold on to 继续；坚持；保持
up短语 (2017/2020/ 2021考查) bring up提出；养育 call up打电话给；征召 cheer up 使振奋　　　　clean up打扫 dress up打扮 eat up吃光 end up结束 fix up修理
give up放弃 grow up成长；长大 hurry up快点；赶快
look up 查阅；抬头看 make up编造；构成 pick up捡起；接人 put up搭建；张贴；举起 send up 发出；射出
set up建立；创立 show up出现；露面 stay up 熬夜
stand up站起来 take up占据；开始从事 tidy up收拾；整理turn up开大；调高；出现 wake up睡醒；醒来
use up用完；耗尽 build sb. up 增强某人的体质
with短语 agree with 同意　deal with 处理；解决；应付　begin/start with 以……开始 compare with 与……作比较 connect with 与……相连help out with 帮忙做 catch up with 赶上；达到 come up with 想出；提出 fall in love with 喜欢上 get on/along with 与……和睦相处 keep up with 跟上；不落后
over短语 come over 顺便来访　fall over 绊倒　get over 克服；恢复
go over 复习；仔细检查 hang over 悬挂 look over 查看；检查 think over 仔细考虑
【随堂练习】
Group 1
1. Lily is upset these days. Do you know how to her ？
2. －Don’t . Keep working hard and you will win the match.
－Thank you， Mr. Zhang. We’ll try our best.
3. －You look tired and sleepy. What’s wrong？
－I looking after my grandma in the hospital last night.
cheer　
up　
give up　
stayed up　
pick up　cheer up　stay up　 set up　put up
turn up　take up　cut up　give up　clean up
4. We had planned to meet at 10：30 a.m. at the station last Sunday， but Bob
didn’t until 11：30 a.m.
5. －What should we do for the disabled children in the Children’s Home？
－You’re supposed to a study group to help them.
6. －I hope to be a volunteer on weekends.
－You could help to the city parks.
7. The volunteers many signs to remind people to protect the
environment.
8. －Andy， please the book on the floor.
－No problem.
9. －The summer vacation is coming. Do you have any plans？
－I’m going to a hobby like playing the guitar.
10. I want to make Russian soup. Could you please the tomatoes for
me？
turn up　
set up　
clean up　
put up　
pick up　
take up　
cut up　
Group 2
11. Attention， please！ The plane will in a minute. Every
passenger， please fasten（系牢） your safety belt.
12. Don’t the bus until it stops， or you may get hurt easily.
13. John the TV and helped his mother with the housework.
14. －Are we going to have a sports meeting on Friday， Li Ping？
－No， it’ll be till next week because of the bad weather.
take off　
get off　
turned off　
put off　
take off　　put off　　get off　　turn off
Group 3
15. －Would you mind my baby while I am away？
－Of course not.
16. If buildings fall down with people inside，the snake robots can help
people under the buildings.
17. If you don’t know the meaning of the word， you can it in
the dictionary.
looking after　
look
for　
look　
up　
look for　　look up　　look after
Group 4
18. I don’t know how to my sad feelings. Can you help me？
19. I am sure those scientists will a way to solve the difficult
problem.
20. It is impolite to those people in trouble. Instead， you should
try to help them.
21. －Why did you his invitation？
－Because I had a very important meeting to attend that day.
deal with　
come up with　
laugh at　
turn down　
deal with　come up with　laugh at　turn down
Group 5
22. Life is a journey with trouble， but with care and wisdom you can
any problem you face.
23. In a soccer game， it’s important for players to play together and
the best in each other.
24. Rules have been made to make sure the plan could be well.
25. Please these test papers to each student.
26. The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never .
work
out　
bring
out　
carried out　
give out　
run out
work out　　carry out　　give out　　bring out　　run out
Group 6
27. If you like this， you’ll end up in prison（监狱）.
28. Tom， your sunglasses. The sun is so bright.
29. We should learn some basic life skills since we must
ourselves some day.
30. －Hello！ This is Kevin speaking. May I speak to Mr. Cao？
－Please . I’ll put you through.
go on　
put on　
depend on　
hold on　
depend on　hold on　go on　put on
考向三　动词的时态
11. [2024河南62题改编] When a coin created an oil bloom （油花） in the
water， Bao （catch） the man who dropped the coin and told
everyone that he stole the boy’s coins.
12. [2023河南65题改编] Have you （decide） what you want to
do？ Do let me know if you have.
13. [2021河南64题改编] Every year thousands of students （visit）
the Red Flag Canal Museum.
caught　
decided　
visit　
14. [2020河南60题改编] A good friend will cheer you up when you
are （have） a bad day.
15. [2020河南66题改编] One day， I was reading my favorite
magazine. My little girl playing around me， which made my
reading impossible. （盲填）
16. [2017河南75题改编] Three days later， when she was tidying up
and （look） at Jimmy’s desk， she read the first sentence of his
paper， “For three generations（代） there have been no natural births in our
family.”
having　
was　
looking　
17. [2017河南68题改编] In search of some answers for his task， Jimmy
interviewed his grandmother， who of course （know） nothing about
the reason why Jimmy asked such questions.
考法总结
往年单选中，每年会有1～2题考查动词的时态。2020年单选题型取消后，动
词的时态考点主要在语篇填空第一节中考查（每年1～2分）。此外，语篇填
空第二节中曾考查过去进行时中填助动词was的用法（2020.66）。总体而
言，对动词的时态的考查难度有所降低。
knew　
　　动词的时态表示谓语动词的动作或状态发生的时间和方式。英语中共有
四种不同的时间（现在、过去、将来、过去将来）和四种不同的方式（一
般、进行、完成、完成进行），任意一种时间和方式相组合就构成一种时
态。英语中共有十六种动词的时态，考生只需掌握其中的6种动词的时态，
即一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时和现在
完成时。具体见下面表格：
1. 一般现在时、一般过去时与一般将来时
时
态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时
用
法 ①表示事物或人物的
特征、状态 ②表示经常性、习惯
性的动作 ③表示客观事实、普
遍真理 表示过去某个时间发生
的动作或存在的状态，
也表示过去经常或反复
发生的动作 表示将来某个时间要
发生的动作或存在的
状态
时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时
标志词 always， usually， often， never，
sometimes， every day等 yesterday， last night， two days ago， just now， in 2010， the other day等 tomorrow， next
week， next year， in the future， in an hour等
谓语 形式 ①be 动词的三种形式（am， is， are） ②动词原形或动词的第三人称单数形式 ①be 动词的过去式
（was， were） ②动词的过去式 ①will＋动词原形
②be going to＋动词
原形
动
词 变
形 规
则 动词变第三人称单数
规则： ①一般情况下，直接在动词原形后加-s：see→sees ②以-s， -x， -ch， -sh， -o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es：watch→watches ③以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，先变y为i，再加-es： study→studies 动词变过去式规则： ①一般情况下，在词尾加-ed： cook→cooked ②以不发音的e 结尾的动词，在词尾加-d： live－lived ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词，末尾只有一个辅音字母时，先双写这个辅音字母，再加-ed： plan－planned ④以“辅音字母＋y” 结尾的动词，先变y 为 i，再加-ed： carry－carried △不规则变化见《默写册》P47～P48 ——
时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时
例
句 She is thin. Tom goes to work every day. They usually draw after class. He was a student in 2010.Jack played tennis last night. We are going to have a wonderful school trip next week.
2. 现在进行时和过去进行时
时态 现在进行时 过去进行时
用法 表示现在、目前或现阶段正在进行的动作或发生的事情 表示在过去某一时刻、某一段时间
内或某个动作发生时正在进行的动
作
标志词 （句） now， at the moment， look， listen， at present， these days， when/while引导的时间状语从句 at that time， at this time yesterday，
at ten last night，at the time of the
rainstorm，when/while引导的时间状
语从句
谓语形式 am/is/are ＋现在分词 was/were ＋现在分词
动词 变形 规则 动词变现在分词规则： ①直接在词尾加-ing： cook→cooking，play→playing ②以不发音的字母e 结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing：
dance→dancing， hike→hiking 注意：若e发音，则不能去掉，如： see→seeing ③以重读闭音节结尾的动词且词尾只有一个辅音字母的，先双写末
尾的辅音字母，再加-ing： begin→beginning， cut→cutting，
swim→swimming 易错单词：visit→visiting， listen→listening ④个别以-ie结尾的动词，先变ie为y，再加-ing： die→dying，
lie→lying 例句 I am working now. She is doing her homework at
the moment. I was working at that time.
She was doing her homework at ten
last night.
3. 现在完成时
时态 现在完成时
用法 强调过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，不
强调动作发生的具体时间；也表示某一动作或状态从过去某一
时间开始，一直持续到现在，而且还有可能持续下去
标志词 （句） already， just， yet， ever， before， so far， up to now， until
now， in the past ten years， “for＋时间段”， “since＋过去
时间点/从句”等
谓语形式 have/has＋过去分词
时态 现在完成时
动词变形
规则 动词变过去分词的规则同变动词过去式的规则，动词不规则变
化见《默写册》 P47～P48
例句 I have finished my homework.
I’ve been at this school for over two years.
非延续性动词 延续性动词 非延续性动词 延续性动词
become be buy have
leave be away borrow（听力常
考） keep（听力常考）
begin/start be on finish be over
marry be married join be in
fall ill be ill die be dead
【拓展】延续性动词与非延续性动词
　　现在完成时表示动作从过去某个时候开始一直持续到现在，与一段
时间连用时应注意句中的谓语动词应是延续性动词，非延续性动词不可与一
段时间连用。如：
我离开北京已经五年了。
误： I’ve left Beijing for five years.
正： I’ve been away from Beijing for five years.
考向四　动词的语态
call　　need　　build　　send
18. [2024河南60题改编] The boy cried because the money was to
pay for the medical treatment of his sick mother.
19. [2021河南57题改编] One of the most famous places is the Red Flag Canal
（红旗渠）in Linzhou， which was on the side of cliffs（悬崖） of
the Taihang Mountains.
20. [2016河南70题改编] Recently， my smartphone broke and had to
be off for repair for a week or so.
needed　
built　
sent　
21. [2015河南66题改编] The latest popular hand gesture（手势） is putting both
of your hands together to make a heart shape. It is “hand heart”.
考法总结
动词的语态主要在语篇填空第一节（及往年的单选）中考查。初中阶段要求
掌握的被动语态分为三类：一般现在时的被动语态、一般过去时的被动语态
与一般将来时的被动语态。但是考生需注意，2016年第70题考查的是含情态
动词have to的被动语态。之后中考中可能会在语篇填空第二节中考查填被动
语态中be动词的用法。
called　
1. 被动语态的含义
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受
者，动作的执行者由介词by引出，by意为“被，由”。
2. 使用被动语态的情况
（1）当不知道动作的执行者或没有必要说明动作的执行者时。如：
Three people were injured. 三人受伤。
（2）当需要强调或突出动作的承受者时。如：
Your work must be finished today. 你们的工作必须今天完成。
（3）用于“It’s said/believed/reported＋that...”结构中，意为“据说/据信/
据报道……”。如：
It’s believed that there is life in outer space. 人们相信外太空有生命。
（4）动作的发出者不是指人。如：
Many houses were washed away by the flood. 许多房子被洪水冲走了。
（5）有些动词习惯上只用于被动语态中。如：
He was born in this city. 他在这个城市出生。
3. 主动语态变被动语态的方法（【口诀】：宾变主、主变宾、谓语动词用被
动。）
（1）“主语＋谓语＋宾语”结构
（2）“主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语”结构（变被动语态时，原先的
间接宾语前用相应的介词to或for）
（3）“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构
【注意】要变被动语态时，省略“to”的动词不定式（使役动词make和see，
watch， hear， feel等感官动词）要加“to”。如：
I saw you come into the classroom. → You were seen to come into the classroom.
4. 被动语态的构成
基本构成：be＋及物动词的过去分词。常考的被动语态有：
类别 构成
一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词
一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词
一般将来时 will/shall/be going to＋be＋过去分词
情态动词 情态动词＋be＋过去分词
（1）begin， clean， close， cut， lock， open， read， sell， start， wash，
write等作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表被动意
义。如：
①The pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好用。
②The schoolbag washes easily. 这款书包很容易清洗。
③The store closes at nine. 商店九点关门。
5. 主动形式表被动意义的情况
（2）look， sound， taste， smell， feel等感官动词用主动形式表被动
意义。如：
①The new building looks nice. 这栋新楼看起来很棒。
②The idea sounds good. 这个主意听起来不错。
③I love the air after it rains. It smells so fresh. 我喜欢雨后的空气。它闻
起来很清新。（2014河南21题）
（3）be worth doing意为“值得做……”，表被动意义。如：
My hometown is worth visiting. 我的家乡很值得参观。
（4）sth. needs/requires（都表示“需要”）＋doing，相当于sth. needs/requires＋ to be done。如：
The car is too dirty. It needs washing/to be washed. 这辆小汽车太脏了。
它需要冲洗了。
考向五　非谓语动词
22. [2024河南70题改编] You can also ask your friends think about it.
（盲填）
23. [2023河南66题改编] I love this great museum. It is a wonderful place
learn about Chinese characters. （盲填）
24. [2022河南69题改编]That was my greatest weakness. So I try correct
it by finding an enjoyable way to study. （盲填）
25. [2021河南69题改编] In China， it is interesting see people eating
with chopsticks.（盲填）
to　
to　
to　
to　
26. [2020河南67题改编]To get some peace， I tried a trick keep her busy
for a little while. （盲填）
27. [2023河南59题改编]They say I can choose whatever I want to do in the end
if I keep （work） hard at school.
28. [2016河南69题改编] I’m not saying that I am not an example of this， but it
always amazes （使惊愕） me how people can spend so much time on their
phones without （talk） to others.
to　
working　
talking　
考法总结
自2020年河南中考设立语篇填空第二节盲填新题型，动词不定式为该题型必
考点，且5年考了5种用法，其分别作宾语补足语、定语、宾语、主语、目的
状语。
①第22题考查动词不定式作宾语补足语的用法。
②第23题考查动词不定式作定语的用法。
③第24和第26题考查动词不定式作宾语和目的状语的用法。
④第25题考查动词不定式作主语的用法。
⑤第27和第28题考查动词/介词后接动名词作宾语的用法。
河南中考对非谓语动词的要求为：掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语及目
的状语的用法。但从往年真题中可看出，考生还需了解动词不定式作定语和
主语的用法，并熟记一些后接动名词形式作宾语的动词用法。
1. 动词不定式的构成与特征
动词不定式不能在句中单独作谓语，其基本形式为“to＋动词原形”，
否定形式为“not to＋动词原形”，在句中使用时具有名词、形容词或副词
的特征。
用法 说明 例句
作宾语 ①当单个不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 ②为了保持句子的平衡，通常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——不定式（短语）放在后面。 ①To admit his mistake is not easy
for him. 要他承认错误对他来说
是不容易的。
②It’s very nice of you to help me
with my English. 你帮助我学英
语，你真是太好了。
作表语 不定式可以用在系动词后作表语，通常表示愿望、责任、义务等。 His wish is to become a
musician. 他的愿望是当一名音
乐家。
2. 动词不定式的基本用法
用法 说明 例句
作宾
语 ①一些表示命令、打算、希望、决
心等的动词后常接不定式作宾语。
此类动词巧记如下： 想要干：want， wish， hope，
expect， would like/love， like 早打算：plan， prepare， mean 同意否：agree， offer， refuse 问问看：ask， afford ①He agreed to meet me at the
station. 他同意在车站接我。
②I think it difficult to finish the
program in two weeks. 我觉得要
在两周内完成这个项目很难。
用法 说明 例句
作宾
语 决定了：decide， make up one’s
mind， promise 开始学：begin/start， learn 尽力干：manage（反义词fail），
try 努力做：make an effort 莫等待：wait 别忘记：forget（反义词remember） ①He agreed to meet me at the
station. 他同意在车站接我。
②I think it difficult to finish the
program in two weeks. 我觉得要
在两周内完成这个项目很难。
用法 说明 例句
作宾
语 ②在find， think等词后跟不定式作
宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真
正的宾语后置。 ①He agreed to meet me at the
station. 他同意在车站接我。
②I think it difficult to finish the
program in two weeks. 我觉得要
在两周内完成这个项目很难。
用法 说明 例句
作宾
语 补足
语 ①常在“动词＋宾语＋不定式”结
构中使用。常见此类动词有advise，
allow， ask， encourage， force，
help， invite， order， teach， tell，
warn， wish， want/would like，
expect， get等。 ①His mother warns him not to
play computer games anymore.
他的妈妈警告他不要再玩电脑
游戏了。
②They heard him sing a song in
the meeting room. 他们听见他在
会议室唱了一首歌。
用法 说明 例句
作宾
语 补足
语 ②在表示感官及使役等意义的动词
后，要用不带to的不定式作补语。常
见的此类动词有：一感（feel）、二
听（hear，listen）、三让（let，
make，have）、四看（look，see，
notice， watch）。help后用带to或不
带to的不定式均可。 ①His mother warns him not to
play computer games anymore.
他的妈妈警告他不要再玩电脑
游戏了。
②They heard him sing a song in
the meeting room. 他们听见他在
会议室唱了一首歌。
用法 说明 例句
作定
语 不定式（短语）作定语时，应放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。 He was the first to come to the
classroom. 他是第一个来到教室
的人。
作状
语 不定式可作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语。 ①He returned home to see what happened. 他返回家去看发生了什么。（目的状语）
②She opened the box to find it empty. 她打开盒子，结果却发现它是空的。（结果状语）
③I’m glad to see you. 见到你很高兴。（原因状语）
1. 当有两个并列不定式作宾补时，后一个不定式往往省略to。如：
The boss asked Tim to go and find out if there was anyone else absent. （2016河
南29题）
2. 省略to的常见句型：
①Why not do sth.？ ＝ Why don’t you do sth.？ 为什么不……呢？
【拓展】
④would rather do A than do B 宁愿做A也不愿做B
⑤let’s do sth. 让我们做某事吧。
⑥prefer to do...rather than do... 宁愿做……而不愿做……
②Could/Would/Will you please （not） do sth.？ 你可以（不）做……吗？
③had better （not） do sth. 最好（不要）做某事
3. 含动词不定式的特殊句型（2022.68考查）：
①It takes/took sb. some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人多长时间。
（2022.68）
②It’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。
③It’s time to do sth. 到做某事的时间了。
④adj.＋enough to do sth. 足够……做某事
⑤too...to... 太……而不能……
易错提醒：非谓语和祈使句的辨析
若逗号后无连词，直接跟一个句子，则前半句用非谓语动词；若有逗
号，且逗号后有and或or等并列连词，则前半句为祈使句。
如：①To catch the early bus， Lucy got up very early today. 为了赶上早班公
交车，露西今天早上起得很早。
②Hurry up， or we will miss the train. 快点儿，否则我们就赶不上火车了。
1. 动名词的构成与特征
动名词由“动词原形（do）＋－ing”构成，其形式与现在分词的构成
相同，否定形式为“not＋动词原形＋－ing”。动名词既有动词的特征，又
有名词的特征，可以在句子中充当主语、表语、宾语和定语。如：
①Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜对你的健康有害。
②Her hobby is playing the violin. 她的爱好是拉小提琴。
2. 动名词的用法（2022版课标仅作理解要求，但往年真题考查过4次动名词
作宾语的用法）
用法 说明 例句
作主
语 动名词放在句首作主语时，
谓语动词用单数形式。 Reading is an art. 阅读是一项技能。
作表
语 多数情况下，动名词作表语
可转换成作主语。 His hobby is swimming. 他的爱好是游
泳。
作定
语 动名词作定语时，表示其所
修饰的词的用途、所属关系
等，放在被修饰词之前。 Our country is a developing country. 我
们国家是一个发展中国家。
用法 说明 例句
作宾
语 动名词作宾语时，既可作动词的宾语，又可作介词的宾语。 ①I finished reading the book last night.
我昨晚读完了这本书。（作动词宾语）
②A young boy made a living by selling
fried dough sticks （油条） in the market. （2024河南57题）一个小男孩靠在市场上卖油条谋生。（作介词宾语）
3. 常见接动名词作宾语的结构如下：
avoid doing sth. 避免做某事 begin/start doing sth. 开始做某事
consider doing sth. 考虑做某事
enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事
imagine doing sth. 想象做某事
mind doing sth. 介意做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
can’t help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 can’t stand doing sth. 无法忍受做某事
put off doing sth. 推迟做某事 feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
give up doing sth. 放弃做某事
have trouble/difficulty doing sth. 做某事有困难
have fun doing sth. 做某事有乐趣
stop/keep/prevent sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
be worth doing sth. 值得做某事
What/How about doing sth.？ 做某事怎么样？
succeed in doing sth. 成功地做了某事
be good at/do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事
spend...doing sth. 花费……做某事 look forward to doing sth. 盼望做某事
stick to doing sth. 坚持做某事 get/be used to doing sth. 习惯做某事
pay attention to doing sth. 注意做某事
【拓展】既可接不定式也可接动名词的动词（短语）
　　　
　　　
　　　
考向六　动词词义辨析
29. [2019河南25题]You can’t change who you are by reading a book or change
the way you act by watching a video. What is what you do， not what you
know.
A. includes B. decides C. means D. matters
30. [2018河南26题]－Hey， Jeremy. Tony and I want to the new Italian
restaurant e with us！
－Why not？
A. try B. taste C. choose D. search
D　
A　
31. [2017河南32题]The plane on the ground for two more hours because
of the bad weather.
A. ran B. moved C. shook D. remained
D　
32. [2016河南24题]My parents said they would come to visit me. I
couldn’t to see them after several months away from home.
A. wait B. help C. expect D. afford
考法总结
河南中考对动词词义辨析的考查主要体现在根据语境选择合适的动词。考生
需熟记常用动词词义并结合具体语境选出正确答案。
A　
1. accept 接受
2. achieve 达到；完成；获得
3. act 扮演；行动
4. add 增加；添加；（使）相加
5. advise 劝告；建议
6. afford 承担得起（后果）；买得起
7. agree 同意
8. allow 允许，准许
9. answer 回答；答复
河南中考常考动词汇总
10. appear 出现；看来；好像
11. arrive 到达；达到
12. ask 问；请求；要求
13. attend 出席
14. avoid 避免
15. bear 承受；忍受
16. beat 敲打；打败（某人）
17. become 变得；成为
18. begin 开始；着手
19. believe 相信；认为有可能
20. blow 吹；刮风
21. book 预订
22. borrow （向别人）借；借用
23. break 打破；打断；打碎
24. bring 带来；拿来
25. brush 刷；擦
26. build 建筑；建造；开发
27. burn 着火；燃烧；烧毁
28. buy 买；购买
29. call 称呼；取名；叫喊
30. camp 扎营；搭帐篷
31. cancel 取消；终止；撤销；废止
32. care 关心；照料；照顾
33. carry 运送；搬运；携带
34. catch 捉住；赶上（车辆）
35. cause 造成；引起
36. celebrate 庆祝；庆贺
37. change 改变；更换
38. check 检查；审查；核实
39. cheer 欢呼；喝彩；加油
40. choose 挑选；选择
41. clean 弄干净；擦干净
42. clear 清理；清除
43. climb 爬，攀登
44. close 关闭
45. collect 收集；采集
e 来；来到
municate 交流；沟通
pare 比较
plete 完成，结束
50. connect （使）连接；与……有联系
51. consider 考虑；认为
52. continue 持续；继续存在；继续做
53. control 限制；掌管；控制
54. cook 煮；烧；烹调
55. copy 抄袭；模仿；复制；抄写
56. correct 纠正；改正
57. cost 需付费
58. cough 咳嗽
59. count 数数； 重要
60. cover 覆盖；遮盖；掩盖
61. create 创造；创建；造成
62. cross 穿过；渡过
63. cry 喊叫；哭
64. cut 切；割
65. dance 跳舞
66. deal 处理；解决
67. decide 决定；下决心
68. depend 依靠，信赖；决定于
69. describe 描述；形容；把……称为
70. develop （使）发展；（使）成长；养成
71. die 死
72. dig 挖（洞、沟等）；掘
73. direct 指导；导演
74. discover 发现；发觉；找到
75. discuss 讨论；商量；谈论
76. divide 分开；分散；划分
77. doubt 疑惑；怀疑
78. draw 画；绘制
79. dream 梦想；做梦
80. dress 穿衣服
81. drink 喝；饮
82. drive 驾驶；驱赶
83. drop 落下；掉下；降低；放弃
84. eat 吃
85. encourage 鼓励
86. end 结束；终止
87. enjoy 享受；欣赏；喜爱
88. enter 进来；进去；进入；加入
89. excuse 原谅；宽恕
90. exercise 锻炼；练习
91. expect 预料；预期；期待；盼望
92. experience 经历；经受
93. explain 解释；说明
94. express 表示；表达；表露
95. fail 失败；不及格
96. fall 落下；下降
97. feed 喂养；饲养
98. feel 感觉；触；摸
99. fight 争论；打仗（架）；战斗
100. fill 装满；充满
101. find 找到；发现
102. finish 结束；做完
103. fit 适合；合身；安装
104. fix 修理；安装
105. fly 飞；飞行
106. follow 跟随；接着是；沿着；遵循
107. force 强迫，迫使
108. forget 忘记；忘掉
109. form （使）出现；（使）形成；塑造
110. get 得到
111. give 给；给予
112. go 去；走
113. grow 生长；种植
114. guard 警卫；看守
115. guess 猜测；估计；想
116. guide 给某人领路（或导游）；指引；指导
117. hang 悬挂，垂下；吊
118. happen 发生
119. hate 厌恶；讨厌；仇恨
120. hear 听见；听说
121. help 帮助
122. hide 隐藏；遮挡；隐瞒
123. hit （用手或器具）击；打
124. hold 拿；握住；举行
125. hope 希望
126. hurry 赶紧；匆忙
127. hurt （使）疼痛；使不快；伤害
128. imagine 想象，设想；猜测
129. include 包括；包含
130. increase 增加；增长；（使）增大
131. interest 使感兴趣；使关注
132. interview 面试；采访
133. introduce 介绍
134. invent 发明；创造
135. invite 邀请
136. join 连接；参加；加入
137. jump 跳；跳跃
138. keep 保持；保存
139. kick 踹；踢（腿）
140. kill 杀死；弄死
141. knock 敲击；打
142. know 知道；懂得
143. land 着陆；降落
144. last 持续
145. laugh 笑；大笑；嘲笑
146. lay 放；搁；生（蛋）
147. lead 带路；率领；过（某种生活）
148. learn 学习；学会
149. leave 离开；剩下
150. lend 借出；把……借给
151. let 让
152. lie 躺；卧；平放；说谎
153. lift 举起；抬高
154. light 点燃；点火
155. like 喜欢；喜爱；想要
156. list 列清单
157. listen 听；仔细听；倾听
158. live 居住；生活
159. lock 锁上；锁住
160. look 看；好像；显得
161. lose 丢失
162. love 爱；热爱；很喜欢
163. make 做；制造
164. manage 完成（困难的事）；应付
165. mark 做记号；做标记
166. marry 结婚；嫁；娶
167. mean 意思是……；意味着……
168. meet 遇见；碰见
169. mention 提到；说到
170. mind 关心；介意
171. miss 错过；没看见
172. mistake 误会；误解
173. mix （使）混合；融合；掺和
174. move 移动；搬动
175. need 需要；必需
176. nod 点头
177. notice 看（或听）到；注意到
178. offer 主动提出；自愿给予
179. open 打开；张开
180. order 点菜；命令；组织
181. own 拥有
182. paint 用颜料画；在……上刷油漆
183. part 离开；分开
184. pass 给；递；经过；及格
185. pay 付钱
186. pick 拾起；采集
187. place 放置，安放
188. plan 计划
189. plant 种植；播种
190. play 玩；打（球）
191. please 使满意；使愉快
192. point 指，指向
193. pollute 污染
194. post 邮寄
195. practice/practise 练习
196. praise 表扬；赞扬
197. prepare 使做好准备
198. present 颁发；授予；呈现
199. print 打印；印刷
200. produce 生产；制造；出产
201. promise 许诺
202. pronounce 发音
203. protect 保护
204. provide 提供；供应；给予
205. pull 拉；拖
206. punish 处罚，惩罚
207. push 推
208. put 放；摆
209. race 参加比赛；快速移动
210. raise 募集；征集；使升高；饲养
211. reach 到达；抵达
212. read 读；朗读
213. realize 意识到
214. receive 收到；得到
215. record 记录；录（音）
216. refuse 拒绝
217. regret 遗憾；后悔
218. relax 放松；休息
219. remain 保持不变；剩余；仍然是
220. remember 记得；想起
221. repair 修理；修补
222. repeat 重复；重做
223. reply 回复；答复
224. report 报告；报道
225. require 需要；要求
226. research 研究
227. rest 歇息；休息
228. return 归还；回来；返回
229. review 复习
230. ride 骑（马、自行车等）；搭乘
231. rise 升起；增加；提高
232. risk 冒险做；（使）冒……的风险
233. run 跑；奔跑
234. rush 仓促行事；急促
235. satisfy 使满足；使满意
236. save 救；挽救
237. say 说；讲
238. search 搜索；搜查
239. see 看；拜访；看望
240. seem 好像；似乎
241. sell 卖；销售
242. send 派遣；送
243. separate 分开；分离
244. serve 接待；服务；端上（饭菜）
245. set 放，置；使处于
246. shake 摇动；抖动
247. share 分享；分摊；共享；共用
248. shine 照耀；发光；发亮
249. shop 购物
250. shout 喊；高声呼喊
251. show 给……看；出示
252. shut 关闭；关上
253. sign 签（名）；签字
254. sing 唱；唱歌
255. sit 坐
256. skate 滑冰；滑（滑板）
257. sleep 睡觉
258. smile 微笑
259. smoke 吸烟
260. solve 解决；解答
261. speak 说话；讲话
262. speed 加速；超速驾驶
263. spell 用字母拼；拼写
264. spend 花费；度过
265. spread 传播；展开；摊开
266. start 开始；出发
267. stay 停留；暂住
268. steal 偷；窃取
269. step 行走；跨步
270. stick 粘贴，粘住
271. stop 使停止；阻止
272. store 贮存；贮藏；保存
273. study 学习；研究
274. succeed 成功
275. suggest 建议，提议；暗示
276. support 支持；帮助；援助
277. suppose 认为；假设
278. surprise 使惊奇；使诧异
279. swim 游；游泳
280. take 拿；带去；花费
281. talk 说话；交谈
282. taste 品尝
283. teach 教；讲授
284. tell 告诉；讲述
285. thank 谢；感谢
286. think 想；认为
287. throw 投；掷；扔
288. tie 系，拴
289. touch 感动；触摸
290. train 训练；培训
291. translate 翻译
292. travel （长途）旅行
293. treasure 珍视；珍爱；珍重
294. treat 治疗；对待；请（客）
295. trouble 麻烦；使烦恼
296. trust 相信；信任
297. try 尝试；努力
298. turn 转动；转变
299. understand 懂得；理解
300. use 利用；使用
301. value 重视；珍视
302. visit 参观；访问；拜访
303. wait 等；等候
304. wake 醒；醒来
305. walk 走；散步
306. want 想要；需要
307. warn 警告；告诫
308. wash 洗
309. waste 浪费；滥用
310. watch 观看；注视
311. wear 穿；戴
312. weigh 重量是……；称……的重量
313. win 获胜；赢得
314. wish 希望；想要
315. wonder 想知道；琢磨；感到惊讶
316. work 工作；运转
317. worry 烦恼；担心
318. wound 使（身体）受伤；伤害
319. write 书写；写下
一、语篇填空第一节。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
Passage 1（名师原创）
【素材选自Family and Friends Book 6】
岛屿探险
come　will　out　get　stand
be　go　make　hit　take
Max was staying with his cousin Jeff by the sea. One day， they stood on the
sand and stared across the sea at a small island in the distance. No one lived on the
island and the boys had never been there.
“Let’s borrow my brother’s boat and go there，” said Jeff. “We will be
back before he finds 1. ！”
The boys rowed to the island and left the boat on the sand. But when they
2. back to the boat， it wasn’t there！
“What are we going to do？” asked Max.
out　
went　
“Let’s 3. a fire，” said Jeff. “Someone 4. see the
smoke.”
“But we haven’t 5. any matches，” said Max.
“We can 6. two rocks together to make a fire. 7. on！
It’s easy.”
But it was dark before the boys had a fire. Suddenly， the boys saw a dark
shape 8. coming towards them.
“Hey！Don’t you want to go home？” Jeff’s brother was 9.
on the beach next to the missing boat.
make　
will　
got　
hit　
Come　
was　
standing　
“How did you find us？” asked Jeff in amazement.
“I saw the boat floating（漂浮） near the shore and I saw your smoke.
Then I realized what happened，” said Jeff’s brother. “But next time， tell me
before you 10. my boat out and always tie it to a tree！”
take　
Passage 2（名师原创）
【素材选自《21世纪英文报》】
火车上的乌龙事件
tell　 hold　say　wake
seem　miss　stop　attend
Kevin lived in Boston. His sister， who lived in Washington， was going to
1. her wedding（婚礼） in January. He took a train to 2. it
in Washington.
hold　
attend　
After getting on the train in Boston， he said to one of the stewards（乘务
员）， “Excuse me， sir， I always get nauseous（恶心的） when I take
trains. So I am going to take a sleeping pill. But please make sure to wake me up
before the train 3. in Washington. I really don’t want to 4. my
sister’s wedding.”
“Sure thing！” the steward 5. . “We’ll make sure you get off at
the right stop.”
stops　
miss　
said　
Hours later， the train stopped in Richmond， the next station after
Washington. The man suddenly 6. up and jumped out of his seat in a
panic（惊慌）. “I 7. the steward to wake me up in Washington！ Why
didn’t he wake me up in time？” he shouted.
“That man 8. quite angry！” the passenger behind him said to
his wife.
“But I bet he isn’t half as mad as the guy they carried off the train in
Washington earlier，” his wife said to him.
woke　
told　
seems　
Passage 3
spend　sell　help　do
make　 raise　invite　 see
Anna Brown was an artist who believed that it was important to 1.
others. When she heard of a summer camp for children with serious illnesses，
she came up with an idea. It cost money for these kids to go to the camp， so
Anna decided to 2. what she could do to help. It was impossible for her to
donate a lot of money， so she had to think of another way.
help　
see　
She wanted to take advantage of her love of art. So she started making and
selling beautiful cards to 3. money for these kids. Because these cards
were all handmade， it would take her a long time to make them. So Anna had
another idea. She started 4. her friends to her house to help her make
the cards. At first her friends were hesitant（犹豫的）. Many said that they were
not artistic and didn’t know how to 5. cards. But once they saw the
beautiful materials that she had in her workroom， they felt more comfortable
6. things such as drawing and cutting in order to make a new card.
raise　
inviting　
make　
doing　
But the materials were expensive. To make money without 7.
money， Anna asked for help and got donations of paper， glue， scissors， and
other things from nearby stores. She 8. her cards for three dollars each
in different art markets during the year. Anna raised more than $30，000 in her
10 years making cards.
spending　
sold　
Passage 4（2024绥化改编）
give　know　make　send　be
do　work　come　begin　practice
After some warm－up activities， Zhang Hanliang starts her martial（武术
的） art exercises in the morning. To promote（推广） martial arts to more
people， Zhang and her team have 1. many traditional Chinese martial
art videos in the past few years. Millions of people watched the videos. “I hope
that more and more people will feel the beauty of 2. Chinese kung
fu，” said Zhang.
made　
doing　
Zhang has practiced martial arts for over 20 years. Her love for martial arts
3. from her family. After Zhang had practiced at home for a few
years， her father 4. her to a sports school. At that time， Zhang was
the youngest child to learn martial arts at the school， but she practiced very hard.
“I would keep 5. after daily training every day，” Zhang said.
comes　
sent　
practicing　
In 2007 Zhang 6. to teach martial arts. Besides her job at the
university， Zhang is 7. to promote the martial arts to foreigners
now. She has been invited to many foreign countries to 8. lessons on
martial arts. “Martial arts can 9. a bridge for cultural exchanges between
China and other countries，” said Zhang. She wished more and more people to
10. and love martial arts.
began　
working　
give　
be　
know　
Passage 5（2024苏州改编）
be　love　take　make　tell
become　discover　produce
When cultures meet， not just their language or clothing may be different.
Often their food will 1. greatly different too. People on both sides can
2. new chances for trading. This text 3. how some
common food plants spread around the world.
be　
discover　
tells　
As early as 5000 BC， potatoes were traded in South America as a
valuable type of food. They were 4. to Europe in the 1500s and their
use soon spread across it.
Tea drinking started in China. By the early 1600s， traders had begun to ship
tea from China to Europe. Tea drinking soon 5. fashionable there but
because of its high price， it remained a drink for the wealthy.
Sugar cane（甘蔗） was first used to 6. a kind of sweet juice
over 8，000 years ago on the island of New Guinea. Its use soon spread across
South East Asia and then to the wider world.
taken　
became　
produce　
Cocoa was used to make a cold， spicy drink in Central America over 3，
000 years ago. The Europeans brought it back with them in the 1520s and added
sugar to 7. the sweet， hot drink we know today. Although it’s
expensive， many people still 8. it.
make　
love　
二、语篇填空第二节，每空限填一词。
You’ll soon finish junior high school and enter a new school. You may worry
about the new environment. For example， you may feel unconfident about
getting along 1. new people and making more friends. Here is some
advice to help you leave your worries behind.
First， be confident. Spend some time thinking 2. your strong
points. In this way， you will be able to build up confidence day by day and
manage to fit in with the new people and have a sense of belonging one day.
with　
about　
Second， taking part 3. group activities more often can help you
make more friends. Try to go out to play with others whenever you can to develop
friendship.
Third， try to smile more. A pleasant smile costs the least but does the most.
Smiling is a good habit that can help you send both your friendship and love.
Finally， remember 4. be humorous and positive. People will like
you for cheering them 5. .
in　
to　
up　

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