资源简介

(共42张PPT)
2026中考第二轮总复习
专题 四 代 词
语法专题突破
C O N T E N T S
一、看导图 知规律
二、知考向 析考点
三、练语篇 提能力
（完形填空：10年4考；语篇填空第一节：10年9考；语篇填空第二节：5年1考）
考向一　考查人称代词、物主代词和反身代词的用法
1. [2024河南59题改编]When he woke up， he found （he） coins were
gone.
2. [2023河南57题改编]Do you remember we once talked about what jobs and
careers（职业） we might do in the future？ I’m finding it very difficult to make
up （I） mind.
3. [2022河南58题改编]Children do not wash （they） hands often
enough or long enough.
his　
my　
their　
4. [2021河南58题改编]The area was very dry with low rainfall because
of （it） geographical conditions（地理条件）.
5. [2020河南61题改编]Listen to your friends. Be honest. Tell
（they） what is wrong if they have hurt you.
6. [2019河南22题改编]When times are difficult， tell （you） that
pain is part of growing.
its　
them　
yourself　
考法总结
①人称代词主格用作主语，位于谓语动词之前；人称代词宾格用作宾语，常用在动词和介词后，也可作表语，用在系动词后。
②形容词性物主代词可作定语，置于名词之前。
③反身代词主要在往年单选中考查。主要考查反身代词在动词后作宾语的用法以及在固定搭配中的用法。
人称代词、物主代词和反身代词一览表
类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself
复数 we us our ours ourselves
第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself
复数 you you your yours yourselves
类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词
主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第三人
称 单数 he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
复数 they them their theirs themselves
1. 常见含形容词性物主代词的短语
all one’s life 某人一生 change one’s mind 改变某人的主意
come to one’s mind 忽然想起
do/try one’s best 尽某人最大的努力 hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸
in one’s opinion 在某人看来 keep one’s word 信守诺言
lose one’s life 某人失去生命 lose one’s way 迷路
make one’s way 前往；费力地前进 make up one’s mind 下定决心
on one’s own 独自 save one’s life 挽救某人的生命
take one’s time 不着急，慢慢来 take one’s order 点菜
take one’s place 代替某人 take one’s temperature 量体温
to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
【拓展】
2. 常见含反身代词的短语
①动词之后
enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 teach oneself＝learn by oneself 自学
hurt oneself伤到自己 dress oneself自己穿衣服
help oneself to随便吃/喝…… lose oneself in沉浸在……中
make oneself at home别拘束，别客气 prove oneself 证明自己
②介词之后
keep...to oneself保守秘密（2015.23） laugh to oneself 暗自发笑
look after/take care of oneself照顾自己 say to oneself自言自语
think to oneself盘算，自思自忖 leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下
believe in oneself相信自己
【随堂练习1】
1.（2024达州） There is something wrong with my computer. Could I
use （you）？
2.（2024成都改编） Miss Lin teaches piano very well. With （she）
help， I’ve made great progress.
3.（2024扬州改编） Some of are better at helping others than
are at looking after . （we）
yours　
her　
us　
we　
ourselves　
考向二　考查普通不定代词的用法
7. [2020河南65题改编] If you are a friend to （other）， they will
usually be a friend to you.写作佳句
考法总结
others意为“其他人或物”＝other＋复数名词，本身相当于名词，不可再修
饰名词。
others　
写作佳句
常见普通不定代词的用法
1. both/neither/either/all/none
★都常与of连用，除none仅作代词外，前四个词既可作代词，又可作限定词
修饰名词。
①both意为“两者都”，修饰或指代复数可数名词。作主语时，谓语动词用
复数。
②neither意为“两者都不”，修饰或指代单数可数名词。作主语时，谓语动
词通常用单数。
③either意为“两者中任何一个”，修饰或指代单数可数名词。作主语时，
谓语动词用单数。
④all意为“全体，一切”，修饰或指代复数可数名词或不可数名词，指三者
或三者以上的所有人或物。作主语时，谓语动词与其后名词的数保持一致。
⑤none意为“没有一个，全无”，指代人或物，常用搭配none of。既可
指代复数可数名词，也可指代不可数名词。作主语时，谓语动词可用单
数或复数。
2. few/a few/little/a little
①a few/a little意为“少量的，一些”，a few修饰或指代可数名词，a little修
饰或指代不可数名词。
②few/little意为“几乎没有”，few修饰或指代可数名词，little修饰或指代不
可数名词。
3. each/every
①each指两者或两者以上中的“每一个”，强调个体，可用作形容词或
代词。
②every指三者或三者以上中的“每一个”，强调整体，只可作形容词，不可
单独使用。
③each/every＋名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
④each可与of连用，every不可与of连用。
4. some/any
①some和any都可修饰或指代可数名词和不可数名词，表示“一些”。
②some主要用在肯定句中，any多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中。但在疑
问句中，如希望得到肯定回答或表示请求、建议时，要用some。如：
I could not answer any of her questions. 我无法回答她的任何问题。
Do you have any suggestions？ 你有什么建议吗？
Would you like some oranges？ 你想要些橙子吗？
5. many/much
①两者都意为“许多，大量”。
②many修饰或指代可数名词；much修饰或指代不可数名词。
6. another/other/the other/others/the others（见本书P48）
【随堂练习2】
4.Some people prefer a vegetarian diet（素食饮食）， while prefer
a meat－based diet.
5.－To go abroad or not to go after graduation， it’s a question.
－You may take of the roads. But being home in the end matters.
6.I tried to buy the dictionary in two bookstores， but of them had it.
others　
either　
neither　
few　both　none　either　 others　 neither
7.－Four children were walking under a small umbrella. of them got
wet. Can you guess why？
－Because it was not raining！
8.（2024武汉改编） －More and more teenagers are becoming interested in
xiangsheng and xiaopin nowadays.
－Yeah， that’s because can give people a big laugh.
9.（2023徐州改编） other nurses in the hospital have worked here
longer than Helen； only Lucy and Mary started working here before her.
None　
both　
Few　
考向三　考查复合不定代词的用法
8. [2018河南22题]As a child， I would sit for hours by the river doing －
simply daydreaming.
A. nothing B. everything
C. something D. anything
A　
9. [2016河南23题]－What a bad day！
－Everyone has one of those days when goes right.
A. nothing B. anything
C. everything D. something
考法总结
复合不定代词主要在完形填空及往年单选中考查。
A　
1. 初中常见复合不定代词一览表
some- any- no- every-
-body somebody （某人） anybody （任何人） nobody （没有人） everybody
（每人）
-one someone （某人） anyone （任何人） no one （没有人） everyone
（每人）
-thing something （某事） anything （任何事） nothing （没有东西） everything
（每件事）
2. 复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语和表语，不能作定语。作主语时，谓语动
词一般用单数。如：Someone is crying in the room. 有人在房间里哭泣。
3. 当形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时，必须放在其后。如：
There is nothing difficult in the world if you put your heart into it. 世上无难
事，只怕有心人。写作佳句
We need one more helper. Can you find anyone else？ 我们还需要一名帮手。
你能帮我们再找个人吗？
写作佳句
1. 常见含复合不定代词的句型：
①There is something wrong with... ……出问题了。
②...have something/nothing to do with... ……与……有关/无关
③sb. can do nothing but... 某人什么都不能做，只能……
④There is nothing to... 没有什么要……
【拓展】
2. somebody， anybody可指有一点地位或小有名气的人物；nobody指没有地
位或默默无闻的人物。something往往指了不起的东西；nothing指无关紧要的
东西。如：
He thinks himself somebody， but we think him nobody. 他自以为是重要人
物，但我们觉得他什么也不是。（2013河南31题）
【随堂练习3】
everything　nothing
10.（2024东营改编）－It is my first time taking a vacation in Dongying.
－Me too. here is so nice. I love the city.
11.（2024泸州改编）－The best things in life are free.
－Couldn’t agree more. Air costs ， but we can’t live without it.
Everything　
nothing　
考向四　考查指示代词的用法
10. [2022河南68题改编]For example， took me much time to learn new
words when I began learning Chinese. （盲填）
考法总结
本题考查it作形式主语的用法。
it　
1. this/these/that/those
（1）this/these表近指；that/those表远指，也常用于比较结构，代替前面提到
的名词，避免重复。如：
　These are my sisters and those are my brothers. 这些是我的姐妹；那些是我
的兄弟。
　常见的指示代词主要有：this/these/that/those/one/it。
I had a cold yesterday. That is why I didn’t come. 我昨天感冒了。那就是我
没来的原因。
　The weather in Shanghai is better than that in Heilongjiang. 上海的天气比黑
龙江的天气好。
　The coats in this shop are more expensive than those in that shop. 这家商店的
外套比那家商店的外套贵。
　（2）在电话用语中，this指代自己，that指代对方。如：
　－Hello！ This is Jim. Who’s that？ 喂，我是吉姆。你是哪位？
　－Hey， Jim. This is Jack. 嘿，吉姆。我是杰克。
2. it/one/that
（1）it指代上文中提到的同一事物，即同类同物。如：
　I have a new bike. My father bought it yesterday. 我有一辆新的自行车。我
爸爸昨天买的。
（2）one表泛指，指代上文提到的同类中的任何一个，即同类不同物，相当
于a/an＋名词。如：
　I didn’t bring my pens today. Can you lend me one？ 我今天没带钢笔。你能
借我一支吗？
（3）that指代上文提到过的那个名词。如：
　The population of China is larger than that of America. 中国的人口比
美国的多。
　It’s true that she is a great scientist. 她确实是一位伟大的科学家。
④It’s ＋ n. ＋to do sth. /doing sth./that从句
　It’s nice of you to help me with housework. 你帮我做家务，你真好。
③It’s ＋adj.＋that从句
　It’s important for us to learn Chinese well. 学好汉语对我们很重要。
②It’s ＋ adj. ＋ of sb. ＋ to do sth. 某人做某事是……
1. it作形式主语的句型
①It’s ＋ adj. （＋for sb.） ＋ to do sth. 做某事（对某人来说）是……
【拓展】it的特殊用法
　It’s a pity that he can’t come to the party. 很遗憾他不能来参加聚会。
⑤It takes/took （sb.） ＋ 一段时间＋ to do sth. 做某事花费（某人）多
长时间。
　It took me two hours to finish my homework. 我花了两个小时完成作业。
⑥It is＋done＋that从句。如：
It is said that... 据说……；有人说……
It is believed that... 人们认为/相信……
It is reported that... 据报道…… It is known that... 众所周知……
2. it作形式宾语，常用在动词find， think， make， consider， feel等之
后。如：
　I find it impossible to lie to her. 我觉得无法对她撒谎。
语篇填空第一节。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。
Passage 1
it　 this　they　all　she　something
Two friends， Emily and Lily， were taking a walk in the park when they
saw a stray（走失的） dog. The dog was running around and seemed to be
looking for 1. . Emily and Lily walked towards the dog and saw
that it had a tag （标签） with a phone number on 2. .
something　
it　
Lily quickly called the number on the tag， and a woman answered the
phone. She explained that the dog was 3. and had run away from her
backyard earlier that day. The woman arrived at the park and hugged the dog
tightly.
Emily and Lily could see the joy in the woman’s eyes. The woman asked
Emily and Lily if they wanted to join her for some tea and cookies as a treat. They
accepted and walked back to her house， and 4. of them chatted happily.
hers　
all　
As they sat in the kitchen enjoying their snacks， the woman shared with
5. that she had lost her husband recently， leaving her feeling lonely.
The dog was a comfort for her and brought joy to her life. Emily and Lily felt
moved by 6. and offered to visit her often to comfort her.
them　
this　
Passage 2
each　those　nothing　they　other
something　all　I　you　another
An earthquake hit a small town. After the earthquake， 1. the local
newspapers reported many stories about some of the families who were in trouble.
all　
One Sunday， when I was reading a newspaper， a special picture touched
me. It gave the clothing sizes of 2. family member. I thought that this
would be a good chance to teach my children to help 3. who were less
lucky. I said to my seven-year-old twins， Brad and Bret， and three-year-
old Meghan， “We have so much， and these poor people now have
4. . Let’s share what we have with them.”
each　
those　
nothing　
I filled a box with food and clothes， and I encouraged the boys to choose
their toys and give away some of their less favorite things. Meghan watched
quietly as the boys took out their old toys and put 5. together. A few
minutes later， she brought Lucy， her much-loved doll. She put the doll on
top of the 6. toys. “Oh， dear，” I said. “7. don’t have
to give Lucy. You love her so much.” Meghan said， “Lucy makes me
happy， Mommy. Maybe she’ll make 8. little girl happy， too.”
I looked at Meghan for a long moment. She taught me a lesson. “It’s easy
to give 9. that we don’t want any more， but hard to give what we
cherish（珍爱）， isn’t it？” I thought to 10. .
them　
other　
You　
another　
something　
myself　

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