资源简介 人教版八年级下册Unit 5 Nature’s Temper 知识清单一、单元核心主题自然灾害与自然现象——学习描述自然灾害、了解其影响、讨论应对措施及人与自然的关系。二、核心词汇英文 中文 英文 中文earthquake 地震 high/low 高/低的flood 洪水 fast/slow 快/慢的drought 干旱 serious/severe 严重的nature’s temper 自然的脾气 sudden 突然的natural disaster 自然灾害 dangerous 危险的damage (n./v.) 破坏 safe 安全的destroy (v.) 摧毁 predict (v.) 预测affect (v.) 影响 forecast (n./v.) 预报hit/strike (v.) 袭击 shelter (n.) 避难所warn (v.) 警告 rescue (v./n.) 救援prepare (v.) 准备 survive (v.) 幸存power (n.) 力量;电力 help (v./n.) 帮助safety tips 安全提示 rebuild (v.) 重建strong/weak 强/弱的 supply (n.) 供应品heavy/light 大/小的 first aid 急救三、重点句型与功能表达1. 描述灾害发生An earthquake hit/struck the city yesterday.(昨天一场地震袭击了该市。)There was a heavy flood last week.(上周发生了严重洪灾。)The typhoon is coming/approaching.(台风即将来临。)It is raining heavily/snowing heavily.(正在下大雨/大雪。)2. 询问与了解灾害情况What happened (发生了什么?)When did the flood start (洪水什么时候开始的?)How serious is the damage (破坏有多严重?)Were many people affected (很多人受到影响了吗?)What’s the weather forecast for tomorrow (明天的天气预报怎样?)3. 谈论影响与后果Many houses were destroyed.(许多房屋被毁。)The roads are blocked.(道路被阻断。)Some people lost their homes.(一些人无家可归。)It caused a lot of problems.(这引发了许多问题。)4. 给出安全建议与指令(本单元重点)句型 中文You should/shouldn’t… You should stay indoors. 你应该/不应该…… 你应该待在室内。You must/mustn’t… You must leave this area. 你必须/禁止…… 你必须离开这个区域。Don’t… Don’t go outside. 不要…… 不要外出。It’s important to… It’s important to keep calm. ……很重要。 保持冷静很重要。Make sure … Make sure you have enough water. 务必…… 务必储备足够的水。If…, … If an earthquake happens, hide under a table. 如果……,就…… 如果地震发生,就躲在桌子下。5. 表达感受与关切I’m worried about the people there.(我担心那里的人们。)It’s so sad to see the news.(看到这新闻真令人难过。)We should help each other.(我们应该互相帮助。)I hope everyone is safe.(我希望大家都平安。)四、语法精讲1. 情态动词 must 与 have to (本单元重点)must:强调说话人的主观看法或规则要求。肯定:must + 动词原形You must follow the safety rules.(你必须遵守安全规则。)否定:must not (mustn’t) + 动词原形(表示“禁止”、“不允许”)You mustn’t go near the river during a flood.(洪水期间禁止靠近河流。)注意: must 一般没有过去式;否定回答“不必”用 needn’t 或 don’t have to。have to:强调客观环境或外部要求“不得不”。有时态变化:have to / has to(现在),had to(过去),will have to(将来)肯定:We have to prepare an emergency kit.(我们得准备一个应急包。)否定:don’t/doesn’t have to(表示“不必”)You don’t have to worry now.(你现在不必担心。)主要区别:must 更主观、正式;have to 更客观。mustn’t 表“禁止”;don’t have to 表“不必”。2. if 引导的条件状语从句(真实条件句)功能:谈论可能发生的事情及应采取的措施。结构:If + 条件从句(一般现在时),+ 主句(用一般将来时或情态动词)例句:If a typhoon comes, we will stay at home. 如果台风来临,我们将待在家里。If you see lightning, you shouldn’t stand under a tree.如果你看到闪电,你不应该站在树下。注意:遵循“主将从现”原则——主句用将来时或情态动词,从句用一般现在时表将来。一般过去时的被动语态功能:描述灾害中事物/人所承受的影响(不知道或无需指出动作发出者)。结构:was/were + 动词过去分词例句:Many trees were blown down by the strong wind.(许多树被大风吹倒。)The bridge was destroyed in the flood.(桥在洪水中被毁。)People were warned to stay indoors.(人们被警告待在室内。)五、课本重点情景与语篇分析Section A 典型对话(灾害预警与建议):A: Did you hear the weather forecast A strong typhoon is coming.B: Yes, we must prepare for it. What should we do A: First, we should buy enough food and water. And we must close all the windows.B: Right. If the wind gets too strong, we’d better stay away from the windows.A: And don’t forget to keep your phone charged.六、易错点与学习提醒1. “affect” 与 “effect” 的区别:affect (v.) 影响:The flood affected thousands of people.effect (n.) 效果:The flood had a bad effect on the city.2. “damage” 的用法:作不可数名词:cause serious damage作动词:The storm damaged many houses.3. “warn” 的搭配:warn sb. (not) to do sth.: They warned us to leave early.warn sb. about/of sth.: They warned us about the coming storm.5. “if” 条件句中时态误用:错:If a typhoon will come, we will stay home.对:If a typhoon comes, we will stay home. (主将从现)6. “must” 与 “have to” 否定含义迥异:You mustn’t go out.(禁止出去。)You don’t have to go out.(不必出去,但可以出去。) 展开更多...... 收起↑ 资源预览