2026年中考复习专题 9 简单句和主谓一致课件(共35张PPT)

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2026年中考复习专题 9 简单句和主谓一致课件(共35张PPT)

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(共35张PPT)
第二部分 语法专题突破
专题九 简单句和主谓一致
目录
CONTENTS
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看导图 知规律
知考向 析考点
练语篇 提能力
(完形填空:2020.51;语篇填空第一节:2020.63,2016.66;语篇填
空第二节:5年4考)
考向一 疑问句
1. [2020河南51题改编] This woman was a cat hater and everyone knew it,
so he asked her, “ are you buying cat food?”
A. Why B. How C. When D. Where
考法总结
河南中考对疑问句的考查,主要集中在完形填空及往年单选中对特殊疑问句
中疑问词的用法的考查。不排除之后中考中在语篇填空第一节或第二节中选
填或盲填疑问词的可能性。
A 
1. 一般疑问句
(1)Be+主语+其他?→Is Mr. Wang an English teacher?
(2)情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他?→Can we bring music players to
school?
(3)助动词+主语+动词原形/现在分词/过去分词+其他?→Do you have a
ping-pong bat?
 疑问句一般分三种:一般疑问句、特殊疑问句及选择疑问句。
2. 特殊疑问句
结构:特殊疑问词(组)+一般疑问句?
特殊疑问词 who问身份;which问特定的人或物;what问事物、抽象概念、职业或身份;whose问所属;when问时间;why问原因;where问地点及位置
特殊疑问词组 how long 多长(时间);how often 多久一次(频率);how soon 多久以后(对in+一段时间提问);how many多少(可数名词数
量);how much多少(不可数名词数量或价格);how far多远(距离);how old 多大(年龄);what size 多大(尺寸);what time什么时间(时间点)
3. 选择疑问句
(1)一般疑问句+选择项+or+选择项?如:
-Is he tall or short?
-He isn’t tall or short. He is of medium height.
(2)特殊疑问句+选择项+or+选择项?如:
-Which season do you like better,summer or winter?
-I like winter better.
考向二 祈使句
2. [2018河南30题改编] (treat) everyone with politeness
even those who are very rude to you, not because they are nice, but
because you are. 写作佳句
3. [2015河南34题改编] (be) kind and helpful to the people around
us, and we will make the world a nicer place to live in.
Treat 
写作佳句
Be 
考法总结
河南中考对祈使句的考查主要集中在语篇填空第一节填句首动词原形或往年
单选中填动词原形或be型祈使句中的be动词。
  祈使句用于表示命令、建议、请求或劝告等。通常省略主语,谓语动词
用原形。其具体结构如下:
类型 肯定结构及例句 否定结构及例句
Do型 动词原形+其他:
Open the door. Don’t +动词原形+其他:Don’t stand up!
Be型 Be+表语:Be quiet! Don’t+be+表语:Don’t be late for class!
类型 肯定结构及例句 否定结构及例句
Let型 Let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Let’s have another try. Don’t +let+宾语+动词原形+其他:Don’t
let the boy draw here.
Let+宾语+not+动词原形+其他:Let’s
not wait outside the gate.
Never型 —— Never+动词原形:Never leave today’s work
till tomorrow.
No型 —— No+名词/动名词:No parking!
1. Let’s开头的祈使句,其答语通常为“Good idea./OK. ”等。其他祈使句
的答语通常用一般将来时。否定祈使句的答语常用“Sorry/No, I won’t (do
it again).”等。如:
-Let’s go to the park. -Good idea.
-Please remember to bring my notebook to school. -OK, I will.
【拓展】
2. “祈使句+and/or+陈述句(表结果)”结构,可转换为含if引导的条件
状语从句的复合句。 如:
Work harder, and you will find it not difficult to learn.=If you
work harder, you will find it not difficult to learn. 再努力些,你就会
发现学习并不难。
考向三 感叹句
4. [2016河南23题改编]- a bad day!
-Everyone has one of those days when nothing goes right. (盲填)
考法总结
河南中考未直接对感叹句进行过考查,一般会结合其他知识点考查感叹句。
考生应掌握感叹句中what和how感叹词分别适用的不同情况。
What 
1. what引导的感叹句(中心词为名词)
①What + a/an + adj.+单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如:
What a kind heart you have! 你的心肠真好!
②What + adj. +不可数名词/可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)!如:
What interesting stories he’s told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣!
What great progress she has made! 她取得了多么大的进步啊!
  感叹句用来表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情,通常用what或how引导。
2. how引导的感叹句(中心词为形容词或副词)
①How + adj./adv.(+主语+谓语)!如:
How clever the boy is! 这男孩真聪明!
②How + adj. + a/an +单数可数名词(+主语+谓语)!如:
How clever a boy he is! 他真是个聪明的男孩!
③How+主语+谓语!如:
How time flies! 时间过得真快呀!
【拓展】如何判断用what还是how来引导感叹句:
1. 凡是以a/an开头的,多用what;
2. 凡是形容词直接加名词的,多用what;此处尤其要注意一些不可数名词与
形容词连用的情况,如:weather,news,advice,fun,information,work,
traffic等;
3. 其他一般用how。
口诀助记:感叹句要记牢,句子主谓先划掉,再来确定what/how;再在形
容词后找,若有名词用what,没有名词用how。
考向四 There be句型
5. [2023河南70题改编] is a lot to see in the museum.(盲填)
6. [2022河南66题改编]A great saying always helps a lot. There
a lot of great Chinese sayings and many of them are about how to live a
good life. (盲填)
7. [2020河南70题改编] She smiled and said, “Oh, Dad, is a
man’s face on the other side of the map. I just tried to make his face complete.”
(盲填)
There 
are 
there 
考法总结
河南中考对There be句型的考查主要集中在填写there或be动词。这一考法主
要出现在2020年开始的新题型语篇填空第二节中。
1. There be句型的结构及用法
结构:“There be+主语(人或物)+地点/时间状语”,表示“某处(或某
时)有某人(或某物)”。
用法:遵循就近原则。be动词必须和邻近主语在数上保持一致,即就近原
则。如:
There is a pen and some books on the desk.  There are some books and a pen on
the desk.
2. There be句型的不同句式
肯定句式:There be+主语+地点/时间状语。如: There is some water in the
glass.
否定句式:There be+not/no+主语+地点/时间状语。如:There isn’t any
water in the glass.
一般疑问句:Be+there+主语+地点/时间状语?如:Is there any water in the
glass?
 特殊疑问句:对主语提问,主语是人用who,主语是物用what。无论原句
的主语是单数还是复数,提问时一般都用be的单数形式。结构为What/Who
+be+地点/时间状语?如:Who is in the room?
对地点提问,用Where+be+主语?如:Where is the computer?
对数量提问,用How much/How many+主语+be+there+地点/时间状语?
如:How much water is there in the glass?
3. 常见含There be的句型
There is a lot to see/to do/to finish.
4. There be 句型和have的区别
(1)There be句型表示“存在”,强调“有某人/物”,不表示所属关
系。如:
There is a science lab next to the library. 图书馆旁边有一个科学实验室。
There are more than two ways to solve this math problem. 这道数学题有两种以
上的解法。
(2)have表示所属关系,强调“某人/物拥有……”。如:
Uncle Sam has a big restaurant on the corner of the street. 萨姆叔叔在这条街的
街角有一家大餐馆。
考向五 主谓一致
8. [2021河南64题改编] Every year thousands of students (visit) the
Red Flag Canal Museum.
考法总结
河南中考对主谓一致的考查一般结合其他语法点,如主谓一致与动词的时态或语态等结合考查。
visit 
用单数
  主谓一致三原则为:语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。
(课标要求三级+,仅作理解)
1. 语法一致原则(主语的单复数决定了谓语动词的单复数)
谓语动词
谓语动词用复数
【特殊情况】
1. 主语后面跟介词(或介词短语)如with, together with, as well as,
along with, besides, like, but, except, including, rather than等时,谓
语动词的数取决于主语的数。如:
The woman with two children is her aunt.
All the students except Li Hua have seen the film.
The teacher as well as some of the students was given a chance to go abroad last year.
My mother, together with her friends, has been to Shanghai.
2. a lot of/lots of/the rest of+名词作主语时,谓语动词的数取决于名词的数。如:Lots of money is needed for the project.
3. 名词前有量词(pair/kind/piece等)修饰时,谓语动词的数与量词的数一
致。如:
This pair of trousers is a little expensive.
Three kinds of cake are provided.
①集体名词(family, team, class, group, public)等作主语时,谓语动
词的数取决于主语所表达的概念: 如果表整体,用单数;如果指集体中的成
员,用复数。如:
Class Two is a good class. 二班是一个好班。
Class Two are watching the football game. 二班的学生在观看足球比赛。
②集体名词(people, police)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:The
police are running after the thief.
③the+姓氏名词复数(表一家人或一对夫妇)或the+形容词(表一类人)
作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
2. 意义一致原则(不管主语的形式是单数还是复数,主语的意义决定了谓语
动词的单复数)
The sick need to be looked after.
The Greens enjoy working in China.
④表示重量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等词或短语作主语时,谓语动词
用单数形式。如:
More than three weeks has passed since we came here.
⑤more than one/many a+名词单数作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
More than one student agrees on the plan.
3. 就近一致原则
由either...or...,neither...nor...,not only...but also...,
not...but...或or连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词与较近的主语在数上保持
一致。如:
Not only Jim but also his parents are coming.
Neither you nor I am going there.
语篇填空第二节,每空限填一词。
Passage 1
Just as a famous saying goes, “Reading is to success what water is to
fish.” Reading 1. very important for all humans. Then, 2.
can you develop your reading? 3. is only one way. Let me explain
this 4. you. If you want to learn how to ride a bike, you have to get on
the bike more often until you can ride skillfully. It works the same way with
reading. If you want to improve your reading, try to read as much as you can.
is 
how 
There 
to 
When you finish reading your first book, take another book. If you are going out,
take a magazine, a book, an article or something else to read. When you are
reading, try to understand what message the writer is giving to you. Good books
5. like good friends. Let’s enjoy reading every day!
are 
Passage 2
Hey everyone! I am Joyce Lee, a sixth-grader at The Education
University of Hong Kong Jockey Club Primary School. At my school, there
1. many interesting classes and activities.
One of my favorites 2. computer class. I learn programming skills to
make simple online games or even music.
Another class I like is general class. This class covers knowledge of different
subjects. 3. example, we learn the history of the Qin Dynasty. We also
do some fun science experiments(实验).
are 
is 
For 
4. is the most difficult class? I think it’s visual(视觉) arts.
We don’t just learn drawing. We also learn about architecture(建筑学) and
design.
After school, we have interesting classes including soccer, basketball and
table tennis.
5. colorful my school life is!
What 
How 

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