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专题七　动词与动词短语
动词的词形变化
大部分动词需要根据句子的人称、数和时态在原形的基础上进行词形变化,其变化形式有第三人称单数形式、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。
变化形式 变化规则 例词
第三人称 单数形式 在动词原形后加-s run—runs
以s,ch,x,sh结尾的动词, 在词尾加-es teach—teaches
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先改y为i,再加-es study—studies
[巧记:四川西施]
变化形式 变化规则 例词
现在分词 在动词原形后加-ing read—reading
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,去掉e再加-ing live—living
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,先双写词尾的辅音字母,再加-ing sit—sitting
少数以ie结尾的动词要变ie为y,再加-ing die—dying
lie—lying
变化形式 变化规则 例词
过去式与 过去分词 (规则变化) 在动词原形后加-ed work—worked
以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先改y为i,再加-ed carry—carried
以重读闭音节结尾的动词,先双写词尾的辅音字母,再加-ed stop—stopped
以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d live—lived
动词的分类
动词分为实义动词、系动词、助动词和情态动词。其中实义动词是主要考查点。(情态动词在专题八进行讲解)
1. 实义动词
实义动词本身具有实际意义,表示动作或状态,在句中能独立作谓语。其分类及用法如下:
分类 用法 例句
按句法 功能分 及物 动词 本身意义不完整,需要接宾语才能使意义完整 Please open the window.
请打开窗户。
不及物 动词 本身意义完整,无需接宾语 若不及物动词要接宾语,其后需加适当的介词 He works hard.
他努力工作。
I like listening to music.
我喜欢听音乐。
分类 用法 例句
按动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短分 延续性 动词 表示能够延续的动作,可以与表示时间段的状语(for+时间段,since+时间点,since从句)连用。如:learn,work,keep,sleep,live等 I have lived here for five years.我在这儿住了五年了。
非延续 性动词 也称瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,动作发生后立即结束,不能与表示时间段的状语连用。如:open,die,begin,finish, come,borrow,lend,buy等 I borrowed a book from the library.
我从图书馆借了一本书。
2. 系动词
系动词用于连接主语和表语,表示主语的身份、性质和状态等。系动词后面必须跟形容词、名词或介词短语等作表语。
分类 含义 例句
表状态:be(am/is/are) 是 He is my uncle.他是我的叔叔。
表持续:keep/stay/remain 保持 They always keep silent.
他们总是保持沉默。
表变化:become/get/go/turn 变得 It is getting dark.天色渐渐暗了。
分类 含义 例句
表感官 feel 感觉 The cloth feels soft.这块布摸起来很柔软。
look 看起来 My mother looks very young.
我的妈妈看起来很年轻。
sound 听起来 That sounds interesting.那听起来很有趣。
smell 闻起来 The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。
taste 尝起来 The soup tastes terrible.这汤尝起来很糟糕。
3. 助动词
助动词不能独立作谓语,只能和动词(主要是实义动词)一起构成谓语,用于帮助形成否定句或疑问句,以及在句中构成时态、语态等语法形式。助动词的具体用法如下:
助动词 功能 例句
be (am/is/are, was/were) 构成现在进行时:am/is/are+现在分词 I am listening to music.
我正在听音乐。
构成过去进行时:was/were+现在分词 I was taking a shower at 8:00 last night.昨晚八点我正在洗澡。
构成一般将来时:am/is/are+going to+动词原形 They are going to have a trip next month.下个月他们将要去旅行。
构成被动语态:be(am/is/are/was/were)+过去分词 Many trees are planted every year.
每年种植很多树。
助动词 功能 例句
do/does/did 构成疑问句、否定句 Do you like reading 你喜欢阅读吗
He didn’t go to school yesterday.
他昨天没有去上学。
构成否定祈使句:Don’t+动词原形 Don’t arrive late for class.
上课不要迟到。
用于倒装句 Lucy doesn’t like playing the violin, neither do I. 露西不喜欢拉小提琴,我也不喜欢。
助动词 功能 例句
have/ has/had 构成现在完成时:have/has+过去分词 构成过去完成时:had+过去分词 I have taught English in the school for three years.我已在这所学校教了三年英语了。
will/shall/ would 构成一般将来时:will/shall+动词原形 构成过去将来时:would+动词原形 She will go to Beijing next Monday.
下周一她将去北京。
　 注:为了避免重复,一些句子常常省略与前文相同的谓语动词,而用相应的助动词代替。助动词要与句子的人称、时态一致。这种用法也用于一般疑问句的简略回答中。如:
She won’t go there, but I will.(用助动词will代替will go there)
—Did she finish her homework
—Yes, she did.(用助动词did代替 finished her homework)
动词短语
动词短语是指动词跟介词或副词等构成的固定短语。常见的动词短语有以下几种:
1. 动词+介词
在此类动词短语中,宾语(名词或代词宾格)只能位于介词后面。如:arrive at/in,ask for,come from,laugh at,look after,wait for等。
2. 动词+副词
在此类动词短语中,宾语为代词(宾格)时,只能位于动词和副词之间;宾语为名词时,一般位于副词之后。如:find out,give up,put off,turn on等。
3. 动词+副词+介词
在此类动词短语中,宾语只能位于介词后面。如:come up with,get along with,look forward to等。
4. 动词+名词+介词
在此类动词短语中,名词之前可加形容词来修饰,宾语只能位于介词后面。如:make friends with,pay attention to,take part in,make full use of等。
一、单项选择
( )1. (2025·连云港改编)New types of energy from the sun, wind and water 　　　little pollution and will never run out.
A. burn B. recycle C. produce
( )2. (2025·连云港改编)Our class went on a camping trip last Sunday. We 　　　our tent near a lake.
A. put up B. made up C. took up
C
A
( )3. (2025·天津改编)When David sees these postcards, he will 　　　his wonderful travel experiences.
A. remember B. borrow C. hate
( )4. (2025·天津改编)The Whites like taking exercise, so they 　　　every morning.
A. make a list B. lay the table
C. go for a walk
A
C
( )5. (2025·安徽改编)Paper-cutting is not easy to learn. It 　　　much practice, patience and imagination.
A. explains B. requires C. provides
( )6. (2025·安徽改编)—Thanks a lot for yesterday. I had a good time visiting the ancient town.
—It was my great pleasure to 　　　with you.
A. hang out B. turn around C. look up
B
A
( )7. (2025·龙东)The stewardess(空中乘务员) announced, “Welcome to our flight. The plane will 　　　in ten minutes. Please fasten(系紧) your seat belts.”
A. turn off B. put off C. take off
( )8. (2025·天水改编)A low-fat diet can 　　　the risk of heart disease.
A. help B. reduce C. encourage
C
B
( )9. (2025·遂宁改编)—Helen, 　　　the lights when you leave the room.
—OK, Mr. Smith. I got it.
A. turn on B. turn up C. turn down
( )10. (2025·天水改编)Don’t worry about me—I can 　　　myself.
A. look at B. look after C. look out
A
B
( )11. (2025·扬州改编)Stress comes and goes. Sometimes you just need to 　　　 .
A. sit down B. fall down C. calm down
( )12. (2025·江西改编)Mozart 　　　many pieces of beautiful music. That’s why he is so famous.
A. enjoyed B. created C. bought
C
B
( )13. (2025·达州)—Now we need to come up with a plan to tell people about our book sales.
—I think we could 　　　a sign.
A. put off B. put up C. put in
( )14. (2025·吉林)The earth is our home. Everyone should begin with small things to 　　　it.
A. protect B. move C. leave
B
A
( )15. (2025·绥化)It’s our duty to protect the nature because it 　　　us with fresh air and clean water.
A. provides B. compares C. refuses
( )16. (2025·绥化)The lights are still on and please 　　　to save energy.
A. turn it off B. turn them off C. turn off them
( )17. (2025·福建)—I’d like to travel to Shandong.
—Mount Taishan is a place of interest. You can’t 　　　it.
A. miss B. reach C. change
A
B
A
( )18. (2025·福建)—How did you 　　　the difficult math problem
—With my teacher’s help.
A. work out B. hear about C. give up
A
二、完形填空
When a popular book gets made into a movie, there will always be a discussion about whether the novel or film is better. The filmmakers always have to 　1　 certain things:do they want to 　2　 the book closely to please dedicated(一心一意的) readers, or do they want to 　3　 parts of the book if they don’t translate well on-screen
( )1. A. consider B. describe C. finish
( )2. A. share B. cover C. follow
( )3. A. act B. change C. choose
A
C
B
No matter what they do, there will always be people who 　4　 the movie will never be as good as the book, people who will love the movie without ever reading the book, and people who 　5　 both.
( )4. A. feel B. notice C. imagine
( )5. A. enjoy B. argue C. compare
A
A

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