资源简介

(共40张PPT)
Unit 4
Breaking boundaries
P3 Using language
- Grammar
It as an empty subject
Look at the sentences and answer the questions. Sentences (a) and (c) are from the reading passage.
P54 1
1. What does “it” refer to in sentences (a) and (c)
2. What is the difference between the sentences in each group Why does the author choose to use sentences (a) and (c) instead of (b) and (d)
Now look for more sentences using it as an empty subject
in the reading passage, and summarise its use in your own words.
“It” can be used in the subject position to stand for .
an infinitive form
The first sentences in each group use “it” as an empty subject at the beginning of the sentences.
The reason why sentences (a) and (c) are chosen is that the sentences are kept balanced and the key information of the sentences is emphasised.
语法知识点拨
it的用法
it既是宾格又可以做主格，有时也可以指人。
1. 代表前面提到过的事物。
My pen is missing. I can’t find it anywhere.
2. 用来指人，主要指婴儿或者身份不明的人。
---Who is knocking at the door ---It is me.
The woman had a baby. It was five months old.
3. 表示时间、距离、天气等。
It will be sunny tomorrow.
4. 作形式主语或者形式宾语。
It is impossible for us to learn Japanese.
I found it difficult to learn English well first.
形式句真正主语由什么结构承担？
由于主语过长,为了避免头重脚轻,常常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语放在后面。
it作为形式主语主要分为三种情况。
1.代表不定式。根据句子的谓语可以分为四种类型。
(1)It+be+形容词+不定式。
It is difficult to finish this job.
很难完成这项工作。
(2)It+be+名词+不定式。
It was my duty to keep the meeting room clean.
保持会议室干净是我的职责。
(3)It+be+介词短语+不定式。
It was beyond my ability to repair the machine.
修好这台机器不在我的能力范围之内。
(4)It+及物动词+宾语+不定式。
It takes a lot of stamina to run a marathon.
跑马拉松需要很大的耐力。
语境运用
完成句子
①开车的时候一直系着安全带是非常重要的。
　　　 　　　 　 to always wear a safety belt when you’re driving.
②在周六早上出去散步是她的习惯。
　　　　 　　　　 to go for a walk on Saturday morning.
③成千上万的人花了十年的时间建造了这座宫殿。
It took thousands of people ten years 　　　　　　　　 　.
It is essential
It is her custom
to build the palace
2.代表动名词。根据句子的谓语可以分为两种类型。
(1)It+be+名词+动名词。
It is no use doing that.
那样做没有用。
(2)It+be+形容词+动名词。
It’s pleasant sitting here.
坐在这里很愉快。
语境运用
完成句子
①熬夜没有好处。
It’s no good 　　　　　　　　.
②到陌生的地方游玩真是有意思。
It is fun 　　　　　　　　　.
staying up late
visiting new places
3.代表从句。常用的主要有以下五种类型。
(1)It+be+形容词(clear/obvious/true/natural/surprising/good/wonderful/funny/possible/likely/probable/certain/fortunate/...)+that从句。
It was surprising that she passed the difficult exam.
真让人惊讶,她居然通过了这次有难度的考试。
此句中,it为形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的从句“that she passed the difficult exam”。
It is clear that he told a lie.
很明显,他撒谎了。
此句中,it为形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的从句“that he told a lie”。
(2)It+be+过去分词(said/reported/believed/thought/expected/announced/confirmed/...)+that从句。
It’s said that they are opposite-sex twins.
听说他们是龙凤胎。
此句中,it为形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的从句。
(3)It+be+名词(a pity/no wonder/an honour/a good idea/a fact/
good news/...)+that从句。
It is no wonder that you didn’t pass the exam.
难怪你没有通过考试。
此句中,it为形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的从句。
(4)It+不及物 (短语)动词(seem/happen/appear/look/occur/turn out/...)+that从句。
It happened that they were out that day.
碰巧那天他们不在家。
(5)It+及物动词(worry/shock/...)(+sb/sth)+that从句。
It shocks me that he failed this exam.
他没有通过这次考试,这使我感到震惊。
此句中,从句用的是一般过去时,说明考试失利这件事发生在过去,it后的谓语动词用的是一般现在时,说明“我”知道他考试失利这件事发生在现在。it为形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的从句。
温馨提示
①使用suggested、advised、required、requested、insisted、ordered等表示建议、要求、命令等含义的词时,从句应该用虚拟语气,其谓语动词为(should+)动词原形。
It’s suggested that students (should) make their beds by themselves.
有人建议学生应该自己铺床。
suggested表示建议,后面通常使用虚拟语气,其中should可以省略。it为该句的形式主语,真正的主语为that引导的从句。
②当表语或宾语也为从句时,不能用it作形式主语。
A.What moved me is that they devoted the rest of their lives to scientific investigation.
让我感动的是他们将自己的余生献给了科学研究事业。
因为该句中that引导的从句位于系动词is的后面,为表语从句,所以此时不用it作形式主语。what引导的从句为句子真正的主语,且在该句中位于句首。
B.That I come here means that he has invited me.
我来这里就表明他已经邀请过我了。
第一个that引导的从句是句子真正的主语,此时不能用it作形式主语。第二个that引导的从句位于谓语动词means的后面,充当宾语,属于宾语从句。
语境运用
句子语法填空
①It’s a pity 　　　　 I didn’t think of it earlier.
②Just then it 　　　 　 (occur) to me that another opportunity was knocking.
③It is universally acknowledged 　　　　 it’s very difficult to shake off bad habits.
that
occurred
that
④It 　 　　　 (believe) that tea was brought to Korea and Japan during the 6th and 7th centuries.
⑤It is necessary that food 　　 　　 (send) to them at once.
⑥It satisfied her mother 　　　　 she completed the performance perfectly.
is believed
(should) be sent
that
真题体验
1.(2023·浙江1月卷)A few days later,I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries,and my dad commented on how silly
　　　　 was for me to carry jars everywhere.
2.(2023·浙江1月卷)But no matter when you travel,it’s a good idea 　　　 　 (make) your reservations at least 90 days in advance.
it
to make
3.(2023·浙江1月卷)If 　　 　 takes the train 53 seconds to travel one mile,you’re going 67.92 mph.
4.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)It 　 　　　 (announce) that my train would arrive in 10 minutes.
5.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)It just 　　 　　 (happen) that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot,Karen,who offered to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.
it
was announced
happened
6.(2023·新高考全国Ⅱ卷)　　　　 has been an honour to watch the panda programme develop and to see the pandas settle into their new home.
7.(2023·全国乙卷)As 　　　　 turned out,Douglas did exactly what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she defeated two Russians.
It
it
1.it　此处的it是形式主语,真正的主语是to carry jars everywhere。本题考查“It + be +形容词+不定式”结构。故填it。
2.to make　此处的it是形式主语,真正的主语是to make your reservations at least 90 days in advance。本题考查“It + be +名词+不定式”结构。故填to make。
3.it　此处的it是形式主语,真正的主语是to travel one mile。本题考查“It +及物动词+宾语+不定式”结构。故填it。
4.was announced　此处的it是形式主语,真正的主语是that my train would arrive in 10 minutes。本题考查“It+be+过去分词+that从句”结构。故填was announced。
5.happened　此处的it是形式主语,真正的主语是“that I was planning...to Virginia”。本题考查“It+不及物动词+that从句”结构。故填happened。
6.It　此处的it是形式主语,真正的主语是“to watch...their new home”。本题考查“It + be +名词+不定式”结构。故填It。
7.it　As it turned out在句中为非限制性定语从句,其中it为形式主语,指代as所指代的成分,as指代后面的主句“Douglas did exactly what...defeated two Russians”。故填it。
语法专项训练
Ⅰ.句子语法填空
1.As far as I’m concerned,it’s necessary 　　　　 (have) a good command of English.
2.It was really very kind of you 　　 　　 (give) me a lift home.
3.It is useless 　　 　　 (wait) here doing nothing.
4.It hit me all of a sudden 　　　　 I had forgotten her birthday.
5.With little or no previous experience,　　　　 is no wonder that you always make mistakes.
to have
to give
waiting
that
it
Ⅱ.完成句子
1.很遗憾你错过了这次宝贵的机会。
　　　　　　　　 you miss the invaluable opportunity.
2.似乎每个人都想为庆典做些什么。
　　　　　　 everyone wants to do something for the celebration.
3.希望你慎重考虑一下这个事情,并且尽早给我们答复。
　　　　　　　　 you will seriously take this matter into consideration and give us a reply at your earliest convenience.
It is a pity that
It seems that
It is hoped that
4.鲸不是鱼,这是一个常识。
　　　　　　　　　　 that the whale is not a fish.
5.很明显,我们的国家正在变得越来越强大和富有。
　　　　　　 　 our country is becoming stronger and wealthier.
It is a common sense
It is obvious that
Ⅰ. 用适当的内容或括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. It is impossible ______ (get) there by boat.
2. They are good friends. ______ is no wonder that they know each other very well.
3. _____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.
4. It seemed ________ he didn’t tell the truth.
5. It took the workers almost three years ________ (build) the station.
6. It is uncertain __________ he can come to Jenny’s birthday party.
to get
It
It
that
to build
whether
It is known to us _______ the mobile phone plays a very important part in our life and work. Is it possible for us ________ (live) without it Perhaps the answer is NO. ____ is a habit for most people _______ (turn) on their smart phones and surf the Internet as soon as they wake up. And it seems _______ there is something important waiting for them to deal with. What’s more, some people spend all day playing games on the phone. We know it is difficult for them _______ (beat) their addiction. So ____ is our duty to call on the public to reduce the time they spend on the phone.
Ⅱ. 用适当的内容或括号中所给单词的适当形式，完成短文。
that
to live
It
to beat
it
that
to turn
Thank you for your listening

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