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(共42张PPT)
人教版2019必修第二册
Unit 5　Music
Discovering Useful Structures
Learning objectives:
At the end of this lesson, students are able to:
Identify the functions of past participles (as predicative and adverbial) in sentences.
Master the differences between past participles and present participles when used as predicative or adverbial.
Apply past participles correctly in practical exercises (e.g., filling in blanks, sentence transformation).
Lead-in：
Listen and pay attention to red words.
It’s a really old city
Stuck between the dead and the living
So I thought to myself, sitting on a graveyard shelf
As the echo of heartbeats, from the ground below my feet
Filled a cemetery in the center of Queens
I started running the maze of
The names and the dates, some older than others
The skyscrapers, little tombstone brothers
With Manhattan behind her, three million stunning reminders
Built a cemetery in the center of Queens
You said, remember that life is
Not meant to be wasted
We can always be chasing the sun!
They are past participles
Lead-in：
What are the functions of these past participles
1. Born in the USA on 2 January 1970, Whitacre began studying music at the
University of Nevada in 1988.
2. The audience were amazed by the beautiful music the six-year-old pianist
played.
3. My cousin is very interested in music.
4. Moved by this music, he said, "It was like seeing color for the first time.
5. Well known as a successful band, the Impact members show quite a few
striking abilities.
(Predicative)
(Adverbial)
(Predicative)
(Adverbial)
(Adverbial)
He looked tired after working all day.
We were excited about the trip.
The children seemed frightened by the loud noise.
He was disappointed with his son's grades.
“动词的过去分词形式（-ed / -en 等）”当作形容词来用，放在系动词（如 be, get, feel, look, become 等）后面，用来描述主语的性质，状态或特征。
观察下列句子所作成分并总结规律
Past Participle as the Predicative：
常见的系动词有：
1. 状态系动词：be
2. 持续系动词：keep, remain, stay, lie, stand
3. 表象系动词：seem, appear
4. 感官系动词：look, smell, sound, taste, feel
5. 变化系动词：become, grow, turn, fall, get
6. 终止系动词：prove, turn out
Past Participle as the Predicative：
描述状态与感受
过去分词作表语时，通常表示主语是动作的承受者，或者主语目前的心理状态。
1） 表示心理或情感状态（主语大多用于人）
这是最常见的场景，描述人感到“兴奋、惊讶、厌烦”等。这类过去分词通常有delighted，excited，devoted，inspired，encouraged, interested, pleased等等。这些分词几乎可以看作形容词，其中很多都可以被very修饰
I am interested in this book. （我对这本书感兴趣。）
2） 表示被动或所处的位置或状态（人或物当前的状况）
The door remained locked. （门依然锁着。）
Past Participle as the Predicative：
The cup is broken. 茶杯碎了。
2. 及物动词可以带宾语，所以它的的过去分词作表语，与句子主语是被动关系（即主语是动作的承受者），表示主语的状态，既表示被动，又表示完成。
核心含义：表示主语所处的被动状态。
结构：主语 + be + 及物动词的过去分词。
常见例子：
The window is closed. （窗户是关着的。——强调状态，而不是“正在被关”的动作）
Past Participle as the Predicative：
常见例子：
She was shocked by the news. （她对这个消息感到震惊。）
The problem is settled. （这个问题解决了。）
注意：很多表示情感的及物动词（如 interest, surprise, excite, move 等），其过去分词作表语时，专门用来描述人的主观感受（即“感到……的”），此时虽然形式上是被动，但语义上更接近一种心理状态。
We were bored during the lecture. （讲座期间我们感到无聊。）
I am tired of waiting. （我厌烦等待了。）
Past Participle as the Predicative：
He is retired. 他已退休。
3. 不及物动词本身不能带宾语，所以它的过去分词作表语时，没有被动含义，主语处于动作结束后的状态。只表示动作的完成。
核心含义：表示主语自身动作的完成。
结构：主语 + be + 不及物动词的过去分词
常见例子：
The leaves are fallen. （叶子已经落了。——叶子自己落下来，不是被别人落）
He is gone. （他已经走了。——强调“不在这里”的状态）
Past Participle as the Predicative：
The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains.这座城市三面环山。
4.有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。
Past Participle as the Predicative：
(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.
茶杯是昨天我妹妹打碎的。
(2) The library is now closed.
图书馆关门了
【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，主要是表示主语的状态，而被动语态则表示动作。
被动语态，表示动作
过去分词作表语
Past Participle as the Predicative：
经典辨析：与被动语态的区别
结构 侧重点 例子与解析
过去分词作表语 状态
强调主语现在的样子 The glass is broken.
（玻璃杯碎了。——强调状态，它现在是碎的。）
被动语态 动作
强调动作的发生及执行者 The glass was broken by Tom.
（玻璃杯是被汤姆打碎的。——强调动作，是汤姆打碎了它。）
经典辨析：与被动语态的区别
Past Participle as the Predicative：
(3) The book is interesting and I’m interested in it.
这本书很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。
【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行。有些动词如 interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其-ing形式表示人 / 物给人带来的感受，用过去分词形式表示人的感受。
有些过去分词（短语）源于系表结构，作状语时
不表动作而表状态。
be dressed in
be lost in 沉浸在
be devoted to 致力于
be supposed to 应该
be located in 位于
be buried in 专心于
be compared with
be seated
be prepared for
be determined to do
be tired of 厌烦
be absorbed in
be born in…
be occupied in 忙于…
___________(absorb) in deep thought, he didn’t hear the sound.
因为沉浸在思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。
Absorbed
amused (愉快的)； broken (碎了的)；
closed (关闭的)； astonished (吃惊的)；crowded (拥挤的)； experienced (有经验的); delighted (高兴的)； lost (丢失的)；
gone (遗失的)； disappointed (失望的)；worried (担忧的)； interested (感兴趣的)； tired (疲劳的)； pleased (高兴的)；satisfied (满意的)； surprised (吃惊的); married (已婚的)； known (著名的) 等等
常见的作表语的V-ed有:
Past Participle as the Adverbial：
过去分词（Past Participle）在句子中作状语时，主要用来修饰谓语动词，说明动作发生的背景、原因、时间、条件等。它的核心含义通常包含被动（动作由主语承受）和完成（动作发生在谓语动词之前或同时存在）。
Given more attention, the tree can grow better.
如果多加注意，这棵树会长得更好。
Guided by these principles, they went on with the work.
在这些方针的指导下，他们继续进行这项工作。
【注意】
与完整的状语从句相比，省略主语的过去分词（短语）在表达上更为简洁和凝练，同时突出了句子表达重心，在正式文体中使用较多，是较高级的组织方式。
过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。
Once published, the book became a bestseller.
1.时间状语
这种用法表示动作发生的时间背景，通常可以加上 when, while 或 after 等连词。它既可以表示动作同时发生，也可以表示分词动作先于谓语动作完成。
＝Once it was published, the book became a bestseller.
When (accompany)by parents, kids can enter the park.
＝When by parents, kids can enter the park.
accompanied
they are accompanied
① Frightened by the noise, the child began to cry..
2.原因状语
＝Since/As she was given advice by the police, the lady kept calm.
② Given advice by the police, the lady kept calm .
＝Because he was frightened by the noise, the child began to cry
这种用法通常放在句首，用来解释主句动作发生的原因，逻辑上相当于 because 引导的从句。
用法特点：说明主语之所以发生谓语动作，是因为它“被”怎么样了。
Given more time, we will do better.
3.条件状语
这种用法通常位于句首，提出一种假设或前提条件,可转换为 if 引导的条件状语从句。
＝If we are given more time, we will do better.
4.让步状语
这种用法表示“虽然……但是……”或“即使……”的意思，通常可以加上although, though 或 even if。
Beaten by the enemy, he refused to give in.
＝Even if he was beaten by the enemy, he refused to give in.
5.方式或伴随状语
这种用法通常放在句尾（有时也在句首），用来补充说明主句动作发生时伴随的状态或方式。
The teacher came in, followed by his students.
= The teacher came in and was followed by his students.
注意：
1.逻辑主语必须一致
过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致。如果主句主语不能承受该动作，句子就是错误的。
正确：Seen from the moon, the earth looks blue. (地球被看)
错误：Seen from the moon, we see the earth is blue. (我们被看？逻辑不通)
Past Participle as the Adverbial：
注意：
2. 形容词化的过去分词（表状态）
有些过去分词已经演变成了形容词，用来描述主语的状态（系表结构），而不是强调动作。这些词作状语时，重在“状态”而非“被动动作”。常见的有：
lost (迷路/沉思): Lost in thought, he didn't hear me.
seated (坐着): Seated at the back, he couldn't see clearly.
dressed (穿着): Dressed in red, she looks younger.
tired (厌倦): Tired of the noise, he left the room.
注意：
3. 位置灵活，“连词 + 分词”结构
句首：通常表示原因、时间、条件或让步。为了使关系更明确，分词前有时可以加上连词（如 when, while, if, though, once 等）。这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语＋be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是，省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为it。
例句： When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. (当你做体检时，你应该保持冷静。)
Even if invited(＝Even if I’m invited), I won’t take part in the party.
即使受到邀请，我也不会参加这个聚会的。
句末：通常表示伴随、方式或补充说明。
例：She stood there, deeply moved.
1.Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.
(see与句子主语the city之间逻辑：被动关系)
2.Seeing from the hill, you will find that the city looks beautiful.
(see与句子主语you之间逻辑：主动关系)
注意:过去分词 和 现在分词 作状语的区别
过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别总结。
特征 现在分词 (Doing) 过去分词 (Done
逻辑关系 主动 (主语是动作发出者) 被动 (主语是动作承受者)
动作状态 进行中、未完成、与谓语同时 已完成、状态、或被动意味
例句对比 Seeing from the top, we found the city beautiful. (我们主动看) Seen from the top, the city looks beautiful. (城市被看)
1 Henry was highly interested in music and began to write original compositions when he was in high school.
Highly interested in music, Henry began to write original compositions when he was in high school.
2 They were pleased with his music and songs and finally invited him to perform in the Silver Hall.
Pleased with his music and songs, they finally invited him to perform in the Silver Hall.
1. 找到含有过去分词的句子 2. 找到两个句子共同的主语
3. 省略连词和主语及相关部分 4. 整理句子
Consolidation
助记　分词作状语记忆口诀
分词作状语，主语是问题。
前后两动作，共用一主语。
主语找出后，再来判关系。
主动用-ing，被动用-ed。
Used for a long time，the book looks old.(动宾关系)
由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去陈旧。
注意：无论是现在分词还是过去分词，其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表达形式。
Given a chance, we can surprise the world.
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.
Past Participle as the Adverbial：
Because he was exhausted, he fell fast asleep.
= exhausted, he fell fast asleep.
Because
Exhausted
过去分词作原因状语
Practice：
1. ——How did Bob do in the exam this time
——Well, his father seems ______ with his results.
A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to please
2. After the heavy rain, many cars got ________ in the mud.
A. catch B. catching C. caught D. being caught
3. What surprised me most was that the leader of that country got ________ .
A. kill B. killing C. killed D. to be killed
过去分词作表语
Practice：
4. When I went in, they were ________ in a heated discussion.
A. absorb B. absorbed C. absorbing D. being absorbed
5. The door remained ________ .
locked B. to lock C. locking D. lock
6. With ________ leaves _______in the earth every year, the soil becomes richer and richer.
A. falling; burying B. fallen; buried
C. fallen; burying D. falling; buried
过去分词作表语
Practice：
7. He looks very ________ .
excite B. exciting C. excited D. to excite
8. The Emperor's New Clothes, is an ________ text. All of us are ________ in it.
A. exciting; exciting B. excited; excited
C. excited; exciting D. exciting; excited
9. How did Bob do in the exam this time
——Well, his father seems ______ with his results.
A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. to pleas
过去分词作表语
Practice：
10. As we joined the big crowd I got ________ from my friends.
A. separated B. spared C. lost D. missed
过去分词作表语
过去分词填空
The window is ______ (break), so the room is cold.
She felt ______ (excite) about the trip to the mountains.
I was ____ __ (surprise) to see him at the party.
The children are ______ (tire) after playing all day.
The door remains ______ (lock), so we can't go in.
He seemed ______ (please) with the result of the experiment.
We were ______ (shock) by the news of the accident.
The cake tastes ______ (make) with fresh ingredients.
The problem is ______ (solve) in a simple way.
broken
excited
surprised
locked
tired
pleased
shocked
made
solved
Practice：
1. Though ____ of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.
　A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned
2. ____ from this point of view, the question will be of great importance.
A. Considering B. Considered
C. Being considered D. Consider
3. ____ and ____, they ran out of the room.
　A. Being excited；happily B. Exciting；happy
　C. Exciting；happily D. Excited；happy
过去分词作状语
Practice：
4. ____ deep down in the earth, the dead forests rotted away and became coal.
　A. Buried B. Burying C. To bury D. Being buried
5. If ____ green，the door might look more beautiful.
A. paint B. painted C. painting D. to paint
6. Eva， ____ in Canada, lived and practiced law in America.
was born B. he was born C. although born D. being born
7. Everything ____, it wasn’t a bad holiday.
　 A. considering B. considered C. to consider D. consider
过去分词作状语
Practice：
8. ____, the old man is living a happy life.
　 A. Taking good care B. Taken good care
　 C. Having taken good care D. Taken good care of
9. We are certain that everything will go well as ____.
　 A. to be planned B. planned
C. being planned D. having been planned
过去分词作状语
Practice：
10. ——What’s wrong
　 ——I want to know why you didn’t do as ____.
　A. to be told B. telling C. told D. told to
11. _____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean doesn’t seem big at all.
A. Compare B. When comparing
C. Comparing D. When compared
过去分词作状语
Practice：
1.________ (give) more time, I could have done it better.
2. ________ (see) from the top of the hill, the city looks beautiful.
3. ________ (shock) by the news, he didn't know what to say.
4. ________ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into a tree.
5. ________ (tell) many times, he still made the same mistake.
过去分词作状语
Given
Seen
Shocked
Lost
Told
Practice：
6. ________ (dress) in white, she looks like an angel.
7. ________ (invite), I will attend the party.
8. ________ (surround) by mountains, the village is hard to reach.
9. ________ (exhaust), the climbers decided to take a rest.
10. ________ (follow) by a group of children, the old man walked slowly.
过去分词作状语
Followed
Exhausted
Surrounded
Invited
Dressed
Practice：
Test for goals
1. Although __________(warn) of danger, tourists can't help taking photos near the cliff.
2. Online shopping, when __________(perform) properly, can save a lot of time, money and energy.
3. Clearly and thoughtfully __________(write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
4. Since he was __________(shock) at the terrible working conditions, he quickly decided to quit the job.
5. He won't get __________(lose), for he has a good sense of direction.
warned
performed
writen
shocked
lost
Thank You !
Discovering Useful Structures
人教版2019必修第二册

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