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(共17张PPT)
过去完成时
&
过去完成时的
被动语态
CONTENTS
01
一、过去完成时及过去完成时的被动语态
02
二、基本用法
03
三、与现在完成时的区别
04
四、与一般过去时的区别
【Learning objectives学习目标】
At the end of this class, you will be able to:
1.recognize and summarize the structure and function of the the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice;
2. tell the differences between present perfect tense and past perfect tense;
3. use the past perfect tense and the past perfect passive voice correctly in context.
【Learning process学习过程】
探究问题1：过去完成时的定义和结构
The chef had set up a farm-to-table restaurant before his new cookbook was published.
A new farm-to-table restaurant had been set up by the chef before his new cookbook was published.
They had finished their dinner by the time Sam joined them.
Their dinner had been finished by the time Sam joined them.
总结：过去完成时的定义：表示发生在__________________________ __________的动作或状态, 即
过去某一时刻已经完
成的动作
过去的过去。
过去完成时的结构
1.肯定句:主语+________________+其他.
2.否定句:主语+had+not+done+其他.
3.一般疑问句:Had+主语+done+其他
4.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词或词组+had+主语+done+其他
被动语态的结构:____________________
had + 过去分词
had been + 过去分词
探究问题2：过去完成时的用法---Usage 1
照样子，依次把下列7个例句的谓语动词标注在时间轴上
past
present
future
1.(had set up） (was published)
2.(had finished) (joined)
3.(____________） （________）
4.(__________________） （____________）
5.(_______________） （____________）
6.(_______________） （____________）
7.(______________） （____________）
had left
arrived
had not been painted lived
had been painted lived
had been painted lived
had been done came back
总结1：过去完成时表示“在过去某一时刻或动作之前已经完成了的动作或状态”,即“过去的过去”,常与by引导的时间状语及than, before, when,until等引导的时间状语从句连用。
〖即学即练〗-口头翻译下列句子
1.She had worked for twelve hours by 8 :00 p.m.
2.My elder sister had worked in the company for 20 years before working here.
3.When my family and I had just arrived in China, we went for a good place to eat in Beijing.
4.I had placed an order before I came to this restaurant.
5.After my homework had been finished, I was allowed to go out.
Usage 2: 参照物
过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”，会有一个过去的时间或者动作为参照物，请圈出下列例句中的参照物。
1.He said that he had known her well.
2.Smith told us the table had been booked.
3.I knew you had tried your best.
4.Have you heard a new cafe had been opened across the street
5.I thought you had been told the news.
总结2：过去完成时还常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句(或间接引语)中,这时从句中的动作发生在主句动作之前。
〖即学即练〗用正确的形式填空
1. She said that she____________（finish）her homework before dinner.
2. Tom told me that the lecture __________ (begin) when he arrived.
3.He asked me whether I ________(see) the movie before.
had finished
had begun
had seen
Usage3：固定句型
1. Scarcely had the votes been counted, when the telephone rang.
2. No sooner had I walked out than I remembered that I forgot my homework.
3. It was the first time she _________ (leave) her motherland.
4.This _____ (be) the first time I had seen Dad so furious.
had left
was
总结3：常用固定句型:“hardly…when…”“no sooner…than…” scarcely...when.. ”等固定句型中。
否定词置于句首，需要 。主句用 ，从句用 。
倒装
过去完成时
一般过去时
这是/ 那是某人第一 / 第二次 / 第……次做……此句型中，若主语中的be动词为was,从句中的谓语则用 ；若主句中的be动词为is, 从句中的谓语则用 。
过去完成时
现在完成时
〖即学即练〗-翻译
1.我刚到车站，火车就开了。(scarcely ... when ...)
2.那是她第二次被授予诺贝尔文学奖。
It was the second time that she had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature.
Scarcely had I arrived at the station when the train departured.
I had scarcely arrived at the station when the train departured.
Usage 4:
1. We had intended to have a barbecue in the open air, but the weather was bad.
2. I had wished __________ (become) a doctor, but I studied law at college.
3. They _______________(plan) to see us off at the airport but our flight was called off.
总结4：hope,wish,plan,want,mean, intend,attempt,suppose think，expect等表示“打算、计划、希望、试图、认为”等的词后，用过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图等。指后面不定式的动作未曾实现。
to become
had planned
〖即学即练〗-根据翻译填空
1.They _______________to help but could not get here in time.他们本想来帮忙，但未及时赶到。
2.I _____________to come over to see you, but was prevented from doing so.
我原打算过来看你，但受阻未成。
3.I ________________to see her again, but I couldn't.我本希望再见她一面，但我没能做到。
4.Monica_____________to have a birthday party but no one came.
莫尼卡本想举办生日聚会，但是没有人来。
5.They _____________to go on an outing yesterday, but it was raining.
他们本计划昨天去远足，可是一直下雨。
help
had wanted
had intended
had hoped
had thought
had planned
探究问题3：相似时态的区分 --现在完成时VS过去完成时
1.Tom has eaten his supper.
2.Tom had eaten his supper in the canteen before he went back home.
3.The family have not finished breakfast.
4.The family were still at table, but they had finished breakfast.
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去,以现在的时间为基点,但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态,以过去的时间为基点,它所表示的动作强调“过去的过去”,只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时,才用到它。
2.过去完成时VS一般过去式
They _____________(arrive) at the station by ten yesterday.
They_____________(arrive) at the station at ten yesterday.
动作发生的时间不同:过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
had arrived
arrived
Consolidation
1.Yesterday she said that her lost key______________(find).
2.I almost knew nothing about the subject, for I ____________ (not study) my lesson attentively.
3.He said he___________(work) in that factory since 1949.
4.I thought that the letter________________ (send) a week before.
5.She didn’t go back home until the work________________(finish).
6.Hardly_____he begun to speak when the audience interrupted him.
7.Robert __________(want) to attend Peter’s birthday party, but an unexpected visitor ruined his plan.
8.It was the third time that he___________(be) out of work that year.
9.We ___________(learn) over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
10.Six hundred trees_______________(plant) before last Wednesday.
11. Hardly__________(he, get) into the room when the telephone rang.
12. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who _______________(trap) in the mountains for two days.
had been found
had not studied
had worked
had been sent
had been finished
had
had wanted
had been
had learnt
had been planted
had he got
had been trapped

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