资源简介

(共41张PPT)
Unit 2
Lessons in life
Using language
Learning Objectives
PART. 01
Understand the daily study and life of British middle school students by watching videos. Based on your own daily study and life, compare the study and life in Chinese and British schools, and find out the similarities and differences between the two. Talk about your first impression of high school life, and have a preliminary perception of the study and life in the senior high school stage.
Learning Objectives
Review and summarize the usage of passive voice. Learn and use English proverbs about life in conversations and personal anecdotes. Understand interviews about non-traditional university students, discuss personal stories, and share proverbs to illustrate life experiences.
Explore global cultural heritage through Aesop’s Fables and life proverbs, understanding how universal moral lessons are shared across cultures. Examine cross-cultural perspectives on lifelong learning and reflect on how different societies value education and personal growth.
Break down passive voice functions and interpret the moral lessons in fables and proverbs. Connect fable morals and proverbs to personal experiences, considering how to apply these lessons to make better life choices.
Discuss fables and proverbs in pairs/groups, share personal stories, and peer-review writing, learning from peers’ insights and language use.
Understand the daily study and life of British middle school students by watching videos. Based on your own daily study and life, compare the study and life in Chinese and British schools, and find out the similarities and differences between the two. Talk about your first impression of high school life, and have a preliminary perception of the study and life in the senior high school stage.
Teaching Focuses and Anticipated Difficulties
Review passive voice usage, master life proverbs, understand non-traditional student interviews and share proverbs with personal stories.
Interpret moral lessons in fables/proverbs, connect them to personal experiences and apply to life choices. Appreciate the significance of lifelong learning, and cultivate an optimistic outlook on life and values.
Grammar
PART. 02
Look at the sentences from the reading passage and match them to the reasons why the passive voice is used.
1. The subject is not known, is unimportant, or is “people in general” and can be omitted.
2. The focus of the sentence is on the recipient of the action, not on the subject of the sentence.
3. The subject goes with lengthy expressions that are better put at the end.
a
b
c
Now look for more sentences with the passive voice in the reading passage and talk about why it is used.
After finishing it, I feel I have been given a deeper insight into the world and can see things from a different point of view.
While we are living, we tend to get distracted by unimportant things, such as gathering material possessions.
Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world!
The book made me stop and think about how much I am influenced by popular culture and the importance of creating my own values based on love and open communication.
Passive voice (被动语态)
（表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者）
英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者，其构成为：助动词be +过去分词。
在被动语态中，by 后常跟动作的执行者。且通常只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态，不及物动词没有被动语态。
一、被动语态的构成
（被动语态除用“be +及物动词-ed形式”构成外，还可用“get +及物动词-ed形式”结构。常见的可与get连用的过去分词有broken, burned, caught, drowned, drunk, fired, hurt, wounded, lost等。）
Kevin got left at home by accident when his family went to Paris.
家人去巴黎时，凯文意外被留在了家里。
The old house got burned in the fire last night. 那座老房子在昨晚的火灾中被烧毁了。
现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般式 is/am/are done was/were done will be done would be done
进行式 is/am/are being done was/were being done / /
完成式 have/has been done had been done will have been done would have been done
二、使用被动语态的情况
1. 不知道或没必要指明动作的执行者时；
My new pen was lost on the way to school. 我的新钢笔在上学路上丢了。
2. 强调或突出动作的承受者时；
The little boy was saved by a stranger in the river.那个小男孩在河里被一个陌生人救了。
3. 动作的执行者被较长的修饰语修饰时。
The problem was solved by a scientist who has devoted 20 years to this research.
这个问题被一名为该研究奉献了 20 年的科学家解决了。
注意：不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：have, wish, cost, date back to, agree with, arrive at/in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, take part in, walk into, belong to, keep up with, consist of, happen to ...
4. 含有情态动词的被动语态的构成：情态动词+be+及物动词的过去分词。
This difficult problem must be solved with teamwork. 这个难题必须通过团队合作来解决。
5. 不定式的被动语态
①一般式（to be done）：表示不定式所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生或与其（几乎）同时发生
The meeting is to be held in the meeting room this afternoon.
这场会议将于今天下午在会议室举行。
②完成式（to have been done）：表示不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
She seems to have been told the truth about the matter already.
她似乎已经被告知了这件事的真相。
三、主动语态变被动语态
1. 主语+谓语+宾语
He is repairing my bike.
→My bike is being repaired by him.
2. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语
My mother buy me a book.
→A book was bought for me by my mother.
3. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
The man painted the door green yesterday.
→The door was painted green by the man yesterday.
四、主动形式表示被动意义
1. 当clean、lock、open、sell、read、write、wash等作不及物动词时，表示主语的“品质”或“性能”。
The new novel sells well in the bookstore these days. 这本新小说最近在书店畅销。
2. 连系动词（如look、sound、smell、remain等）后接表语时，用主动形式表示被动意义。
The flowers look beautiful in the garden. 花园里的花看起来很美。
3. 在need、deserve等词的后面常跟动名词，用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。
The broken window needs repairing. = The broken window needs to be repaired.
这扇破窗户需要被修理。
4. “be worth+动名词”结构，用主动形式表示被动意义。
The movie is well worth watching because it has a meaningful story.
这部电影非常值得看，因为它的故事很有深意。
5. 当动词表示“开始、结束、关、停、转、启动”等意义时。
The door opened suddenly and a little boy ran in. 门突然开了，一个小男孩跑了进来。
The machine stopped working because of power failure. 机器因为停电停了运转。
6. 不定式to blame, to let（出租）作表语时，主动形式表示被动意义。
Nobody is to blame for this accident. It was an unexpected disaster.
这次事故无人该受责备，这是一场意外的灾难。
The house next to the park is to let with a big garden. 公园旁边那栋带大花园的房子待出租。
五、注意事项
1. 在see, watch, hear, feel等感官动词和have, let, make等使役动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式省略to。但变成被动语态后要还原to，不定式为主语补足语。
We saw him enter the building just now. → He was seen to enter the building just now.
刚才有人看见他进入了这栋楼。
2. 将含有“动词+介词/副词”类动词短语（如look after, put on, take care of, pay attention to）的主动句变为被动句时，原动词短语中的介词或副词应保留下来。
You must pay attention to your pronunciation. → Your pronunciation must be paid attention to (by you).
你的发音必须被重视。
六、被动语态与系表结构的区别
1. 被动语态表示以主语为承受者的动作；系表结构表示主语所处的状态；
The gate to the garden was locked by the girl.（被动语态）
The gate to the garden was locked.（系表结构）
2. 系表结构常由very, quite, rather, too, so, more, most等词修饰；被动结构常用greatly等词修饰。
I am very interested in computer studies.（系表结构）
I was greatly inspired by the report by Yang Li wei.（被动语态）
What / That is certain is that comedians often use comedy to help them understand themselves and the world. In fact, comedy is a very serious job indeed!
Rewrite the paragraph using the passive voice where appropriate.
Since ancient times, storytelling has been a way to share and pass on wisdom. One important early work that did so was Aesop’s Fables, a collection of stories that history credits to Aesop, a Greek storyteller. People believe that he lived in Ancient Greece between 620 BC and 564 BC. Most of the characters in his stories are animals, the qualities of which Aesop used to reflect human traits and wisdom. Each fable teaches a life lesson that Aesop summarises in a short phrase at the end of the story, called a moral. Today, children and adults all around the world still enjoy Aesop’s Fables.
What / That is certain is that comedians often use comedy to help them understand themselves and the world. In fact, comedy is a very serious job indeed!
Rewrite the paragraph using the passive voice where appropriate.
Since ancient times, storytelling has been a way to share and pass on wisdom. One important early work that did so was Aesop’s Fables, a collection of stories that is credited to Aesop, a Greek storyteller. It is believed that Aesop lived in Ancient Greece between 620 BC and 564 BC. Most of the characters in his stories are animals, the qualities of which were used to reflect human traits and wisdom by Aesop. Each fable teaches a life lesson that is summarised in a short phrase at the end of the story, called a moral. Today, Aesop’s Fables is still enjoyed by children and adults all around the world.
Look at the pictures and write the story from Aesop’s Fables. Use the passive voice where appropriate.
One day a little mouse was caught by a lion ...
One day a little mouse was caught by a lion. The lion wanted to eat the mouse, but the mouse said that he would help the lion someday, if he was let to go. The lion thought, “How can a great animal be helped by a little animal ” But the mouse was allowed to leave. Several days later, the lion was caught by a hunter’s net. The mouse bit the net with his strong teeth and helped the lion out. Thanks to the little mouse, the lion was saved and finally admitted that the strong could sometimes be helped by the weak.
Watch the video.
Work in pairs. Tell each other another fable you know and the lesson you have learnt from it. Use the passive voice where appropriate.
Listening
PART. 03
Listen and complete the conversations.
A: Professor Brown, here’s my term paper.
Sorry for the delay.
B: That’s OK. 1 ____________________, right
A: Maths is really killing me! I’m thinking of
giving it up.
B: 2 ________________. You’ll never get
your dream job as a market analyst if you
don’t stick to it.
A: If you want to loose weight, you need to stop eating junk food, and you need to start exercising.
B: OK. I’ll start tomorrow… maybe.
A: Today. Not tomorrow. 3
__________________________
__________________________.
Better late than never
No pain, no gain
Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today
Listen and complete the conversations.
A: I’m glad you finally got here.
B: My car had a flat tyre on the way.
Anyway, 4 ____________________.
A: With my brother’s help, I finally completed
my biology project!
B: Congratulations! 5 ____________________.
A: I heard that Mary is going to invest all her
money in this programme.
B: That’s not wise. As people usually say, “6
_________________________________”.
I’ll talk to her as soon aspossible.
all’s well that ends well
Two heads are better than one
Don’t put all of your eggs in one basket
Match the proverbs in Activity 5 to their meanings.
_________________: you must face challenges in order to be successful
_____________________________: it is easier to achieve something if you cooperate with someone else
____________________: doing something late is better than not doing it at all
_______________________________________________: you should start things earlier rather than later
____________________________________: do not put all your efforts or resources into doing one thing
_______________________: problems don’t matter if the final result is good
Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today.
No pain, no gain.
Two heads are better than one.
Better late than ever.
Don’t put all of your eggs in one basket.
All’s well that ends well.
一分耕耘，一分收获。
三个臭皮匠，顶个诸葛亮。
亡羊补牢，未为迟也。
今日事，今日毕。
不要孤注一掷。
结果好，样样好。
Now work in groups and think of other proverbs about life. Can you find Chinese proverbs with similar meanings
Constant dropping wears the stone.（滴水穿石。）
Rome was not built in a day.（罗马并非一日建成。）
A slow sparrow should make an early start.（笨鸟先飞。）
Nothing is to be got without pains but poverty.（世上唯有贫穷可以不劳而获。）
A friend in need is a friend indeed.（患难见真情。）
A bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk.（闻其歌知其鸟，听其言知其人。）
All things are difficult before they are easy.（凡事必先难后易。）
Practice makes perfect.（熟能生巧。）
Work in pairs. Think of other situations to which these proverbs can be applied.
In most countries, the average age for starting university is 18 years old, but actually there is no upper age limit for starting a university degree. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of mature students going to university, after working for a few or many years. The oldest person to get a Cambridge MA received his law degree at the age of 102. In China, a man from Jiangsu Province graduated from university at the age of 88, making him the oldest university graduate in the country.
Did You Know
Listen to the interview and choose the best headline.
University Fees Are No Barrier to Grandma!
Dream Comes True for Graduating Grandma
Janet Says: “Family first! That’s what matters!”
How the Student Experience Has Changed with the Centuries
Listen again and complete the notes.
Interview with Janet Rose
Age: 1 _______
First attended university in: 2 ________
Reason for leaving university: 3 __________________________________________________
Reason for going back to university: 4 ____________________________________________________
______________________________________________
Initial feelings on returning to university: 5 ___________________________________________
University major: 6 __________________
Feelings on graduation: 7 __________________________
Advice to others: 8 _______________________________
Future plans: 9 ___________________________________
81
1955
She took care of her sick mother and helped her father.
Her daughter suggested she go back to school five years ago and she jumped at the chance.
She felt a bit nervous at first and she felt so old.
American literature.
She feels great.
You’re never too old to learn.
Starting a master’s degree in the fall.
Now work in pairs and talk about
what you can learn from Janet’s story.
Complete the boxes with the expressions from the interview.
I started... back in...
After that I...
But then five years ago...
I felt... at first.
I suggest that...
Remember, ...
Talking about experiences
Giving advice
I started... back in...
After that I...
But then five years ago...
I felt... at first.
I suggest that...
Remember, ...
Work in pairs. Tell each other a story about yourself that can be summarised by a proverb in this section.
Now talk about how effectively you and your partner used your own experiences to illustrate your understanding of the proverbs.
Vocabulary
1. cooperate
cooperate with 与……合作
cooperation n. 合作，协作
in cooperation with 与……合作
cooperative adj. 合作的，协作的
例题：
The teacher always emphasizes that ___________ (cooperate) can help us solve problems more efficiently.
cooperation
Vocabulary
2. fee
salary n. 通常指按月发放的工资，也称为月薪。
wage n. 指按小时、日或周计算的薪水。
income n. 表示工作的总收入，也可以指投资的收益等。
fee n. 指某种服务收取的固定费用。
例题：
She works as a translator and earns a decent ________ in a foreign company.
The entrance ____ for the science museum is free for students with their student ID cards.
salary
fee
Exercise
PART. 04
1. In traditional Chinese medicine, for example, different sections of the tongue _____________ (associate) with different organs.
2. At present, a new library _____________ (build) in our city and it is expected to open to the public next year.
3. Many a college student ________ (send) to the poor area to help the children there last month.
4. We should have self-belief and never be afraid of challenges and failures, or we will _____________ (defeat).
5. Great importance should _____________ (attach) to lifelong learning in today’s rapidly changing world.
6. The school uniforms require ___________________ (iron) to maintain a neat appearance.
are associated
Exercise: 用所给词的适当形式填空
is being built
was sent
be defeated
be attached
ironing/to be ironed
7. Mr. Green stood up in defence of the boy, saying that he was not the one _________ (blame).
8. This list of factors needs _______________________ (adapt) depending on the decision you’re making.
9. The old man insisted that he __________ (give) the night shift instead of young people, saying he had no one to take care of.
10. Therefore, few people can live here, and all new development __________ (ban) within park boundaries.
11. The package _____________ (deliver) to her doorstep yesterday, but she missed it because she was out shopping.
12. Large quantities of information, as well as timely help, _______________ (offer) since the organization was set up.
to blame
Exercise: 用所给词的适当形式填空
adapting / to be adapted
be given
was delivered
is banned
have been offered
Summary
PART. 05
Using language
Grammar
Vocabulary
Listening
被动语态
被动语态的构成
主动语态变被动语态
使用被动语态的情况
主动形式表示被动意义
注意事项
被动语态与系表结构的区别
Homework
PART. 06
Review what you have learnt in this class;
Write a story about yourself that can be summarised by a proverb in this section.
Homework
See you next class!

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