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(共37张PPT)
Unit 4 Looking good, feeling good
Grammar & usage
定义 用作定语的从句 类型 限制性 定语从句 描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；从句如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义。
关系词 关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose 等
关系代词引导的限制性定语从句
关系代词 指代先行词 充当从句成分
whose
who
whom
which
物
人
人
物 /人
定
主 /宾/表
宾
主 /宾/表
that
物
人/物
主/宾/表
选择关系代词的方法：
1.找先行词 2.判断在从句中的成分
引导定语从句的关系代词
用关系代词which, that, who, whom, whose填空。
1. I live next door to a couple ________ children often make a lot of noise.
2. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
3. Among the many dangers ____________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.
whose
that
which/that
4. I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school __________ I met in the English speech contest last year.
6. The writer and his novels _________ you have just talked about are quite a hit with me.
7. The first thing ______ I want to do is to have a rest.
who/whom
that
that
关系副词与关系代词的区别？
关系副词
区别：在从句中所充当的成分不同
代词作主宾表(缺失句子不完整)
副词作状语(删除不影响句子的完整性)
The package that/which you are carrying will fall.
The package that/which you are carrying will fall.(不完整)
状语：地点(where) 时间(when) 原因(why)
A Exploring the rules
引导限制性定语从句的关系副词有when、where和why，它们在从句中分别作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语，修饰从句谓语动词。关系副词when、where和why可以用“介词+which”来代替。
由关系副词引导的限制性定语从句
一、关系副词when的用法
1. 在关系副词when引导的定语从句中，先行词往往是month、morning、period、day、week、time、year、等表示时间的名词。如：
l often think of the moment when I first saw her.
I still remember the day when I entered junior high school.
2. 从句中缺少时间状语，且先行词为 stay、visit、occasion等一些抽象的具有模糊时间概念的名词时，定语从句需要用关系副词when来引导。如：
These presents can remind me of my stay in Oxford when I made many friends sharing the same interest.
A lecture is an occasion when we can learn and benefit a lot.
3. 先行词是表示时间的名词时，并非一定要用 when引导定语从
句。若定语从句中缺少主语、表语或宾语等，则用that/which
引导。试比较：
I will never forget the day when we first met in the mountain village.
I will never forget the day that/which we spent together in that mountain village.
注意
二、关系副词where的用法
1. 在关系副词where引导的定语从句中，先行词通常是city、country、world、place、room、factory等表示地点的名词。如：
Is Shanghai the city where he was born
Mike wants to work in a country where there are a lot of forests.
2. 从句中缺少地点状语，且先行词为situation、condition、stage、point、case等一些含有抽象地点意义的名词时，定语从句要用关系副词where来引导。如：
We found ourselves in a situation where we had to make a decision immediately.
I got to the stage where I lost all interest in the idea.
3. 先行词是表示地点的名词时，并非一定要用where引导定从句。若定语从句中缺少主语、表语或宾语等，则用that/which引导。
试比较：
Nanjing is the city where I grow up.
Nanjing is the city (that/which) I want to visit most.
注意
三、关系副词why的用法
1. 在关系副词why引导的定语从句中，先行词一般是reason等表示原因的名词。如：
The reason why bats have a unique immune system is that their body temperature is higher than any other mammal.
注意
2. 先行词是reason时，并非一定要用why引导定语从句。若定语从句中缺少主语、表语或宾语等，则用that/which引导。如：
The reason why the president went to the village was touching.
The reason that the president mentioned at the conference was touching.
即学即练
I’ll never forget the museum ___________ we visited together.
I’ll never forget the museum ___________ the paintings are so appealing.
We are living in an age ____________ is seeing great changes.
We are living in an age ____________ many things are done on computer.
The reason ____________ he gave us is not true.
The reason ____________ he didn’t come to school is not true.
(which/that)
where
which/that
when
why
(which/that)
用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+which”。
I still remember the day when I first came to Nanjing.
e.g. Mr Black was born in the year when World WarⅡ broke out.
= in which
= on which
介词+关系代词与关系副词的替换
时间介词用法：
1.大于1天，in 年/月/季 in1999。
2.等于1天，on 日/星期 on sunday。
3.小于1天，at 时刻/点钟 at 9:00。
特例： in the morning
in the afternoon
in the evening
用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+which”。
e.g. This is the farm where we worked when we were young.
The school where his mother teaches is in the west of the city.
= on/in which
= in which
用关系副词why时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+ which”。
e.g. There are several reasons why the boys should be punished.
Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why he was late for school.
= for which
= for which
“介词+ which / whom”引导的定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，通常用“介词+ which / whom”来引导定语从句。
如果关系代词指“物”，定语从句常用“介词+ which”引导；如果关系代词指 “人”，定语从句常用“介词+whom”引导。
e.g. Where is the supermarket in which you bought the juice
Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office
在这类定语从句中，有些介词也可放在从句的末尾，此时可用that，which （指物），who或whom（指人）来引导定语从句。
e.g. This is the man whom / who / that I referred to.
注意：
“介词+ which / whom”引导定语从句时，介词的选择取决于从句中谓语动词的固定搭配、先行词的习惯搭配或句子要表达的意思。
关系副词的作用
①连接：连接定语从句和主句
②替代：关系副词=介词+which
③成分：在定语从句中一般作状语
关系副词 先行词 充当从句的成分
when（= at/in/on/during+which) 表时间的名词/名词词组 时间状语
where（=in/at+which) 表地点的名词/名词词组 地点状语
why(=for which) 表原因的名词 原因状语
1. October 1, 1949 was the day ______ the PRC was founded.
when
用适当的关系词填空。
2. The village has developed a lot ________ my brother and I learned farming five years ago.
where
3. I don’t believe the reason ____________ he gave me yesterday and that’s the reason ______ I called him just now.
(which/that)
why
Below is a part of a magazine article about sleep problems. Find the sentences with restrictive relative clauses in the article and fill in the box below. The first one has been done for you.
A
Do you remember a time when you had no worries stopping you from getting a good night’s rest
One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.
They are still growing, and night is the time when their bodies grow faster.
Teenagers who do not sleep well may experience situations where body development slows down, and their health suffers.
Working out the rules
The relative adverb where refers to a place, the relative adverb when refers to (1) _________, and the relative adverb why refers to (2) _________.
In more formal English, the relative adverbs where, when and why can be replaced by “preposition + (3) _________”.
time
reason
which
B Applying the rules
B1
Rewrite the following sentences using relative adverbs or “preposition + which”.
1 I did not perform well at school last week. The reason was my
poor-quality sleep.
2 I miss those days. I used to sleep really well in those days.
The reason why/for which I did not perform well at school last week was my poor-quality sleep.
I miss those days when/in which I used to sleep very well.
B Applying the rules
B1
Rewrite the following sentences using relative adverbs or “preposition + which”.
3 The hospital is near my home. I visited a doctor for advice on
sleep problems in that hospital.
4 I still remember that afternoon. That afternoon I fell asleep on the
bus and went past my stop.
The hospital where/in which I visited a doctor for advice on sleep problems is near my home.
I still remember that afternoon when/on which I fell asleep on the bus and went past my stop.
B2
Complete the passage with correct relative pronouns, relative adverbs or “preposition + which” where necessary.
Tips
Find the antecedent.
Complete the clause with the antecedent.
Use the right relative pronoun, relative adverb or “preposition + which” to replace the antecedent.
which/that
when/at which
where/in which
which/that
why/for which
B3
Read the information below about World Sleep Day. Then write a short paragraph using restrictive relative clauses where necessary.
In a society where people are under a lot of pressure, sleep problems have become very common. That is the reason why World Sleep Day is celebrated every year on the Friday of the second full week of March. Its aims are to make people understand the importance of good and healthy sleep and to draw society’s attention to sleep problems. It is a time when people have discussions and give talks about the importance of healthy sleep.
Sample
Exchange your writing with your partners and correct the mistakes if there is any.
Homework

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