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(共24张PPT)
必修一unit5词汇讲解
attitude n. 态度，看法 （~ to/towards sb./sth.）
altitude n. 海拔
aptitude n. = talent/ gift n. 天资，天赋
2.refer v. (-rr-) --- reference n. / refr ns/ 常考常用词汇。
常考非谓语形式 referred 或 referring
refer to 指的是；参考；查阅；提及，谈到；描述
refer to ... as ... 把...称为... 语法填空常考被动：________________________________
“查字典”表达：refer to/ consult the dictionary、look up the word in the dictionary。
be referred to as ...
① The textbooks and dictionaries can be used as ______________ (refer) books while the magazines serve as reading materials.
②The meaning of a word can be guessed according to the context, so you will not necessarily refer __________________ a dictionary the next time you come across a new word.
③ Social networking addiction is a phrase sometimes used ______ (refer) to someone spending too much time using Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and other forms of social media—so much that it _____ (influence) other aspects of daily life.
④ The book （refer） to in his speech was worth reading twice.
reference
to
to refer
has influenced
referred
3. system n. --- systematic adj. / s st m t k/ 系统的
As for travel by road,the electronic toll collection system (电子收费系统) helps enhance the efficiency of travel with the system (update v.更新).
Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a ____________ (system) project which calls for (需要；要求) a clear road map and timetable.
updated
systematic
4. despite prep.
写作中，当你需要表达“虽然/尽管......，但是......”则可用以下句型：
Despite + 名词/名词短语/ doing，句子。
Despite the fact that + 句子，句子。
I know you find physics challenging. Despite this, don't give up! Consistent practice is the key.
我知道你觉得物理很难。尽管如此，不要放弃！坚持练习是关键。
表示“即使；尽管”的词/短语还有：in spite of ..., while (位于句首)...，although/ though....
Despite the previous rounds of talks, no agreement _____________________ (reach) so far by the two sides.
______________________ the challenges, there have been some highly successful films ______________________ (make) from popular books.
has been reached
Despite
made
5. based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的 → base vt.以……为基础；以……为据点　n．底部；根据;；基地→ basis n．基础→ basic adj.基础的
→ basically adv. 大体上；基本上；总的说来
常考常用短语：
base ... on/upon ... 把……建立在……基础之上
be based on/upon 以……为基础
on a regular basis 定期 on the basis of ... 根据……
① (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷应用文) Therefore would it be possible for us to choose our partners freely ____________ (base) on our personality and English potential
② Team members need to receive training after school and they are also offered opportunities to watch table tennis competitions a regular basis.
③句式升级
The novel was based on an interesting story and it was well worth reading.
→ _______ , the novel was well worth reading. (分词短语作状语)　　
based
on
Based on an interesting story
6. date back to = date from (考非谓语只有主动形式dating) = be traced back to ...
date n. 日期；约会；椰枣 v. 写上日期；确定年代；约会
①句型转换：
Chinese tea drinking culture has a long history which/that can date back to/date from more than 1，000 years ago.
--- Chinese tea drinking culture has a long history (分词短语作定语)　　
②Often (refer) to as the King of Flowers, the peony is one of the most culturally significant (有重大意义的；显著的) flowers in China, with a history （date）back over 2,000 years.
dating back to/dating from more than 1，000 years ago
referred
dating
7. symbol n. --- symbolize v. / s mb la z/ 象征；代表= represent v. / repr zent/ （中国传统文化写作词汇）
symbolize 是高中应用文写作的 “加分词”，核心在于通过“具体事物 / 行为” 链接 “抽象意义”，适配书信、演讲、活动介绍等多个高频场景。建议在写作中结合具体场景，优先使用“主语（具体）+ symbolizes + 宾语（抽象）” 的基础句型。
分场景实战示例（高中应用文高频场景）
场景 1：书信（感谢信 / 邀请信 / 交换生书信）
感谢信（感谢朋友赠礼）：
The hand-made bracelet you sent me symbolizes our precious friendship. Every time I wear it, I remember the happy moments we spent together.
你送我的手工手链象征着我们珍贵的友谊。每次戴上它，我都会想起我们共度的美好时光。
交换生邀请信（介绍文化符号）：
I sincerely invite you to attend our Spring Festival party. We have prepared a red envelope for you, which symbolizes good luck and our best wishes.
我诚挚地邀请您参加我们的春节庆祝活动。我们为您准备了一份红包，它象征着好运以及我们最美好的祝福。
场景 2：演讲稿（校园活动 / 节日演讲 / 主题发言）
环保主题演讲：
Planting a tree is not just a simple action — it symbolizes our commitment to protect the earth. Let’s take action to make our planet greener.
种一棵树不仅仅是一个简单的行为—— 它象征着我们保护地球的承诺。让我们行动起来，让地球更绿。
毕业演讲：
The graduation cap we wear today symbolizes years of hard work and the start of a new journey. May we all live up to our youth! 今天我们佩戴的毕业帽，象征着多年的努力和新旅程的开始。愿我们都不负韶华！
场景 3：活动介绍 / 通知（校园活动、公益活动说明）
公益活动通知（捐赠活动）：
Our school will hold a book donation activity for rural students next week. Each book you donate symbolizes a bridge connecting knowledge and hope.（我校下周将为农村学生举办图书捐赠活动。你捐赠的每一本书，都象征着一座连接知识与希望的桥梁。）
文化节活动介绍（传统工艺展示）：
At the cultural festival, you can watch artisans make paper cutting. This traditional craft symbolizes the wisdom of ancient Chinese people and the beauty of life.（在文化节上，你可以观看工匠们剪纸。这项传统工艺象征着中国古人的智慧与生活之美。）
写作练习：
1. 白鸽(white doves) 象征和平与和谐 (harmony)。
________________________________________________________________________
2.对所有参与者(participant)而言，这场比赛象征着挑战自我的机会。
________________________________________________________________________
3. 团队精神(team spirit)通过我们在项目中的共同努力（joint efforts）得以体现。(使用symbolize的被动语态)
________________________________________________________________________
White doves symbolize peace and harmony.
For all participants, this competition symbolizes a chance to challenge ourselves.
Team spirit is symbolized by our joint efforts in the project.
8. carve v. 形近词：curve n. 曲线，曲面 v. 使弯曲，变弯；（使）沿曲线运动---（读后续写表情描写可用）
His ____________________ curved in a smile. 他咧嘴笑了。
9. variety n．(植物、语言等的)变体；异体；多样化→vary v．变化；不同
→various adj.各种各样的
同义词：diversity n. --- diverse adj.
10. major adj./n./v. --- majority /m d r ti/ n. 大部分；大多数
反义词：minor adj./ ma n (r)/ 较小的；次要的；轻微的 n. 未成年人
v. minor in sth. 辅修
--- minority n. /ma n r ti/ 少数；少数人 ethnic minorities 少数民族
lips/ mouth
11. means n. (单复数同形)
mean v. 意思是；意味着； (对某人) 很重要（mean...to sb.）；意欲，打算（intend）
adj. 吝啬的，小气的；刻薄的
Your friendship means a great deal to me. 你的友谊对我来说是很珍贵的。
Summer is the perfect time to catch up on the new books you meant to read.
夏天是补看想读的新书的最佳时间。
常考常用短语：
by means of sth. 借助…手段；依靠…方法
The load was lifted by means of a crane. 重物是用起重机吊起来的。
by this means 通过这种方法 by all means 一定；务必；当然可以
by no means 决不
表示“方法，途径”的词还有：way，method，approach
12. regard v. / n.（熟词生义：尊重，问候）
--- regardless of 不管，无论（not affected or influenced at all）
--- regarding prep. = about= concerning = with regard to
It takes in anybody regardless of religion, colour, or creed.
这个组织接纳任何人，不管其宗教、肤色或信仰。
The amount will be paid to everyone regardless of whether they have children or not.
不管有没有孩子，每个人都会得到相同的金额。
Call me if you have any problems regarding your work.
你如果还有什么工作方面的问题就给我打电话。
“把...视为...；认为...是...”的相关表达：
regard/ view/ perceive/ consider/ think of ... as ... （语法填空常考被动）
13. globe n．球体；地球仪；地球→ global adj.全球的；全世界的--- globally adv.
14. appreciate v. --- appreciation n. --- appreciative adj. 感激的，感谢的；欣赏的；赏识的
写作常用句型（一般用在信件的结尾）：
I would appreciate it if ... 如果......我将不胜感激
I would really appreciate it if you could reply to me at your earliest convenience.
如果您能尽快回复我，我将感激不尽。
express one’s appreciation and thanks to ...向......表达感谢
写作翻译：
这个活动不仅会丰富我们的校园生活，而且还会给我们提供（offer）一个欣赏中国传统文化的绝佳机会（opportunity）。（用not only... but also...句型写）
This activity will not only enrich our campus lives, but it will also offer us a wonderful opportunity to appreciate traditional Chinese culture.
15. specific adj. --- specifically adv.
ic结尾形容词加 ally变副词
① basic 基本的→ basically 基本上；根本上
② scientific 科学的→scientifically 科学地
③ automatic 自动的→automatically 自动地
④ enthusiastic 热情的→enthusiastically 热情地
⑤ dramatic 戏剧性的；显著的→ dramatically adv.
⑥ dynamic 充满活力的；动态的→ dynamically
注意：public adj. 公共的；公众的；公开的 --- _____________________ adv.
publicly
16. struggle v./n.
续写应用练习：
尽管脚踝扭伤了（despite + n. 扭伤脚踝：sprain one’s ankle），大卫 (David) 还是艰难地站起身来 (struggle to one’s feet)，一瘸一拐 (hobble/ limp) 地朝终点线 (finish line) 走去。
Despite the sprained ankle, David struggled to his feet and hobbled towards the finish line.
17. 表示“观点，看法”的词： view，viewpoint，point of view，perspective，opinion，standpoint，stand
18. beg vt.(-gg-)恳求；祈求；哀求→beggar n．乞丐
19. equal n．同等的人；相等物（un-）
adj.(不)（大小、数量、价值等）相同的；相等的；平等的
→ equally adv.平等地→（in-）equality n. (不)平等
一些常见用法：
（1）without equal＝have no equal 无与伦比；无敌
（2）A equals B in ...　　在……方面A比得上B
（3）be equal to （doing） sth　　等于；胜任
20. gap n.
阅读常见表达：bridge the gap (between A and B) 消除（A和B之间的）隔阂；缩小差距
gap year 空缺年（常指中学毕业后上大学前所休的一年假期，用于实习或旅游）
21. demand n./v. --- demanding adj. 要求高的；苛刻的；难满足的
有以下含义的词汇，不管怎么变形，后面跟的名词性从句要用“should”型虚拟语气：
He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day. 他建议我们第二天早点出发
22. description n．描写(文字)；形容→describe vt.描述
________________________ n. 订阅（费） --- subscribe v. (~ to) 订阅；同意，赞成
subscription
23. relate vt.联系；讲述 → related adj. 相关的 (be related to)
→ relation n．关系；亲属→ relationship n．关系，联系
relate to 与......相关；涉及；谈到；
（熟词生义）能够理解并同情；体恤（= empathize with 与...共情）
Many adults can't relate to children.许多成年人并不了解儿童的想法。
其他形似词汇：relative adj. 相对的 (~ly) n. 亲戚
(ir) relevant adj. (不) 相关的
respective adj. 各自的（~ly）

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