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(共56张PPT)
Unit 5
A delicate world
MACQUARIE ISLAND: from Chaos to Conservation
To find out what happened to Macquarie Island
To make a flow chart to show what human did, their purposes and the results and talk about the effects of these human activities on Macquarie Island
To spur our sense of environmental protection
Look at the picture below and answer the questions.
1. What animals can you see in the picture
Penguins, a bird.
2. What kind of changes would take place if cats, rats and rabbits were introduced to an environment like this
They would hunt the birds and eat the native vegetation, thus upsetting the local ecological balance.
Macquarie Island lies in the South-
west Pacific Ocean, halfway between Australia and Antarctica. Its native inhabitants encountered challenges. Human intervention led to the erosion of the original habitat, cased chaos and destroyed the ecology dramatically.
MACQUARIE ISLAND:
from Chaos to Conservation
Read the title and look at the picture. Predict what the passage is mainly about.
“MACQUARIE ISLAND: from Chaos to Conservation”一文介绍了麦夸里岛是如何从19世纪初的一片混乱状态慢慢走向如今人与自然和谐共处的局面。语篇类型为记叙文。作者按照时间顺序向读者介绍了这一漫长的过程。时间顺序主要是通过正确运用时态以及时间状语、时间名词或小句形成的衔接来体现的。本文中作者在描写人类的到来给麦夸里岛造成 的负面影响时，主要使用了一般过去时。同时，文中还使用了大量的表示时间的词语，如in 1810、Meanwhile、in 1891、in the 1970s、In the 1980s、 in 2000、in 2006等。现在我们就一起来看看吧！
Read the passage and find out what happened to Macquarie Island.
Read the topic sentences;
Link the topic sentences together to get the main idea of the passage;
Draw the outline of the passage;
Match the main idea with its corresponding paragraph.
A. The rabbit problem resulted in parakeets' dying out.
B. The rat, mouse and rabbit problem made people realise that problems should be solved once and for all.
C. I participated in a programme to tackle this very problem.
D. Native inhabitants on Macquarie Island were once in perfect harmony with their natural habitat.
E. People released a virus to kill rabbits and used traps and dogs to catch the cats.
F. Rats and mice brought to the island caused harm.
What happened to the Macquarie Island
Non-native species introduced to Macquarie Island attacked native birds, and led to a substantial reduction of bird population and even the extinction of parakeets. In addition, non-native species ate and devastated the native vegetation. All of this played a part in upsetting the natural harmony of the island. But now the island’s ecology is on the road to recovery with human efforts.
Choose the author's purpose in writing the passage and give your reasons.
1. To analyse how Macquarie Island was saved from destruction.
2. To inform readers of the chaos caused on Macquarie Island by humans.
3. To entertain readers with a funny story about what happened on Macquarie Island.
4. To suggest ways in which an ecosystem can be protected.
Shape
Location
Landscape
Inhabitants
From what aspects does the writer introduce the island in para. 1
Organise information from the passage and complete the flow chart.
ACTION(S)
Humans arrived on Macquarie Island.
PURPOSE(S)
To live there.
To control the rats and mice.
RESULT(S)
Rats and mice were brought there by accident, and _______.
Rabbits multiplied and caused soil erosion, and ________.
Time
1810
1891
in the 1980s
in the 1970s
2014
Humans arrived on Macquarie Island.
To live there.
Rats and mice were brought there by accident, and ________________________________________________________________________
they took over the island, eating the bird’s eggs and attacking baby birds.
ACTION(S)
PURPOSE(S)
RESULT(S)
To control the rats and mice.
Cats were brought to the island.
The cats developed an appetite for the birds.
Time
1810
Rabbits multiplied and caused soil erosion, and ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rabbits were introduced to the island.
To provide food for humans.
the exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats. This led to more cats hunting the birds. As a result, parakeets died out in 1891.
ACTION(S)
PURPOSE(S)
RESULT(S)
Time
1891
A virus was released onto the island.
To remove all the rabbits from the island.
Substantial reduction of rabbit population led to cats killing more native birds.
ACTION(S)
PURPOSE(S)
RESULT(S)
Traps and dogs were used.
To catch the cats.
The departure of the cats resulted in an increasing population of rats and mice. And the rabbit population exploded once again.
Time
in the 1980s
in the 1970s
Poisons and dogs were used.
To remove all the remaining invading species.
The island was pest-free and its ecology is on the road to recovery.
ACTION(S)
PURPOSE(S)
RESULT(S)
Time
2014
Decide whether the following statements are True(T) or False(F).
1. Macquarie Island is a UNESCO World Heritage Site because of its wild and natural beauty. ( )
2. Humans intentionally brought rabbits, rats and mice to the island. ( )
3. Humans brought cats to the island to control the rats and mice. ( )
4. The rabbits had no immunity to the virus released onto the island, so they died out soon. ( )
T
F
T
F
an
and their numbers exploded once again
5. Humans learned a lesson from the incident: the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving completely. ( )
6. The programme that the author is to participate in will easily tackle the island's problems. ( )
T
F
hard
A. meaning that the number of cats also increased
B. killing up to 60,000 each year
C. giving it a wild and natural beauty
D. solving once and for all
E. eating the birds’ eggs and attacking baby birds.
1. The green grass and bare rock of its landscape contrast dramatically, _________.
2. Rats and mice quickly took over the island, ________.
C
Complete the sentences.
E
3. The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats, _________.
4. The cats in consequence turned their attention – and their stomachs – back to the native birds, _________.
5. The incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed, _________.
A. meaning that the number of cats also increased
B. killing up to 60,000 each year
C. giving it a wild and natural beauty
D. solving once and for all
E. eating the birds’ eggs and attacking baby birds.
A
B
D
Below is a summary of the text with some content missing. Choose the right item from the box and make the summary complete.
cat, explode, invade, parakeet, harmony, penguin
Macquarie Island's native inhabitants have existed in perfect 1. ________ for thousands of years. However, humans arrived on the island with rats and mice, which ate birds. 2. ________ were brought to control mice, but they also ate birds. Moreover, rabbits were brought in as food for humans,
harmony
Cats
cat, explode, invade, parakeet, harmony, penguin
but their digging caused soil erosion and increased cat population because cats also ate rabbits. Eventually, the cats also ate 3. ________, which led to their extinction. In the 1980s, traps and dogs were used to catch the cats, and the last cat was finally caught. Without cats, the populations of mice, rats, and rabbits 4. ________ again. The rabbits' digging caused the land to collapse and killed many 5. ________. Finally, humans used helicopters to drop poison in order to remove the last remaining 6. ________ species. In the end, Macquarie Island was pest-free and the island's ecology is finally on the road to recovery.
parakeets
exploded
penguins
invading
1. What is your understanding of “ ... we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending”
Nature has its own rules of living. But humans coming caused the destruction of the balance. Because of humans intervention, animals couldn't have their own way of living. So we should whatever we can to make up for our mistakes and give nature back to all the living things.
Now talk about how human interference led to such severe consequences for Macquarie Island.
2. Do you think it was right to eradicate the “pests” from Macquarie Island Give your reasons.
If you agree with the idea, you can use what people do in the passage to help you.
If there's only one species on the island, do you think it is better to the environment
3. How could similar situations be avoided in the future
To avoid similar situations in the future, we should protect the natural ecosystem and be aware of the potential impact that human activities can have on ecosystems.
4. What language can you use to talk about cause and effect How would you apply it to your reading and writing
Nature, to be commanded, must be obeyed.
-- Francis Bacon
Only to obey nature in order to overcome nature.
-- Charles Darwin
We won't have a society if we destroy the environment.
-- Margaret Mead
1. Nor would they fail to imagine how its native inhabitants, including royal penguins, king penguins, and elephant seals, existed in perfect harmony with their natural habitat for thousands of years.
他们也不难想象出，数千年来，包括帝企鹅、王企鹅和象海豹在内的当地动物是如何与其自然栖息地完美地和谐共存的。
否定副词nor位于句首，句子用部分倒装语序。常用结构为“nor+助动词/情态动词/be动词+主语”，表示“……也不”。
eg He didn’t quit his job, nor was he fired.
他没有辞职，也没有被解雇。
【拓展】
当含有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子须用部分倒装语序，即把助动词、情态动词、be动词移至主语之前。这样的词或短语有never, neither, not, seldom, little, hardly, rarely, scarely, at no time, by no means, in no way等。
eg Seldom did it occour to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what’s around them.
他们很少想过要出去走走，花点时间看看周围有什么。
in harmony with: to agree with another idea or feeling, and look good with other things 与……和谐；与……一致
【归纳】
in harmony with nature 与自然和谐相处
live/ work in harmony 融洽地生活/工作
eg Laura’s cat and dog live in perfect harmony.
My brother’s tastes are in harmony with mine.
2. Unfortunately, the cats subsequently developed an appetite for the birds, too.
但不幸的是，猫随后也开始以鸟为食。
appetite n. ①a desire for food 食欲，胃口
②a desire or liking for a particular activity 爱好，欲望
eg I seem to have lost my appetite lately.
我最近似乎胃口不好。
She has an amazing appetite for knowledge.
她有极强的求知欲。
【归纳】
have an appetite with 胃口大开
have a good/ poor appetite 胃口好/不好
have no appetite 没胃口
ruin one’s appetite 破坏某人的食欲
lose one’s appetite 失去胃口
loss of appetite 食欲不振
an appetite for 对……的爱好/ 强烈欲望
develop an appetite for… 对……产生了食欲
3. Meanwhile, rabbits were introduced to the island as a source of food for humans.
与此同时，人们把兔子引进岛上作为食物。
be introduced to/into...: be brought in/on... 把……引入……
【归纳】
introduce oneself (to sb.) （向某人作）自我介绍
introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人
eg The grey squirrel was introduced into Britain from North America.
灰松鼠是由北美引入英国的。
4. Loose on the island, they did what rabbits do best— they mutiplied rapidly and began eating the native vegetation and digging holes, which caused soil erosion.
由于在岛上放任其生存，兔子做了自己最擅长的事—飞快地繁殖，它们开始吃当地植被并挖洞，造成土壤侵蚀。
multiply v. ①to increase by a large amount or number, or to
make something do this(使) 大大增加，(使) 倍增
②to do a calculation in which you add a number to
itself a particular number of times 乘，乘以
what引导宾语从句，what在从句中作do的宾语
which引导非限制性定语从句，which指代主句的内容
eg Smoking multiplies the risk of heart attacks and other health problems.
吸烟大大增加了患心脏病和其他疾病的危险性。
Multiply the total by 12.
把总数乘以 12。
加 减 乘 除
plus (prep.) minus (prep.) times (prep.) divided by
add (v.) subtract (v.) multiply (v.) divide (v.)
addition (n.) subtraction (n.) multiplication (n.) division (n.)
“加减乘除”表达法
2＋2=4 Two plus/added to two is four.
4－2=2 Four minus two is two./ Two subtracted from four is two.
2×2=4 Two times/multiplied by two is four.
4÷2=2 Four divided by two is two.
5. The exploding rabbit population provided plentiful food for the cats…
爆炸式增长的兔子数量给猫提供了充足的食物……
explode v. ①to suddenly increase greatly in number, amount, or degree 突然增加
eg The population has exploded in the last ten years.
在过去十年中，人口激增。
v. ②to burst, or to make something burst, into small pieces, usually with a loud noise and in a way that causes damage （使）爆炸
eg He was driving so fast that his car tyre exploded.
他的车开得太快导致爆胎。
【拓展】explosion n. 爆炸；激增
【语境应用】翻译句子/语法填空
1) The exploding population brings pressure to the earth.
2) The ____________(explode) had left a hole more than forty miles across—much too huge to be seen from anywhere at ground level. (2019 江苏)
激增的人口给地球带来了压力。
explosion
6. Even after Macquarie Island became an official nature reserve in the 1970s, the rabbits remained out of control.
即使在20世纪70年代麦夸里岛成为官方自然保护区后，兔子仍然不受控制。
out of control: to become impossible to manage 失控
【归纳】
beyond control 无法控制
in control of 控制，管理，掌握
lose control of 失去对……的控制
under control （被）控制住
【拓展】out of + n. 的短语
out of work 事业
out of sight 看不见
out of reach 够不着
out of patience 失去耐心
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of order 出故障
out of trouble 摆脱困境
out of date 过时
out of touch 失去联系
out of balance 失去平衡
7. But although the virus caused the rabbit population to decrease from 130,000 to around 10,000, it also meant less food for the cats.
然而，虽然病毒使得兔子的数量从130,000降到约10,000只，但这也意味着猫的食物变少了。
decrease v. to become less or go down to a lower level, or to make something do this（使）变小，（使）减少
eg Average house prices decreased by 13% last year.
去年房屋均价下降了 13%。
【归纳】
decrease to… 减少到…… （表示减少的结果）
decrease by 减少了（表示减少的幅度）
decrease in 在……方面减少
【拓展】
decrease n. 减少，减少的量
a decrease in ……的减少
on the decrease 在减少
8. It turned out that they developed an immunity to the virus, and their numbers exploded once again.
它们最终对病毒产生了免疫，数量又一次激增。
turn out: to be discovered to be; to prove to be 结果是，证明是
【归纳】
其后常跟从句、形容词或不定式to be。
eg To my surprise, it turned out that I was wrong.
让我吃惊的是，最后竟是我错了。
it作形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语
9. This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving once and for all.
这一事件清楚地表明，大鼠、小鼠和兔子泛滥的问题需要一次彻底的解决。
incident n. an event, especially one that is unusual, important, or violent 事件
【归纳】
a major incident 重大事件
a small incident 小事件
a violent incident 暴力事件
a serious incident 严重事件
【辨析】incident, event, accident
单词 意义
incident 侧重指小事，又可指政治上具有影响的事件或事变；
event 侧重指具有重要意义的大事件或体育运动中的比赛项目；
accident 侧重指偶然或意外发生的不幸事情。
10. They have been trained to find every last one, without harming the native animals.
这些狗受训去寻找剩下的每一只老鼠和兔子，同时又不伤害当地动物。
every last: every single 每一个；全部 (比every的语气更强烈，相当于all)
one在此替代前面一句所说的the last remaining invading species
eg My sister ate every last biscuit.
我妹妹吃掉了所有的饼干。
11. This intervention is a long, much-delayed ending to a sad story, but we humans owe it to the island to give it a happy ending.
这次干预行动是这场悲剧漫长而屡被贻误的大结局，但这是我们人类应该做的，我们亏欠这座岛屿一个美好的结局。
owe v. ①to feel that you should do something for someone or give someone something, because they have done something for you or given something to you 应该做; 对……负有……的义务
eg He asked for help from a colleague who owed him a favour.
他要一个欠他人情的同事帮忙。
v. ②to need to pay someone for something that they have done for you or sold to you, or to need to give someone back money that they have lent you 欠(钱); 负债
eg I still owe you for the taxi.
我还欠你出租车的钱呢。
v. ③to be successful because of the good effect or influence of something or someone 归功于
eg Their success owes more to good luck than to careful management.
他们的成功更多靠的是好运气，而不是苦心经营。
【归纳】
own it to sb. to do sth. (认为)应该为某人做某事
owe sb. for sth. ﹦own sth. to sb. 欠某人某物
owe sth. to sb. 将某事归功于某人
owe it to sb. that... 将……归功于某人
owe sb. a favour 欠某人一个人情
owe sb. an explanation/ apology 欠某人一个解释/ 道歉
【拓展】
owing adj. 欠着的; 未付的
owing to = because of/ due to/ on account of 因为, 由于
be introduced to ...
a wild and natural beauty
decrease from ... to ...
prey on
a naturally-balanced environment
the UNESCO World Heritage List
an official nature reserve
被引进到……
一种狂野和天然的美
从……减少到……
捕食
一个自然平衡的环境
联合国教科文组织的《世界遗产名录》
一个官方自然保护区
exist in perfect harmony with ...
as the saying goes
out of control
in consequence
be regarded as
on behalf of
a substantial number of
与……完美地和谐共存
正如俗话所说
失控
因而
被视作
代表
大量的
Why is ecological balance important
How can human beings keep ecological balance
Thank you

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