资源简介

(共35张PPT)
Unit 4
Space Exploration
Discovering Useful Structures



非谓语
He scratched his foot chatted with his friends.
He chatted with his friends he was scratching his foot.
and
when
他边抠脚边和朋友聊天。
一、它不能叫“谓语”
在有谓语、无连词的情况下，如果句子中出现了第二个动词
和皇上的小老婆改名叫“妃”一样，它也改了个名，叫：
二、它不能和谓语长一个样
谓语动词的一般形式是do, 而非谓语的一般形式是:
动词不定式
to do
动词的ing形式
doing
动词的过去分词形式
done
它们分别代表着不同的含义：
Eating chicken feet gives me great pleasure.
吃鸡爪子让我开心。(吃的同时感到满足)
I want to eat some chicken feet.
我想吃点鸡爪子。(只是想想，还没吃)
The stewed chicken feet taste good.
卤鸡爪很好吃。(卤过了才能尝)
to do表示将来，目的，出乎意料的结果
doing表示进主动，进行，意料之内的结果
done表示被动，完成的动作。
三、它不能当谓语用
“妃”相对于“皇后”来说是降级的。
非谓语也一样，不能再当动词用，而要降级成形容词、副词。
the stewed chicken feet
卤鸡爪
这里的非谓语stewed, 不是动词，
而是一个形容词，表示“卤过的”。
His first love is eating chicken feet.
他的第一大爱好就是啃鸡爪。
eating 是个名词，表示“吃”这件事。
He always brings chicken feet to eat.
他总是带鸡爪子去吃。
to eat作为副词用，做目的状语。
一个句子一个谓
两个动词连成对
没有连词用非谓
Conclusion
不定式
非谓语之
动词不定式的时态和语态
　　 语态 时态　 主动形式 被动形式
一般式 to do
进行式 —
完成式
否定形式
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been done
在to前加not
在to前加not
．
不定式作定语
Yuri Gagarin is the first astronaut to be sent into space in the world.
Present
Yuri Gagarin
Neil Armstrong is the first astronaut to land onto the moon.world.
Present
Neil Armstrong
Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut to be sent into space in 2003.
Present
Yang Liwei
Wang Yaping is the first astronaut to teach in space in China.
Present
Wang Yaping
1.Yuri Gagarin is the first astronaut to be sent into space in the world.
2.Neil Armstrong is the first astronaut to land onto the moon in the world.
3.Yang Liwei is the first Chinese astronaut to be sent into space in 2003.
4.Wang Yaping is the first astronaut to teach in space in China.
Finding 1: the infinitive (to do) is used as ____________to modify the nouns.
Activity 1. Observe the sentences and answer the questions.
1. What do these sentences have in common
2. What is the function of the infinitives (to do) in these sentences
Explore
Attribute
Group 1
1.Yuri Gagarin is the first astronaut to be sent into space in the world.
2.It is recognized that he is the best man to do the job.
3.He was the only one to keep moving at the same speed.
Activity 2.Work out the rules of infinitives as attribute.
归纳：____________、____________和the only / the next / the last等或被这些词修饰的名词后面常用动词不定式作定语。
Explore
序数词
形容词最高级
Group 2
Practice is the only way to learn a language well.
His ability to get on well with people is his chief advantage.
We should get the courage to face the challenge.
Sellers made an efforts to keep the industry from dying out.
归纳：抽象名词 ______________________, aim, attempt, right, chance, opportunity, decision, hope, wish, dream, promise后面用动词不定式作定语。
Activity 2.Work out the rules of infinitives as attribute.
Explore
way, ability, courage ,efforts
Group 3
Let us give him something to eat.
The question to be discussed at the meeting is very important.
The conference to take place in Shanghai next week is of great importance.
归纳：当表示___________的动作时，常用动词不定式作后置定语; 后可用不定式作后置定语。
Group 4
We have nothing to eat.
We have a lot homework to do.
There is nothing to worry about.
归纳:动词不定式作定语用在两个句型中：1. _________________ 2.____________________
Activity 2.Work out the rules of infinitives as attribute.
Explore
未发生
have ...to do
there be ...to do
不定代词
不定式作状语
Yang was 38 when he became the first Chinese person _________(go) into the space on the Shenzhou-5, on Oct 15,2003, making China the third country_________(master) manned space capabilities. To satisfy the requirements of an astronaut, he seized every minute and every second of every day to master knowledge. Besides, he got physical and mental training course to prepare for his space mission. The intensive course lasted for five and a half years, with three thousand hours of study. Finally, the man who had shown the best results would shoulder the task_________ (pilot) the Shenzhou shuttle on China's first manned space flight, which show his desire__________ (explore) the space.
Activity 3. Read a passage about Yang Liwei and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the words given in brackets.
Apply
to go
to master
to pilot
to explore
Finding 2: the infinitive (to do) is used as ____________to indicate the purpose.
1.To satisfy the requirements of an astronaut, he seized every minute and every second of every day to master knowledge.
2.Besides, he got physical and mental training course to prepare for his space mission.
Activity 4 . Observe the sentences and answer the question：
What is the function of infinitives(to do) in these sentences
Present
adverbial
Explore
例句 句子成分 用法
1.Scientists work hard to find out the secrets of the universe. 2. As we all know, an astronaut needs to be healthy and calm in order to work in space. 3. You must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 4. I'm afraid the whole process is too complicated to explain in a few words. 5. We were surprised to find that he had already left. 不定式在句中用作 —————
1.可表示：_______________
2.常见结构有： _______________
_______________
_______________
Activity 5.Work out the rules of infinitives as adverbial.
状语
目的；结果；原因
He is too young to go to school.
We went so early as to get good seats.
He is such an intelligent boy as to solve the problem in an instant.
sb + be + adj.+to do
I was very sad to hear the news.
You are kind to help me learn English.
It’s sad for me to hear the news.
It’s kind of you to help me learn English.
Summarize the usages of infinitives as the attribute or the adverbial.
adverbial
状语
attribute
定语
to do
目的状语:
结果状语:
enough to (足够做...),
too...to(太...而不能),
so/such... as to (如此...以至于)
多修饰名词
常作后置定语
往往表示尚未发生的动作
普通名词常被序数词、最高级修饰
抽象名词常有：dream, desire, chance,
hope, promise, idea, fact, way...
to do, in order to (可句首句中),
so as to (只能句中)
forms
1 一般式
2 进行式
3 完成式
原因状语:
sb＋be＋adj. ＋to do ...
Apply the rules
1.I have a lot of work (do).
2.The airport (complete) next year is under construction.
3.The matter (discuss) tomorrow is important.
不定式作定语表将来
to do
to be completed
to be discussed
1. (为了赶上) others, the intelligent young man has been working very hard.
2. I’m saving up (为了买一个电脑).
3. He shouted and waved in order to
(notice).
5. I’ll write down his telephone number
(以免忘记).
不定式表目的
To keep up with
to buy a computer
be noticed
so as not to forget it
1. He arrived at the train station, (结果发现) the train had already left.
2. He got to the station only to (tell) that the train had gone.
3. He woke up (find) himself alone in the house.
不定式表出乎意料的结果
现在分词表自然而然的结果
4. He failed his exam, (make) his father angry
only to find
be told
to find
making
即学即练 单句语法填空
1. The airport __________________ (complete) next year will help promote tourism in this area.
2. Do you have something ____________ (do) tonight
3. The best way ______________ (improve) your
English is to join an English club.
4.I was surprised ________(watch) him eat so
quickly.
5.__________ (realise) our wishes, we must try
our best to work well.
6.He is _____honest a man_____ （tell) a lie.
to be completed
to do
to improve
to watch
To realise
too
to tell
Hello, my dear friends! I am greatly honoured ________ (share) the event with you. The theme of the activity is ___________ (introduce) Chinese traditional culture. During this month, there will be various activities for you ____________ (experience) the rich and colourful Chinese culture. You will have a chance ___________ (make) paper-cutting or ____________ (appreciate) Chinese arts. There will be some lectures for you _________ (attend), _______ is beneficial to your understanding about China. ________ (learn) more about China, don’t hesitate _________ (contact) us and be the first ________ (sign) up for the activity.
to share
to introduce
to experience
to make
to appreciate
语篇演练
to attend
To learn
which
to contact
to sign

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