资源简介

(共59张PPT)
Unit 4 Living with technology
Reading (知识点讲解)
Imagine waking up one morning with the option of ________ (stay) in bed and pressing a button to send a robot to do all the work for you. How cool that would be! It may seem like building castles in the air, but given the rate ____ which artificial intelligence, or Al, is being developed, in the future such dreams may actually come true.
想象一下，某天早上你醒来，可以选择继续躺在床上，按下一个按钮，就能召来一台机器人为你处理所有的工作。那该有多酷啊!这听起来可能像是在建空中楼阁，但鉴于人工智能(AI)目前的发展速度，这样的梦想在将来也许真的可以实现。
Para 1
有选择做某事+doing / to do
空中阁楼，幻想
at
staying
perp 鉴于，考虑到 adj 特定的
（
）
非限定从
主句
别无选择只能做某事
have no choice / option but to do sth
1. ... with the option of staying in bed ... (line 1)
n. 可选择的事物；选择的自由
have no option/choice/alternative but to do sth
have the option of doing.../to do...
optional adj. 随意的，任选的，可选择的，非强制的;选修的
（反：compulsory (因法律或规则而)必须做的，强制的，强迫的;义务的）
I had no option but ____________(ask) him to leave.
Students have the option _____________(study) abroad in their second year.
Some courses are compulsory while others are ________ (option).
Our schools provide a wide variety of optional classes ___________(cater) to students of different levels.
Practice makes perfect.
to ask
to study
optional
to cater
(1)prep.
given sth/that ...
(2)adj.
_______________________, they've done a good job.
考虑到他们经验,他们已经做得不错了。
__________________________________________, teaching was a proper career for her.
考虑到她真的对孩子感兴趣，教师这一职业对她来说很合适。
Given their experience
Given that she was really interested in children
鉴于，考虑到(相当于considering 或in view of)
在句中作状语 = considering that …
指定的,所述的,特定的(作前置定语)
At the basic level, artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims ________(creat) intelligent machines. One of the essential aims of Al is ___________(develop) computer intelligence capable of ______ (learn) from experience, adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans.
从基础层面上讲，人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支学科，其目标是研发智能机器。AI的基本目标之一，是开发能够学习过往经验、适应新的输入内容并且能够像人类一样执行任务的计算机智能。
of后三个并列v.-ing做宾语
Para 2
n 分支，分行，分流
目的是做.....
adj 基本的，必要的
to create
to develop
learning
adj短语作后置定语
例：1.他的目的是当总统。
His ____ was to become president.
2. 他的目标是接济最贫困的家庭。
He _______ help the poorest families.
At the basic level, artificial intelligence is a branch of computer science that aims to develop intelligent machines.(line 6-7)
句意：在基础层面，人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支，旨在开发智能机器。
aim v. 旨在，致力于；针对；瞄准，对准
n. 目标，目的；瞄准，对准
aim/intend to do 计划，打算；以……为目标
aim
aims to
(1)
a capacity to do sth.
(2) n. 领悟(或理解、办事)能力
(3) n. 能力,才能
He was elected as manager for his excellent __________(capable) of leadership.
Anne was intelligent and _________________________ with ease.
安妮很聪明，能够车易地通过考试。
capability
capable of passing exams
有能力做某事
capacity
capability
be capable of (doing) sth.
capacity 指行为能力
competence 指胜任某项工作或任务的能力
ability 指一般的才干
To achieve this aim, many approaches to _________(creat) true Al have been put forward, including“ deep learning", _____ enables a machine ___________ (improve) its own performance by learning from the results of its previous actions. Deep-learning Al has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, _________ (imitate) the complex networks of the human brain.
为了实现这个目标，人们提出过许多创造真正的AI的方法，其中包括“深度学习”--这种方法可以让机器通过学习自己先前的行为结果，来提升自身性能。深度学习AI拥有从多个层次分析海量信息的能力，它模拟的是人脑的复杂网络结构。
analyse vt． →__________ n．（单数） 分析;分解
imitate vt. →__________ n．模仿，仿制品
analysis
Para 2
creating
做某事的方法+doing
提出
to improve
能够做某事....
大量的
多个层次
（
）
现在分词作伴随状语
which
imitating
imitate v 模仿
imitation
例：1.我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。
We will be exploring different __________ to gathering
information.
2.他没有立即走近前门。
He didn’t _________ the front door at once.
3. 寒假即将来临： with the winter vacation ，
To achieve this aim, many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward, including...(line 9-10)
句意：为了实现这个目标，人们提出过许多创造真正的AI的方法，包括……
approach n. 方法，方式(to doing)
v.走进；临近；几乎达到（某水平或状态）
approaches
approach
approaching
例：他提出了新的和平建议。
He _____________ new peace proposals.
put forward 提出（计划、建议）
has put forward
【拓展】put forward还能怎么用？
1. We've put the wedding forward by one week.
2. Remember to put your clocks forward tonight.
3. Can I put your name forward for club secretary
将……提前
向前拨，拨快（时钟指针）
推荐，举荐
To achieve this aim, many approaches to creating true AI have been put forward, including...(line 9-10)
put off 推迟
put aside 把...放在一边，暂不考虑
put away 把...收好，储存
put down 记下， 镇压
put up with 忍受
put out 扑灭
put up 张贴，搭建，举起，给...提供住宿
① We put _____ the tools before we leave the workshop.
② Never put _____ until tomorrow what you can do today.
③ We are putting the play _____ again next week owing to(由于) its
success.
④ The fire man soon put the fire _____.
⑤ The doctor told me to put _____ my tongue.
⑥ It's time that we put _____ the Christmas decorations（装饰物） in
the living room.
⑦ Drop your weapons and put your hands _____.
⑧ Another supermarket has been put _____ near our house.
⑨ I can't put up _____ a lot of noisy people when I am working.
away
off
on
out
out
up
up
up
with
放好，收起来
延期，拖延
上演，穿戴
熄灭，扑灭，使...停止燃烧
伸出，拿出
挂起，张贴
举起，抬起
建造，搭起
忍受，容忍
4. Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data ... (line 12)
n. the number of things or people that a container or space can hold 容量；容纳能力
n. the ability to understand or to do sth 领悟能力
n. the official position or function that sb has职位；职责
have the capacity for (doing) sth/to do sth 做某事的能力
in one’s capacity as sth 作为...; 以...资格、身份或职位
beyond one’s capacity 超出某人的能力范围
adj. capable be capable of doing
In his capacity __ captain, he’s got the right to tell us what to do.
This maths problem is ________(超越) the capacity of most school children.
She has an enormous capacity ____ challenging work.
Limited resources are restricting our capacity _________ (develop) new products.
Practice makes perfect.
as
beyond
for
to develop
5. Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data ... (line 12)
adj. very large, heavy and solid 巨大的；结实的
adj. extremely serious 非常严重的
mass - massive - massively
the masses 群众 mass media 大众传媒
a mass of/masses of 许多...
If we are to succeed, we must rely on the _________(mass).
Club members can get a _________(mass) discount of 50%.
Practice makes perfect.
masses
massive
The dream of Al ______________(around) for centuries, and the development of computers since the 1940s has finally made ___ a reality. Years before the term "artificial intelligence“ was coined in the mid-1950s, the theory ________________ (explore) by Alan Turing, one of the pioneers in the field of computer science. However, for a long time, Al technology developed very slowly.
AI 的梦想已经存在了几个世纪，而 20 世纪 40 年代以来计算机的发展，终于让这个梦想成为现实。“人工智能”这个术语是在 20 世纪 50 年代中期被创造出来的，而在好几年前，这一理论就被计算机科学领域的先驱之一艾伦·图灵探索过。然而在很长一段时间里，AI技术发展得相当缓慢。
Para 3
adj 存在着
n. 术语，方面，时期
v. 创造(新词语)
（
）
同位语
had been explored
it
has been around
n. 先驱，先锋，拓荒者
explore v→___________n. 勘探，探索，探究 _________ n. 探险者，探测器
exploration
explorer
6. Years before the term “artificial intelligence” was coined ... (line 16)
v. If you coin a word or a phrase, you are the first person to say it. 创造（新词语）
Every coin has two sides. 万物都有两面性。
On the other side of the coin. 另一方面
to coin a phrase 套用一句老话；用老话来说
练习：
①. The technology needs ___________________(coin), or it won't follow
the step of the society.
②.我之前从末听过这一词语，据说是新创造的。
I haven't heard the expression before, ____________________________ .
③. 正如俗语所说的那样，焦何事物都直两面性。
As the saying goes,_____________________.
coining/to be coined
which is said to be newly coined
each coin has two sides
A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997, ______Deep Blue, a chess playing computer, beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov. Then in 2017, a computer program _______(name) AlphaGo defeated Ke Jie, ________(argue) the best human Go player, ______ demonstrated a significant advance in deep-learning Al systems.
1997年，AI发展有了一个重大突破，当时一台名叫深蓝的国际象棋计算机打败了国际象棋世界冠军加里·卡斯帕罗夫。之后在 2017 年，一个叫阿尔法围棋的计算机程序下赢了可谓人类最强的围棋棋手柯洁，这说明了深度学习 AI 系统的一大显著进展。
which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个主句
Para 3
在...方面的重大突破/进展
named
arguably
which
（
）
定语从句
when
Deep Blue的同位语
（
）
（
）
可论证地，按理，常用于adj比较级或最高级前
过去分词作后置定语
Ke Jie的同位语
v 论证，证明，展示，显示
Deep Blue VS Carry Kasparow
AlphaGo VS Ke Jie
..., arguably the best human Go player ... (line 22)
adv. you can use arguably when you are stating your opinion or belief, as a way of giving more authority to it
可论证地；有论据地
口语中译为：可以说
可以说，这是今年最好的电影。
按理，他是队里最好的球员。
Arguably, this is the best film of the year.
He is arguably the best player in the team.
argue - argument - arguable可论证的；无把握的；可疑的；-arguably
It is ___________(argue) that the majority of university students fall into this category.
We had an __________(argue) with the waiter about the bill.
He is _________(argue) the best actor of his generation.
Practice makes perfect.
arguable
argument
arguably
argue - argument - arguable -arguably
Nowadays, Al __ already _____________ (apply) in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, to name but a few. From autonomous vehicles to domestic robots, from recommendation systems to computers_________ (write) novels, Al has an __________ (limit) number of applications. Ordinary people are now using AI to get instant translations of text in foreign languages, and machines can __________(识别) fingerprints and even faces.
如今，AI已经应用于许多领域，如金融、医疗保健、机器翻译和艺术等，不一而足。从自动驾驶车辆到家用机器人，从推荐系统到撰写小说的电脑，AI有着不计其数的应用。普通人现在能够使用 AI获取外语文本的即时翻译，机器也已经能够识别人们的指纹甚至面容。
Para 4
n. 财政，金融 v 提供资金
略举几例
自动驾驶汽车
家用机器人
adj 无限制的
adj 即时的
n. 指纹
writing
unlimited
recognize
being applied
is
7. Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, to name but a few.
如今，AI已经应用于许多领域，如金融、医疗保健、机器翻译和艺术等，仅举几例。
finance n. 财政，金融;资金; 财力，财源;财务管理
vt. 为……提供资金
government / public / personal finances 政府/公共/个人财力
e.g. Finance for education comes from advertisement income.
financial adj. 金融的；财政的；财务的
financially adv. 财政上；财务上
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
2) It’s reported that the project will __________ (finance) by a company.
3) Provide __________ (finance) aid and other benefits for local peoples. (2021 全国I卷)
4) She’s been struggling _____________ (finance) for years since her husband died in an accident.
be financed
financial
financially
(1) 表示列举实例的短语，“等等”
and so on; and so on and so forth; and others; and other things; and all that; this, that and the other; and the like; and what have you
(2) make a name for oneself 使自己出名
in / under the name of 用……作名字，以……的名义
to name but a few: just as some examples among many more
略举几例
e.g. Bees and bats, to name but a few, can see what humans can’t.
9. From autonomous vehicles to domestic robots, ... (line 26)
adj. of or inside a particular country; not foreign or international 本国的；国内的
adj. used in the home; connected with the home or family 家用的；家庭的；家务的
adj. liking home life;喜爱家庭生活的
domestic - domesticate - domestically（在国内/在家庭方面）
We are supposed__________(make) a plan for sharing domestic plans.
This is one of the best domestic _________(appliance电器) I have used.
I am proud that our school is __________(domestic) and internationally famous.
Practice makes perfect.
to make
appliances
domestically
and machines can recognize fingerprints and even faces.(L29-30)
(1)beyond recognition
(2) v. 认出，识别；承认；接受，认可；赞赏
承认……是……
I went back to Birmingham after 20 years and it had changed
__________ recognition.
We recognize him _________(be) a hard-working and honest person.
There is ______________________________ the urgent need for garbage classification.
人们普遍认识到迫切需要进行垃圾分类。
beyond
a general recognition of
to be
认不出来，识别不出
recognize
recognize...as/to be...
and machines can recognize fingerprints and even faces.(L29-30)
1.I had difficulty ___________ (recognition) her at first because she had changed a lot.
2.The ___________ (recognize) of his talent came when he won the first prize.
3.She had changed so much that I failed to ________ (recognizable) her.
4.It is widely ______________ (recognize) that environmental protection is of great importance.
recognizing
recognition
recognize
recognized
recognize - recognition - recognized - recognizable
In short, this technology is transforming the way we live. ___ is clear that we are at a turning point in history. With machines like AlphaGo now ____________ (capability) of thinking and _________ (learn) from their mistakes, we are getting closer to the dividing line between humans and machines. The question is, where will all this lead
简而言之，这项技术正在改变我们的生活方式。显然，我们正处于历史的转折点。有了阿尔法围棋这种能够思考并从自身错误中学习的机器，我们正在向人类与机器的界限越靠越近。问题在于，这一切将会导致什么
Para 5
简言之
lt
（
）
the way作先行词，定语从句关系词用 that/in which/省略
capable
learning
with +宾+adj（with复合结构）
转折点
While Al enthusiasts promise us a bright future ______ intelligent robots will be working to our advantage, these __________(doubt) benefits also bring concerns and fears. Could machines really develop human-like intelligence And what would happen if they did Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the _________ (exist) of humans How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans
AI的热烈支持者向我们承诺未来会是美好的，到那时智能机器人将为人类谋利;但这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了忧虑和恐惧。机器真的能够发展出像人类一样的智能吗 如果真的可以，又会发生什么 能够思考的机器是会与人类并肩工作，还是会威胁人类的生存 如果它们犯了罪甚至谋杀了人类，又该如何惩罚
Para 5
让步状语从句
where
existence
（
）
定从，修饰a bright future （抽象地点）
undoubted
对某人有利
v 威胁
n 存在
犯罪
v 谋杀
As we become more and more dependent ___computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers ______(pose) by the advances in AI. Stephen Hawking, for example, warned, “ The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race."
随着我们对电脑的依赖越来越深，些科学家正敦促我们思考 AI的进步所带来的危险。例如，斯蒂芬·霍金就曾警告说:“完全人工智能的发展可能意味着人类的终结。”
Para 5
时间状从，”随着，当...时”
on
posed
大力推荐/敦促某人做某事
（
）
过去分词短语作后置定语
v 产生，造成
v 拼写，招致，意味着（通常指坏事）
enthusiast n.热衷于...的人；爱好者；热心者(L36)
enthusiast - enthusiasm - enthusiastic -enthusiastically
1.She is an ________ supporter of the team.
2.She has great ___________for music.
3.She greeted us ______________ .
4.There are many computer ______________ in our school.
enthusiastic
enthusiasm
enthusiastically
enthusiasts
8. While AI enthusiasts promise us a bright future _______ intelligent robots will be working to our advantages, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears. L 36
AI的热烈支持者向我们承诺未来会是美好的，到那时智能机器人将为人类谋利，但这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了忧虑和恐惧。
1). 句子结构分析：
while:“虽然”，引导_____状语从句。where引导_______从句，修饰_______。
2). where用法：
where引导定语从句，所修饰的先行词可以是表示具体地点的名词，也可以是抽象化的名词，如point, policy, position, situation, case, condition等，where 在从句中做___________。
让步
定语
future
地点状语
where
判断句中where引导的从句类型：
(1)Opposite is St Paul’s Church, where you can hear some lovely
music. ______________
(2)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere
where his employees enjoy their homework. _____________
(3)My father grow up where he was born. _______________
(4)That is where I was when the accident happened. ___________
(5)Where the old man is from is still a puzzle. ____________
(6)She raised the question where we could get the fund. __________
定语从句
定语从句
地点状语从句
表语从句
主语从句
同位语从句
9. Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existence of humans？
能够思考的机器是会与人类井肩工作，还是会威胁人类的生存？
threaten vt. 危及，对…构成威胁；威胁，恐吓
threat n.恐吓，威吓
threatened adj. 受到威胁的 threatening adj. 威胁的
threaten to do sth. 威胁要做某事
under threat 受到威胁：被威胁或面临危险的状态
单句语法填空
① In both Africa and Asia, elephants ____________________(threaten)
by changes in their natural habitats at present.
② Because of the drought, the people in this area are threatened
_________the poor harvest.
③ There are several things you can do to defend your home against
this _________(threaten).
④ It is said that many precious species are _______threat from
human activities.
⑤ Make sure there are no ______________(threat) threatening tones in
your proposal.
are being threatened
with/by
threatening
under
threat
10. How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans
如果它们犯了罪甚至谋杀了人类，又该如何惩罚？
虚拟情况 if条件句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式
与现在事实相反 过去式(be用were) would/ could/ might/ should+动词原形
与将来事实相反 ① 过去式(be用were) ②should+动词原形 ③were to+动词原形 would/ could/might/ should+动词原形
与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 would / could/ might/ should+ have+过去分词
含if从句
虚拟语气
e.g. If I were you, I would go with her to learn the matter at once. (与现在事实相反)
If it should rain tomorrow, you could stay at home.
(与将来事实相反)
If I had known your telephone number yesterday, I would have phoned you. (与过去事实相反)
【语境应用】单句语法填空。
1) I wish that man ____________ (speak) longer at that time.
2) What a pity! You missed the sightseeing, or we _________ __________ (have) a good time together.
had spoken
would have had
10. How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans (lines 41-42)
v做出/犯（罪或错等）；承诺，保证；忠于（某人、机构等）；全心全意投入（工作、活动等）
commit murder/suicide 谋杀/自杀
commit sb/yourself (to sth/to doing sth)承诺，保证
be committed to sb/(doing) sth 忠于；投入
commit-committed-commitment
Most crimes _____________(commit) by young men.
The President is committed ______________(reform) health care.
Borrowers should think carefully before committing ___________ to taking out a loan（取得贷款）.
They are _________(commit) socialists.
Practice makes perfect.
themselves
to reforming
are committed
committed
11. ... some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. (line 43)
v. to advise or try hard to persuade sb to do sth 敦促，力劝
n. a strong desire to do sth 冲动
urge sb to do sth 催促/力劝某人做某事
have an urge to do sth 有做某事的冲动
urge sb on为某人加油；激励某人;怂恿某人
urge +that从句（从句谓语用should do，should可省略）
urge - urgent - urgency
The winter vacation is approaching and I have an urge ____________(travel).
The report urged that all children _______________(teach) to swim.
She could hear him ________(urge) her on as she ran past.
There is an _______(urge) need for food and water.
Practice makes perfect.
urging
(should) be taught
to travel
urgent
12. ... some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI. (line 43)
v. If something poses a problem or a danger, it is the cause of that problem or danger. 造成（问题或危险）
v. to ask a question 提出（问题）
v. to pretend to be someone in order to deceive people假扮
n. a particular way that you stand, sit or lie. 姿势
pose a threat to sb/sth 给...造成威胁
pose as sb 假扮某人
pose for sb/sth 为...摆好姿势
Global warming has posed a threat ____ the survival of animals such as polar bears.
The students posed _____ a group photograph.
The thief entered the building __________(pose) as a deliveryman.
Practice makes perfect.
posing
for
to
... could spell the end of the human race. (lines 45-46)
v. 招致； 意味着（通常指坏事）
spell - spelled - spelled (spell-spelt-spelt)
试译：The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.
完全人工智能的发展可能意味着人类的终结。
___________(apparent), such warnings demand our attention. We need to make sure that we will not fall victim to Al. We may still think it would be fantastic to relax all day and allow autonomous machines_______(do) all the work for us—but perhaps we should not be too greedy and rather be careful what we wish for!
显然，这样的警告需要得到我们的重视。我们需要确保自己不会沦为 AI的受害者。我们可能还是会认为，可以整天放松，让自动化机器为我们完成所有工作这样的生活很美妙-但也许我门不该太过贪婪，而应对我们的期待保持谨慎!
Para 6
adv 显然
n 警告
v 需要
受伤，被害
adj 贪婪的，贪心的
Apparently
to do
12. Apparently , such _________(warn) demand our attention.
显然，这样的警告需要得到我们的重视。
1). warning n.警告，警示，先兆；警戒
adj.警告的，告诚的
warning of/ about sth. 关于某事的警告
warning against (doing) sth. 不要做某事的警告
What are the most important warning signals that a pandemic is
about to start？
大流行病将要暴发的最重要的警告信号是什么？
warnings
warn vi. & vt. 警告，告诚;提醒注意（可能发生的事）
warn sb. of/ about/against sth. 提醒/告诫某人注意某事
warn sb. (not）to do sth. 告诚/警告/提醒某人（不）做某事
warn sb. (that)…警告/告诚/提醒某人
单句语法填空
① Scientists have built an early ___________(warn) system based
on mathematical models.
② Family experts warn_________the new equality can also result in
less respect for parents.
③ The illuminator（照明灯）did not cast much light, but it warned
______ an approaching train.
warning
that
of
(1) 要求做某事
要求……做某事
(2) 满足某人的需要
非常需要的；受欢迎的
(3)demanding adj.
She demanded ____________(tell ) everything about the accident because she was concerned about it.
The public demanded that the government ________________________(增加预算) to ban smoking in public.
There's an _______________________ organic products these days.
近来对有机产产品的需求正在增加。
to be told
(should) increase budget
increasing demand for
demand to do sth.
demand that...(should) do sth.
meet/satisfy one’s demand(s)
in demand
要求高的；费力的；难满足的
To achieve this aim, many approaches ___ creating true AI have been put forward.
Years before the term “artificial intelligence” _________ (coin) in the mid-1950s, the theory ________________(explore) by Alan Turing, one of the pioneers in the field of computer science.
A major breakthrough _____ AI came in 1997, ________ Deep Blue, a chess-playing computer, beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov.
to
Text Review
was coined
had been explored
in
when
7. Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, machine translation and art, ________________(不一而足).
8. ______ recommendation systems to computers writing novels, AI has an _________(limit) number of applications.
9. It is clear that we are ___ a turning point in history.
10. While AI __________(enthusiastic) promise us a bright future ______intelligent robots will be working ______ our advantage, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears.
to name but a few
unlimited
From
at
enthusiasts
to
where
11. How would they be punished if they _________ (commit) crimes
12. As we become more and more dependent ________ computers, some scientists are urging us __________(think) about the dangers __________(pose) by the advances in AI.
13. We need to make sure that we will not fall victim ______AI.
14. We may still think it would be fantastic to relax all day and allow ______________(autonomy) machines to do all the work for us.
committed
on
to think
posed
to
autonomous
Thank you!

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