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定语从句
1. 什么是定语从句？
2. 定语从句是怎么样的？
3. 如何选择定语从句的连接词？
4. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
5. 关系词只用that不用which的情况
6. 定语从句的补充
学习目标：
一、定语从句的概述
They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.
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主句
定语从句
They were well trained by their great masters.
定语
作定语的句子
一、定语从句的概述
They were well trained by their masters.
Their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.
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They were well trained by their masters who had great experience with caring for these animals.
先行词
关系词（引导词）
二、定语从句的结构
先行词 (n. /代词) + 关系词 陈述句
定语从句
主句
被定语从句修饰的词
关系词有三个作用：
连接先行词和定语从句或引导定语从句；
2. 指代先行词。
3. 关系词在定语从句中充当一个成分，如主语、宾语、定语、状语等；
先行词是人的时候
三、定语从句关系词的选择
先行词 关系词在从句中作的成分 关系词选择 例句 备注
人 主语 who/that Do you know the man who/that is talking with your mother
宾语 who/whom/that The boy (who/whom/that) she loved died in the war. who,whom,
which和that在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，常可以省略。
定语 whose The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. whose表示所属关系
先行词是物的时候
三、定语从句关系词的选择
先行词 关系词在从句中作的成分 关系词选择 例句 备注
物 主语 which/that A plane is a machine which/that can fly.
宾语 which/that The book (which/that) I gave you was worth 100 yuan. who,whom,
which和that在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，常可以省略。
定语 whose I like those books whose topics are about history. whose表示所属关系
先行词是时间、地点、原因的时候
三、定语从句关系词的选择
先行词 关系词在从句中作的成分 关系词选择 例句 备注
时间 时间状语 when I will never foget the day when we met. 可用on which 代替when
地点 地点状语 where This is the house where I was born. 可用in which代替where
原因 原因状语 why I can't imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which代替why
This is the reason he left.
This is the reason for he left.
This is the place my mother was born.
This is the place in my mother was born.
October 1st, 1949 is the day the People's Republic of China was founded.
October 1st, 1949 is the day on the People's Republic of China was founded.
why
which
where
which
when
which
总结：关系副词when/where/why有时可以用由介词+which代替
why = for which
when = on which
where = in which
判断关系词的步骤：
1. 确定先行词；
2. 确定定语从句中缺少的成分；
3. 选择相应的关系词。
The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum opened in 1759.
(2020新高考全国I卷）
which/that
1. 先行词是事/物，关系词选择 which / that
判断关系词的步骤：
1. 确定先行词；
2. 确定定语从句中缺少的成分；
3. 选择相应的关系词。
按照步骤完成以下练习
The Digital World is a set of volumes aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts.
(2020新高考全国II卷）
which / that
1. 先行词是事/物，关系词选择 which / that
判断关系词的步骤：
1. 确定先行词；
2. 确定定语从句中缺少的成分；
3. 选择相应的关系词。
Happiness and success often come to those are good at recognizing their own strengths.
who/that
2. 先行词是人，关系词选择 who/ whom/ that
判断关系词的步骤：
1. 确定先行词；
2. 确定定语从句中缺少的成分；
3. 选择相应的关系词。
In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.
(2020全国III卷）
whose
3. 先行词是人 / 物，表示人或物的所有关系，关系词选择 whose
判断关系词的步骤：
1. 确定先行词；
2. 确定定语从句中缺少的成分；
3. 选择相应的关系词。
As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.
when
4. 先行词是时间，关系词选择when
判断关系词的步骤：
1. 确定先行词；
2. 确定定语从句中缺少的成分；
3. 选择相应的关系词。
Because the moon's body blocks direct radio communication with a probe, China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.
5. 先行词是地点，关系词选择where
where
(2020全国I卷）
判断关系词的步骤：
1. 确定先行词；
2. 确定定语从句中缺少的成分；
3. 选择相应的关系词。
判断关系词的步骤：
1. 确定先行词；
2. 确定定语从句中缺少的成分；
3. 选择相应的关系词。
1. It’s helpful to put children in a situation ________ they can see themselves differently.
2. Students should involve themselves in community
activities they can gain experience for growth.
where
5. 先行词是模糊/抽象地点，关系词选择where。
注意:高考对where的考查趋于复杂,先行词由“明显的地点”转为“模糊的地点”,或者说“抽象的地点”。这些名词有: stage, case, position, situation, point, occasion, activity等。
where
Tell me the reason you came late.
why
6. 先行词是原因，关系词选择 why
判断关系词的步骤：
1. 确定先行词；
2. 确定定语从句中缺少的成分；
3. 选择相应的关系词。
四、定语从句的分类
四、定语从句的分类
He will call his friend who is working in London.
He will call his friend Tom, who is working in London.
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句
先行词范围是否明确！
非限制性定语从句关系词的选择
1. The Wal-Mart, which is designed for thousands of traders and shoppers, has become an attraction itself.
2. Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last month.
3. He came at six, when I am usually in the kitchen.
注意：
1.可以引导非限制性定语从句的关系词有 which / who / whom / when / where
2. that 和 why 不可以引导非限制性定语从句。
类别/ 区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
逗号 无逗号 有逗号
先行词 范围不明确 范围明确
作用 修饰限定先行词，不能省略，影响表意 补充说明先行词，可以省略，不影响表意
翻译 往前翻译（译到先行词前，"……的名词”） 不用往前翻译
关系词 ①关系词可以用that,why； ②作宾语可以省略； ③指人作宾语，可用whom /who /that；指物作宾语，可用which /that ①关系词不能用that,why；
②不可以省略；
③指人作宾语，只能用whom；指物作宾语，只能用which
Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.
(2019全国I卷）
which
1. 先行词是事/物，非限定性定语从句中关系词选择 which，不能用that。
判断关系词的步骤：
1. 确定先行词；
2. 确定定语从句中缺少的成分；
3. 选择相应的关系词。
But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
(2017全国III卷）
who
2. 先行词是人，非限制性定语从句中关系词选择 who/ whom，不能用that。
判断关系词的步骤：
1. 确定先行词；
2. 确定定语从句中缺少的成分；
3. 选择相应的关系词。
特殊的非限制性定语从句
Tom was late for school, which made his teacher very angry.
(which只能放在主句的后面，指代前面整句话，意为“这”。)
Mike, as you know, is an honest man.
Mike is an honest man, as you know.
As you know, Mike is an honest man..
(as可前可后，意为“正如”。)
练习：
is known to all, the Internet is playing an important part in our daily life.
As
五、关系词只能用that不能用which的情况
口诀：代、高、序、特、双
1.当先行词是everything,anything,nothing,something,all,none,few,little,some等不定代词时,或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等不定代词修饰时。
We should do all that is useful to the people.
2.先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last等修饰时。
This is the only place that I want to visit.
3.先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。
This is the third dictionary that I have used.
4.以who或which开头的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句, 为避免重复时。
Who is the man that is standing under the tree
5.先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。
This is the best novel that I have ever read.
6.当先行词同时含有表示人和物的名词时。
We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.
口诀：代、高、序、特、双
介词+which/whom引导的定语从句
1. Do you know the boy with whom your mother is talking
2. He gave me some novels with which I am not familiar.
3. I will never forget the years in which we worked together.
总结：由介词+关系词引导的定语从句
先行词为人，用介词+whom；
先行词为物，用介词+which。
定语从句的补充
She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.
We are always doing things that someone else make us do and aren’t allowed to do all the things we like.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.
Therefore, the time a professor can spend with a student outside of class is limited.
We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.
Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.
Kate, sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.
高考真题演练
which
that
who
that/which
when
where
whose
1. 什么是定语从句？
2. 定语从句是怎么样的？
3. 如何选择定语从句的连接词？
4. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句
5. 关系词只用that不用which的情况
6. 定语从句的补充
学习目标：
Thank you!

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