Unit 3 Getting along with others Grammar and usage 课件(共41张PPT) -译林版(2019)必修第一册

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Unit 3 Getting along with others Grammar and usage 课件(共41张PPT) -译林版(2019)必修第一册

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(共41张PPT)
定语从句
高中语法点常考集合
定语从句攻略
第一站:认识它 (What & Why)
定语从句是什么?
——核心概念与作用
第二站:剖析它 (How)
1. 核心密码:关系词的选择逻辑
2. 两大阵营:限制性 vs. 非限制性
3. 关系代词四句头:who, whom, which, that
4. 不可或缺的“whose”
5. 关系副词三剑客:where, when, why
6. 高阶形态:介词 + 关系代词
7. 特殊成员:as的独特角色
第三站:应用它 (Practice & Summary)
1. 实战演练与避坑指南
2. 知识网络全景图
第一站
第一站:认识它 (What & Why)
定语从句是什么?
——核心概念与作用
定语从句是什么?——句子的“形容词外套”
功能:修饰名词或代词(即先行词),为其增加信息,像给名词穿上一件“形容词外套”
位置:紧跟在先行词之后。
标志:由关系词引导。
核心概念:

从“点”到“线”的示例
点 (基础句):I have a book. (我有一本书。)
线 (增加修饰):I have a book. + The book is about AI.
(我有一本书。+ 这本书是关于AI的。)
面 (合并成从句):I have a book which is about AI.
(我有一本关于AI的书。)
第二站:剖析它 (How)
1. 核心密码:关系词的选择逻辑
2. 两大阵营:限制性 vs. 非限制性
3. 关系代词四句头:who, whom, which, that
4. 不可或缺的“whose”
5. 关系副词三剑客:where, when, why
6. 高阶形态:介词 + 关系代词
7. 特殊成员:as的独特角色
1. 核心密码:关系词的选择逻辑
第一步:锁定先行词
是“人”
是“物/事”
that/who/whom
that/which
1. 核心密码:关系词的选择逻辑
第二步:分析从句缺什么
缺主语/宾语 → 需要关系代词
缺定语 (表示“……的”)
→ 需要whose
缺状语 (地点/时间/原因)
→ 需要关系副词
1. 核心密码:关系词的选择逻辑
第三步:根据规则选定具体关系词
I have a book which is about AI
book 是物,故用which
is是谓语,AI 是宾语,缺少主语,即先行词book 在从句中充当主语
例子:
关系代词四句头(who, whom, which, that)
关系词 指代 从句中充当角色
关键考点与区别
who 人 主语
作宾语时,口语中常用who代替whom。
whom 人 宾语
正式用语。介词后必须用whom。
which| 物/事 主语或宾语
非限制性从句中只能用which
that 人或物/事 主语或宾语
通用但非全能,有专用和禁用场合。
特例与专才:that的“特权”与whose的“所属”
-------that的专用与禁用场合
必须用that的“点”
1. 先行词被序数词、最高级、the only, the very等修饰时。
2. 先行词是all, everything, nothing, something等不定代词时。
3. 先行词中同时包含人和物时。
特例与专才:that的“特权”与whose的“所属”
-------that的专用与禁用场合
绝不用that的“点”
1. 非限制性定语从句中(因为有逗号)。
2. 介词之后(介词后只能用which/whom)。
特例与专才:that的“特权”与whose的“所属”
-------关系词whose——表示“……的”
功能:表示所属关系,在从句中作定语。
指代:既可指人,也可指物。
转换公式 (重要“线”):whose + N = the + N + of which/whom
例:The house whose roof is red is mine.
= The house the roof of which is red is mine.
关系副词三剑客(where, when, why)
本质揭示: 关系副词 = 介词 + which
where = in/at/on... + which (表示地点)
when = in/on/at... + which(表示时间)
why = for + which(表示原因,先行词常为the reason)
关系副词三剑客(where, when, why)
判断关键 :从句主谓宾齐全,只缺一个地点、时间或原因状语时,就用关系副词。
This is the city. + I was born in the city.
= This is the city where I was born.
(从句主谓宾齐全,缺地点状语)
逗号决定命运——限制性 vs. 非限制性
特征 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句
形式 | 无逗号与主句分隔 有逗号与主句分隔
功能 限定识别,是先行词不可或缺的定语。去掉后主句意思不完整或改变。 补充说明,是先行词的“额外赠品”。去掉后主句意思依然完整。
翻译 “…的” 常译为并列句:“它/他…”
关系词 关系词有时可省略(作宾语时)。that可用。 关系词不可省略。绝不用that。
指代 只修饰先行词。 可修饰先行词,也可指代前面整个句子。
逗号决定命运——限制性 vs. 非限制性
示例分析:
The students who passed the exam are happy.
(限定:只有考过的学生开心。)
The students, who passed the exam, are happy.
(补充:这些学生都考过了,他们很开心。)
高阶形态:介词 + 关系代词
核心规则
1. 介词可放在关系代词之前(正式)或从句谓语动词之后(口语)。
2. 介词提前时,关系代词只能用which(指物)或whom(指人),且不能省略。
高阶形态:介词 + 关系代词
对比与转换:
This is the house. I lived in it two years ago.
口语/常用:This is the house (which/that) I lived in two years ago. (可省略)
正式文体:This is the house in which I lived two years ago. (不可省略)
特殊成员 as
两大用法:
1. 固定搭配:such...as (像…一样的),the same...as (和…相同的)
He is not such a man as would lie. (他不是那种会说谎的人。)
2. 指代整个主句:引导非限制性定语从句,位置灵活
(可在句首、句中、句末),常含有“正如”“这一点”之意。
特殊成员 as
as vs which:
which指代主句时,只能放在主句后,没有“正如”的意思。
He passed the exam, which made us happy. (which仅指代前面这件事)
As is known to all, the earth is round. (正如…)
The earth is round, as is known to all. (这一点…)
第三站:应用它 (Practice & Summary)
1. 实战演练与避坑指南
2. 知识网络全景图
练习
1. The girl ______ is standing under the tree is my best friend.
A. who
B. whom
C. which
D. whose
答案:A
解析: 先行词为“the girl”(人),从句中缺少主语,应使用关系代词who或that,选项中只有who符合。
练习
2. This is the museum ______ we visited last year.
A. where
B. which
C. when
D. why
答案:B
解析: 先行词为“the museum”(物),从句中visited为及物动词,缺少宾语,应使用关系代词which或that。where是关系副词,在从句中作状语。
练习
3. The reason ______ he was late is that he missed the bus.
A. why
B. which
C. that
D. when
答案:A
解析: 先行词为“the reason”,且在从句中作原因状语,应使用关系副词why或for which。
练习
4. I’ll never forget the day ______ I first came to this school.
A. which
B. when
C. where
D. that
答案:B
解析: 先行词为“the day”,且在从句中作时间状语,应使用关系副词when或on which。
练习
5. The man ______ daughter won the competition is our teacher.
A. who
B. whom
C. whose
D. which
答案:C
解析: 从句中“daughter”与“the man”之间是所属关系,需要表示“...的”的关系代词,whose在此处相当于“the man’s”。
练习
6. Is this the factory ______ your father works
A. where
B. which
C. that
D. the one
答案:A
解析: 先行词为“the factory”,从句主谓宾齐全(your father works),但缺少地点状语,应使用关系副词where或in which。
练习
7. He talked about the teachers and schools ______ he had visited.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. whom
答案:C
解析: 先行词同时包含“人”(teachers)和“物”(schools),关系代词只能用that。
练习
8. The last place ______ we visited in the village was the farm.
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. what
答案:B
解析: 先行词“place”被序数词“the last”修饰,关系代词通常用that。虽然从句中visited缺宾语,可用which或that,但根据“序数词后常用that”的规则,B更佳。
练习
9. She has two brothers, both of ______ are engineers.
A. them
B. whom
C. who
D. which
答案:B
解析: 非限制性定语从句,先行词为“two brothers”(人),且跟在介词“of”后,关系代词只能用whom。
练习
10. I don’t like the way ______ he speaks to his parents.
A. /
B. in that
C. which
D. of which
答案:A
解析: 先行词为“the way”,表示方式,关系词可用in which、that或省略。B项in that是错误搭配。
练习
11. The book, ______ cover is broken, is very interesting.
A. which
B. whose
C. its
D. that
答案:B
解析: 非限制性定语从句,从句中“cover”需要表示所属关系的定语,whose相当于“the book’s”。
练习
12. He failed the exam, ______ made his parents very disappointed.
A. that
B. which
C. as
D. it
答案:B
解析: 非限制性定语从句,关系代词which指代前面整个主句“He failed the exam”。that不能用于非限制性定语从句。
练习
13. There is nothing in the world ______ can frighten him.
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. whom
答案:A
解析: 先行词为不定代词“nothing”,关系代词通常用that。
练习
14. This is the best movie ______ I have ever seen.
A. which
B. that
C. who
D. whom
答案:B
解析: 先行词被形容词最高级“the best”修饰,关系代词通常用that
练习
15. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______ sat a little boy.
A. it
B. that
C. which
D. where
答案:C
解析: 非限制性定语从句,介词“in front of”后接关系代词,指物用which,指人用whom。此处先行词“farmhouse”为物。
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