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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
8B Unit2 重点语法提升练
单元语法：现在完成时（2）
1. have been to/have gone to/have been（in/at）区别
have been to表示“曾经去过（人已回来）”
have gone to意为“已经去了（人不在这里）”
have been （in/ at …） 表示“待在……一段时间”。
如：Have you ever been to HK 你曾经去过香港吗？
Linda isn’t at home. She has gone to the library. 琳达不在家，她已经去了图书馆。
The Greens have been in China for 10 years. 格林一家人已经待在中国10年了。
2. for和since的用法
for+一段时间，表示“持续……”
since+ 过去的时间点 / 过去时的句子，表示“自从……以来” 。
如：I have studied in this school for 3 years. 我已经在这所学校学习了三年。
I have studied in this school since 3 years ago. 我从三年前开始就在这所学校学习了。
I have studied in this school since I was 12 years old. 自从我12岁以来就在这学校学习了。
3. 短暂性动词和延续性动词
与表示一段时间的标志词连用，短暂性动词要变为持续性动词（见下表）。表示一段时间的标志词有：for，since，how long。
语法过关小测
满分：70分；时间：60分钟
一、单项选择（每小题1分，共50分）
1．My aunt, who is a big fan of the Beatles, ________ Liverpool twice.
A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．had gone to
2．—Have you ever ________ to the Great Wall
—Yes, I have.
A．go B．been C．went D．gone
3．— Where is your mother
— She ________ the supermarket. She will be back soon.
A．has been to B．has gone to C．goes to D．will go to
4．He ________ Beijing for three years.
A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has went to
5．—Mr. Liu, have you ever ________ abroad
—Yes. I ________ Singapore last week.
A．been; have been to B．gone; have been in
C．been; have gone to D．been; went to
6．—My mother ________ Shanghai for a meeting. She’ll be there for two days.
—Really Have you started to miss her
A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has arrived in
7．—Where is your father
—He ________ to the shop. He ________ there just now.
A．go; went B．has gone; went C．went; has gone D．has gone; goes
8．—Where is Anne I have looked for her for three days.
—_______. She isn’t in Suzhou.
A．She has been to Shanghai B．She has gone to Shanghai
C．She goes to Shanghai D．She will go to Shanghai
9．He has never ________ Beijing. He will go there next week for the first time.
A．gone to B．been to C．been in D．come to
10．He ________ Thailand on his honeymoon since he ________ Lucy two days ago.
A．has gone to; married with B．has been in; married
C．has gone to; got married to D．has been to; married
11．—Where is your father now
—He ________ Hong Kong. He ________ there for three days.
A．has gone to; has been in B．has been to; has been
C．has gone to; has been D．has been to; has been in
12．—What’s the best park in the city
—Of course, East Lake Park. I ________ there last week, and I ________ there many times.
A．went; have gone B．have gone; have been
C．have been; have gone D．went; have been
13．Linda ________ here for one year, but her father has worked here ________ ten years ago.
A．has been, for B．has gone, since
C．has been, since D．has gone, for
14．—Where is Lucy —She________ to New York．
A．goes B．has been C．has gone D．have gone
15．—Where is Alex I haven’t seen him for a few weeks.
—I’m afraid he ________ holiday. He ________ Australia twice before.
A．has gone to; has been B．has been to; has been in
C．has been in; has been D．has gone on; has been to
16．My uncle ________ Beijing for a business trip. He will come back next week.
A．has been to B．has gone to C．went to D．will go to
17．My father ________ to Guilin on business twice, so he knows the city well.
A．has gone B．has been C．went D．goes
18．The Palace Museum ________ to the public since 1925 but I have never ________ there so far.
A．has opened; gone B．has been open; been C．has been open; gone D．has opened; been
19．—Is Mr. Chen at home
—No, he ________ Hangzhou for a medical meeting. He has been there ________ 3 days ago.
A．has been to; for B．has gone to; since
C．has been to; since D．has gone to; for
20．—Where is your mother, Tom I haven’t seen her for a few days.
—She ________ to Harbin to visit my grandparents. She will be back next week.
A．goes B．went C．has gone D．has been
21．Since we ________ the volunteer programme last month, we ________ more than 200 volunteers.
A．have started; had B．started; have
C．have started; have D．started; have had
22．The New Year’s Eve Ball Drop in Times Square isn’t just an event. It ________ a tradition since 1907.
A．is B．was C．has been D．had been
23．He used to be quite shy, but he ________ a lot since he joined the Acting Club.
A．was changing B．changed C．will change D．has changed
24．His brother ________ the Party since two years ago.
A．joined B．has been in C．has join D．was a member of
25．The film ________ for half an hour.
A．has been on B．has begun C．has ended D．has over
26．I ________ this book for a week. I have to return it now.
A．borrowed B．have borrowed C．kept D．have kept
27．Mike ________ the storybook since last month.
A．has bought B．has had C．had had D．has borrowed
28．Since 1942, he ________ his hometown.
A．has left B．has moved away from
C．has been away from D．moved away from
29．—How long ________ you ________
—For two weeks.
A．did; fall ill B．have; fallen ill C．were; ill D．have; been ill
30．Ben ________ a teacher for nearly three years.
A．has been B．has become C．was D．became
31．Miss Gao________ this school since 1996.
A．has come to B．came to C．has taught D．has been in
32．The factory________ since February of 1995.
A．has been open B．has opened C．was open D．opened
33．I ________ the League for five years.
A．joined B．have joined C．have been in D．join
34．He ________ in this factory since he graduated.
A．worked B．has worked C．works D．will work
35．We ________ each other since we were children.
A．have known B．knew C．know D．will know
36．I ________ this book for two weeks. I must return it to the library.
A．have borrowed B．have kept C．borrowed D．keep
37．—When did Uncle John ________ Aunt Alice
—At the end of the year 2014. They ________ for over ten years.
A．marry with; have married B．marry with; got married
C．marry; have been married D．marry; married
38．—Let’s go home to watch the football match.
—Oh, it’s too late. The match ________ for half an hour. And the result was 1-0.
A．has finished B．has begun C．has been on D．has been over
39．The bus ________ on the road for an hour.
A．has stopped B．stopped C．is stopping D．has been
40．Tom ________ the car for two months.
A．has had B．bought C．has bought D．had got
41．How long ________ Mr Smith ________
A．did; die B．was; dead C．was; dying D．has; been dead
42．I ________ home for a week up to now.
A．have returned B．have been back C．returned D．returning
43．The meeting ________ for a week now.
A．has finished B．has ended C．has been over D．has been in
44．When Henry arrives at the bus stop, the bus ________ for two hours.
A．has left B．had left C．has been away D．was away
45．My brother ________ the army for three years.
A．has joined B．has been in C．joined D．was in
46．The film ________ for twenty minutes.
A．has begun B．began C．has been on D．had begun
47．The man ________ in 1986. He ________ for 30 years.
A．died; was dead B．died; has been dead
C．was dead; has died D．was dead; has been dead
48．—How long have you ________ your pet dog
—For three years. It’s like a family member to me.
A．bought B．had C．lost D．borrowed
49．How long ________ Mr. White ________ a member of Greener China since he ________ to China
A．have; joined; comes B．have; been; has come
C．has; joined; has come D．has; been; came
50．—How long ________ you ________ the habit of saving electricity
—For three years. I always turn off lights when leaving rooms.
A．have; had B．did; have C．do; have D．will; have
二、完成句子（每小题2分，共20分）
51．I got to know him last year. (短暂性动词转换为延续性动词)
I him since .
52．I got to sleep two hours ago. (短暂性动词转换为延续性动词)
I since .
53．The meeting started an hour ago. It is still on. (合并为一句)
The meeting for an hour.
54．They married in 1990. (短暂性动词转换为延续性动词)
They since .
55．Kitty came to Nanjing two days ago. (改为同义句)
Kitty Nanjing for two days.
56．He has lived in Beijing for five years. (改为同义句)
He has lived in Beijing five years .
57．I met Tom five years ago. (用know改为同义句)
Tom and I each other .
58．My brother went to Beijing, but maybe he is on the way there now. (改为同义句)
My brother Beijing.
59．Mary came to China three years ago. (改为同义句)
Mary in China since three years ago.
60．The Green family moved to France two years ago.(改为同义句)
The Green family France two years.
答案与解析
一、单项选择（每小题1分，共50分）
1．My aunt, who is a big fan of the Beatles, ________ Liverpool twice.
A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．had gone to
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我姑姑是披头士乐队的超级粉丝，她去过利物浦两次。
考查has gone to与has been to的区别。has gone to已经去了(人未回)；has been to曾经去过 (人已回)；has been in已经在……待过 (表示持续状态)；had gone to已经去了(过去完成时)。根据“twice”可知，这是过去的经历，且人现在不在利物浦，应用“has been to”表示“曾经去过”。故选B。
2．—Have you ever ________ to the Great Wall
—Yes, I have.
A．go B．been C．went D．gone
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你曾经去过长城吗？——是的，我去过。
考查现在完成时中have been to与have gone to的辨析。问句以“Have you ever…”开头，需用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，排除A和C。have been to表示“曾经去过某地（现已返回）”；have gone to表示“已经去了某地（可能在途中或已到达，但未返回）”。根据答语“Yes, I have.”可知，说话人曾去过长城且已返回，强调经历。故选B。
3．— Where is your mother
— She ________ the supermarket. She will be back soon.
A．has been to B．has gone to C．goes to D．will go to
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你妈妈在哪里？——她去超市了。她很快就会回来。
考查现在完成时中“has been to”和“has gone to”的辨析。has been to 去过，已返回；has gone to 去了，未返回；goes to 去，一般现在时；will go to 将要去，一般将来时。根据答句“She will be back soon.（她很快就会回来）”可知，妈妈现在不在说话地点，且尚未返回，表示“去了某地（未归）”应用“has gone to”。故选B。
4．He ________ Beijing for three years.
A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has went to
【答案】C
【详解】句意：他在北京已经三年了。
考查现在完成时中have/has been to、have/has gone to和have/has been in的用法辨析。has been to去过某地，已返回；has gone to去了某地，未返回；has been in在某地待了多久；has went to语法错误，went是过去式，不能与has连用。根据句末for three years表示持续一段时间，需用has been in表示“在北京已待了三年”。故选C。
5．—Mr. Liu, have you ever ________ abroad
—Yes. I ________ Singapore last week.
A．been; have been to B．gone; have been in
C．been; have gone to D．been; went to
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——刘先生，你去过国外吗？——是的。我上周去了新加坡。
考查动词时态。have been to表示“去过某地（已经回来）”；have gone to表示“去了某地（还未回来）”；have been in表示“在某地待了多久”；went to是一般过去时，表示“去了某地（强调过去动作）”。根据语境可知，第一句是询问刘先生是否去过国外，强调过去的经历，且现在已回来，所以第一空应用“have been”；第二句中有时间状语“last week”，表示上周去了新加坡，是过去发生的动作，应该用一般过去时，所以第二空应用“went to”。故选D。
6．—My mother ________ Shanghai for a meeting. She’ll be there for two days.
—Really Have you started to miss her
A．has been to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has arrived in
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——我妈妈去上海开会了。她将在那里待两天。——真的吗？你已经开始想她了吗？
考查现在完成时。has been to去过（已返回）；has gone to去了（未返回）；has been in已在（某地停留）；has arrived in到达（强调动作完成，不强调停留）。根据“She’ll be there for two days.”可知，妈妈目前仍在上海未返回，且说话时不在本地，应使用“has gone to”表示“已去某地（未归）”。故选B。
7．—Where is your father
—He ________ to the shop. He ________ there just now.
A．go; went B．has gone; went C．went; has gone D．has gone; goes
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你父亲在哪里？——他去商店了。他刚才去那里了。
考查动词时态。第一空表示“去商店”这一动作对现在造成的影响是“父亲现在不在这里”，应用现在完成时has gone；第二空有明确的时间状语“just now”，表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时went。故选B。
8．—Where is Anne I have looked for her for three days.
—_______. She isn’t in Suzhou.
A．She has been to Shanghai B．She has gone to Shanghai
C．She goes to Shanghai D．She will go to Shanghai
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——安妮在哪里？我已经找了她三天了。——她去上海了。她不在苏州。
考查现在完成时的用法。have gone to去了某地（人未返回）；have been to去过某地（人已返回）；根据“I have looked for her for three days”和“She isn’t in Suzhou”可知，此处应用现在完成时，安妮目前不在苏州，处于去了上海未归的状态，用She has gone to Shanghai符合逻辑。故选B。
9．He has never ________ Beijing. He will go there next week for the first time.
A．gone to B．been to C．been in D．come to
【答案】B
【详解】句意：他从未去过北京。他下周将第一次去那里。
考查动词短语辨析。gone to去了（未归）；been to去过（已回）；been in在（某地）待过；come to来到。根据后句“ He will go there next week for the first time.”可知，他以前没有去过北京，强调经历或体验。应用“been to”。故选B。
10．He ________ Thailand on his honeymoon since he ________ Lucy two days ago.
A．has gone to; married with B．has been in; married
C．has gone to; got married to D．has been to; married
【答案】B
【详解】句意：自从他两天前和露西结婚，他就一直在泰国度蜜月。
考查现在完成时与marry的用法。has gone to去了某地（未返回）；has been in已在某地（持续状态）；has been to去过某地（已返回）；married with搭配错误；married与……结婚；got married to与……结婚。根据“since he...Lucy two days ago”可知，结婚是过去动作（用married或got married to），且“在泰国度蜜月”需用持续状态（has been in）。故选B。
11．—Where is your father now
—He ________ Hong Kong. He ________ there for three days.
A．has gone to; has been in B．has been to; has been
C．has gone to; has been D．has been to; has been in
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——你爸爸现在在哪里？——他去香港了。他在那里已经待了三天。
考查现在完成时中“have gone to”与“have been to”的用法辨析。has gone to去了，未回来；has been in已经在某地待了；has been to去过，已回来；has been单独使用不能直接接地点。根据“Where is your father now ”可知，父亲现在不在说话地，应表示“去了某地未回来”，用has gone to；“for three days”表示一段时间，需用延续性动词，there作副词前面不能加in。故选C。
12．—What’s the best park in the city
—Of course, East Lake Park. I ________ there last week, and I ________ there many times.
A．went; have gone B．have gone; have been
C．have been; have gone D．went; have been
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——城里最好的公园是哪个？ ——当然是东湖公园。我上周去了那里，而且我已经去过很多次了。
考查动词时态辨析。根据时间状语“last week”可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，故填went；根据“many times”可知，此处强调的是过去的经历对现在造成的影响（即我知道那是最好的公园），应用现在完成时。have gone表示“去了还没回来”，have been表示“去过且已回来”，根据语境，说话人现在在这里回答问题，说明已经回来了，故应用have been。故选D。
13．Linda ________ here for one year, but her father has worked here ________ ten years ago.
A．has been, for B．has gone, since
C．has been, since D．has gone, for
【答案】C
【详解】句意：琳达在这里已经一年了，但她的父亲从十年前就在这里工作了。
考查现在完成时及介词辨析。has been已经；has gone去了；since自从；for持续，后跟一段时间。根据“for one year”可知，空一处表示已经在这里一年了，用has been；根据“ten years ago”可知，空二处是since+时间点，表示“自从十年前”。故选C。
14．—Where is Lucy —She________ to New York．
A．goes B．has been C．has gone D．have gone
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——露西在哪里？——她去纽约了。
考查现在完成时。goes去（一般现在时）；has been去过（表示曾经去过，人已回来）；has gone去了（表示已经去了某地，人不在说话地）；have gone（主语是复数或第一、二人称）。根据问句询问露西现在的位置，可知她已出发去纽约且尚未返回，主语为She，助动词用has，故选C。
15．—Where is Alex I haven’t seen him for a few weeks.
—I’m afraid he ________ holiday. He ________ Australia twice before.
A．has gone to; has been B．has been to; has been in
C．has been in; has been D．has gone on; has been to
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——Alex在哪里？我已经几个星期没见他了。 ——恐怕他去度假了。他以前去过澳大利亚两次。
考查现在完成时。has gone to去了某地（人未回）；has been to去过某地（人已回）；has been in在某地待了（常接一段时间）；has gone on去进行（常接holiday/trip等）。根据“Where is Alex I haven’t seen him…”可知，Alex现在不在这里，且空后是holiday，应用has gone on holiday表示“去度假了（没回来）”；根据时间状语“twice before”可知，此处谈论的是过去的经历，即“曾经去过”，应用has been to。故选D。
16．My uncle ________ Beijing for a business trip. He will come back next week.
A．has been to B．has gone to C．went to D．will go to
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我叔叔去北京出差了，他下周会回来。
考查现在完成时中“has been to”与“has gone to”的辨析。has been to去过(已回来)；has gone to去了(未回来)；went to去了，一般过去时；will go to将要去，一般将来时。根据后句“He will come back next week.”可知，叔叔目前人在北京，尚未返回，强调“去了未回”的状态，应用has gone to。故选B。
17．My father ________ to Guilin on business twice, so he knows the city well.
A．has gone B．has been C．went D．goes
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我父亲因公去过桂林两次，所以他对这座城市很了解。
考查动词时态和辨析。has gone to已经去了，尚未回来；has been to已经去过，已返回；went过去式，表示过去发生；goes一般现在时，表示习惯或经常性动作。根据“My father...to Guilin on business twice, so he knows the city well.”可知父亲已经去过并已返回，强调过去的经历对现在的影响，应用“has been to”。故选B。
18．The Palace Museum ________ to the public since 1925 but I have never ________ there so far.
A．has opened; gone B．has been open; been C．has been open; gone D．has opened; been
【答案】B
【详解】句意：故宫自1925年以来一直对公众开放，但到目前为止我从未去过那里。
考查现在完成时。has opened已经开了，open为短暂性动词，不能与since连用；has been open已经开了，be open是延续性动词，表示“开放的状态”；have been to去过某地（已返回），have gone to去了某地（未返回）。根据“The Palace Museum...to the public since 1925”可知需用现在完成时，强调博物馆“一直开放”的状态，需用“has been open”；根据“but I have never...there so far.”可知第二个空表示“去过某地”，用“have been to”。故选B。
19．—Is Mr. Chen at home
—No, he ________ Hangzhou for a medical meeting. He has been there ________ 3 days ago.
A．has been to; for B．has gone to; since
C．has been to; since D．has gone to; for
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——陈先生在家吗？——不，他已经去杭州参加一个医疗会议了。他从三天前起就在那里了。
考查现在完成时态has gone to/has been to的区别以及时间状语for/since的用法。has been to去了已回，for后接时间段；has gone to去了某地未回，since自从，后接时间点。根据“No, he...Hangzhou for a medical meeting.”可知，他不在家，说明他未回来，排除AC选项；根据“3 days ago”可知，此处为时间点。故选B。
20．—Where is your mother, Tom I haven’t seen her for a few days.
—She ________ to Harbin to visit my grandparents. She will be back next week.
A．goes B．went C．has gone D．has been
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——汤姆，你妈妈在哪里？我好几天没见到她了。——她（已经去了）哈尔滨看望我的祖父母。她下周会回来。
考查has gone to和has been to的区别。goes去（一般现在时）；went去（一般过去时）；has gone表示去某地了；has been表示曾经去过某地但已返回。根据“I haven’t seen her for a few days”和“She will be back next week”可知，她去了哈尔滨且未返回，强调现在状态，故选C。
21．Since we ________ the volunteer programme last month, we ________ more than 200 volunteers.
A．have started; had B．started; have
C．have started; have D．started; have had
【答案】D
【详解】句意：自从我们上个月启动这个志愿者项目以来，我们已经招募了超过200名志愿者。
考查动词时态。第一空，根据时间状语“last month”是可知“启动”这个动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时“started”。第二空，主句描述“自从启动以来”至今的累计成果，应用现在完成时“have had”表示从过去持续到现在的状态。故选D。
22．The New Year’s Eve Ball Drop in Times Square isn’t just an event. It ________ a tradition since 1907.
A．is B．was C．has been D．had been
【答案】C
【详解】句意：时代广场的新年前夜降球仪式不仅仅是一个活动。它自1907年以来一直是一项传统。
考查现在完成时。is是，一般现在时；was是，一般过去时；has been已经是，现在完成时；had been已经是，过去完成时。根据时间状语“since 1907”，可知动作从过去持续到现在并对现在有影响，应用现在完成时。故选C。
23．He used to be quite shy, but he ________ a lot since he joined the Acting Club.
A．was changing B．changed C．will change D．has changed
【答案】D
【详解】句意：他过去很害羞，但自从加入表演俱乐部以来，他改变了很多。
考查现在完成时。was changing过去进行时；changed一般过去时；will change一般将来时；has changed现在完成时。根据“since he joined the Acting Club”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，强调对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。故选D。
24．His brother ________ the Party since two years ago.
A．joined B．has been in C．has join D．was a member of
【答案】B
【详解】句意：他哥哥自从两年前就加入了党。
考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。joined加入，短暂性动词；has been in已在……中，延续性状态；has join语法错误，join应为过去分词joined；was a member of曾是……的成员，过去时。根据时间状语“since two years ago”可知，句子需用现在完成时，且动词或短语必须能表示延续状态。join是短暂性动词，不能与since引导的时间段连用，需转换为延续性表达，如be in或be a member of。选项B“has been in”符合时态和延续性要求。故选B。
25．The film ________ for half an hour.
A．has been on B．has begun C．has ended D．has over
【答案】A
【详解】句意：这部电影已经播放了半个小时了。
考查动词时态和延续性动词的用法。has been on已经上映/已经开始；has begun已经开始了；has ended已经结束了；has over语法错误，over不能单独作谓语。根据时间状语“for half an hour”可知，句子应用现在完成时，且动词需为延续性动词或表示延续状态。begin和end均为非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用；over是介词或副词，不能单独作谓语。只有has been on表示“已播放”的状态可以延续。故选A。
26．I ________ this book for a week. I have to return it now.
A．borrowed B．have borrowed C．kept D．have kept
【答案】D
【详解】句意：这本书我已经借了一周了，现在必须归还。
考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。borrowed借，非延续性动词；keep保存或借，延续性动词。句中“for a week”表示持续一段时间，需用延续性动词的现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在。borrow是非延续性动词，不能与一段时间连用，而keep可表示“借（并持有）”，是延续性动词。故选D。
27．Mike ________ the storybook since last month.
A．has bought B．has had C．had had D．has borrowed
【答案】B
【详解】句意：迈克从上个月起就拥有这本故事书了。
考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。buy买，非延续性动词；have拥有，延续性动词；borrow借，非延续性动词。“since last month”表示“从上个月起”，强调从过去持续到现在的状态，需用现在完成时，且动词必须具有延续性此处用has had。故选B。
28．Since 1942, he ________ his hometown.
A．has left B．has moved away from
C．has been away from D．moved away from
【答案】C
【详解】句意：自1942年以来，他就离开家乡了。
考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。has left已经离开，现在完成时；has moved away from已经搬离，现在完成时；has been away from已经离开/不在，现在完成时；moved away from搬离，一般过去时。句中since 1942表示“自1942年以来”，强调从过去持续到现在的状态，需用现在完成时，且动词需具有延续性。be away from为延续性表达，has been away from为现在完成时，故选C。
29．—How long ________ you ________
—For two weeks.
A．did; fall ill B．have; fallen ill C．were; ill D．have; been ill
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——你生病多久了？——两周了。
考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。根据“For two weeks.”可知，问句询问“生病”这一状态的持续时间，需用现在完成时，且谓语动词需为延续性动词，be ill为延续性状态，可与how long和for时间段搭配。故选D。
30．Ben ________ a teacher for nearly three years.
A．has been B．has become C．was D．became
【答案】A
【详解】句意：Ben成为一名老师已经快三年了。
考查现在完成时。has been已经是，表示状态持续；has become已经成为，表示完成，不延续；was是，be的过去式；became成为，过去式。根据“for nearly three years.”可知，句子强调从过去持续到现在的状态，需用现在完成时且动词需为延续性动词。become为非延续性动词，不能与for+时间段连用，而be是延续性动词，符合题意。故选A。
31．Miss Gao________ this school since 1996.
A．has come to B．came to C．has taught D．has been in
【答案】D
【详解】句意：高老师自1996年以来就一直在这所学校。
考查动词的时态与延续性动词的用法。has come to来到（短暂性动作）；came to来到（一般过去时）；has taught教过（但缺少宾语，且“teach”在此处不直接表示持续状态）； has been in在/待在某地（延续性状态）。句中有“since 1996”，表示从过去持续到现在的状态，需用现在完成时，且动词需具有延续性。“come”为短暂性动词，不能与“since”连用表示持续；“has been in”表示“一直在某地”，符合语境。故选D。
32．The factory________ since February of 1995.
A．has been open B．has opened C．was open D．opened
【答案】A
【详解】句意：这家工厂自1995年2月以来一直营业。
考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。has been open已经营业，表示状态延续；has opened已经开业，非延续性动作；was open过去营业，表示过去状态；opened开业，过去动作。since后接时间点，主句需用现在完成时，且动词或表状态的结构需用延续性动词。open作动词时为非延续性动词，不能与since连用表示持续；但作形容词时表状态，可与be动词构成延续性结构。故选A。
33．I ________ the League for five years.
A．joined B．have joined C．have been in D．join
【答案】C
【详解】句意：我加入共青团已经五年了。
考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。joined加入，过去式；have joined已经加入，现在完成时；have been in已经在······中，现在完成时；join加入，原形。根据“for five years”可知，此处表示持续一段时间，需用延续性动词或状态。join是短暂性动词，不能与for+时间段连用，需改为be in等延续性表达。故选C。
34．He ________ in this factory since he graduated.
A．worked B．has worked C．works D．will work
【答案】B
【详解】句意：自从他毕业以来，他一直在这家工厂工作。
考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“since he graduated”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时。故选B。
35．We ________ each other since we were children.
A．have known B．knew C．know D．will know
【答案】A
【详解】句意：我们从小就认识彼此。
考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“since we were children”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时，结构为have done。故选A。
36．I ________ this book for two weeks. I must return it to the library.
A．have borrowed B．have kept C．borrowed D．keep
【答案】B
【详解】句意：这本书我已经借了两周了，我必须把它还给图书馆。
考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。have borrowed已经借入，非延续性动词；have kept已经保留或持有，延续性动词；borrowed借入，过去式；keep持有，原形。根据时间状语“for two weeks”可知，动作需持续两周，需用现在完成时且动词需为延续性动词。故选B。
37．—When did Uncle John ________ Aunt Alice
—At the end of the year 2014. They ________ for over ten years.
A．marry with; have married B．marry with; got married
C．marry; have been married D．marry; married
【答案】C
【详解】句意：——约翰叔叔是什么时候和爱丽丝阿姨结婚的？——在2014年年底。他们已经结婚十多年了。
考查动词和时态辨析。marry是及物动词，意为“和……结婚”，其后直接接宾语，不需要加介词with，所以第一个空用marry；“for +一段时间”常与现在完成时连用，表示动作持续到现在，现在完成时的结构是“have/has + 过去分词”，marry是短暂性动词，不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，要转化为延续性动词be married，其过去分词是been married，所以第二个空用have been married。故选C。
38．—Let’s go home to watch the football match.
—Oh, it’s too late. The match ________ for half an hour. And the result was 1-0.
A．has finished B．has begun C．has been on D．has been over
【答案】D
【详解】句意：——我们回家看足球赛吧。——哦，太晚了。比赛已经结束半小时了。结果是一比零。
考查现在完成时与延续性动词。has finished已经完成，非延续性动词；has begun已经开始，非延续性动词；has been on已经进行，延续性动词；has been over已经结束，延续性动词。根据后半句“half an hour”这一时间段，可知谓语动词需用延续性动词或表示状态的短语。比赛“结束”这一状态是持续的，应用“has been over”。而“finish”是非延续性动词，不能与“for half an hour”连用。故选D。
39．The bus ________ on the road for an hour.
A．has stopped B．stopped C．is stopping D．has been
【答案】D
【详解】句意：这辆公交车在路上已经行驶一个小时了。
考查现在完成时。根据“for an hour”可知，此句应该用现在完成时，且动词需要用延续性动词；stop为短暂性动词，其延续性动词为be on。故选D。
40．Tom ________ the car for two months.
A．has had B．bought C．has bought D．had got
【答案】A
【详解】句意：汤姆拥有这辆车已经两个月了。
考查现在完成时。has had已经拥有；bought买；has bought已经购买；had got过去拥有。根据“for two months”可知，句子用现在完成时，且谓语动词需用延续性动词，buy和get都是短暂性动词，不与for+时间段连用，have是延续性动词，符合题意。故选A。
41．How long ________ Mr Smith ________
A．did; die B．was; dead C．was; dying D．has; been dead
【答案】D
【详解】句意：史密斯先生去世多久了？
考查动词时态和延续性动词的用法。根据“How long”可知，本句是对持续的时间长度进行提问，其后必须接延续性动词或表示延续状态的结构，不能接短暂性动词。die是短暂性动词，不能表持续，排除A选项；be dead表状态，但was是过去时，不体现状态的持续时长，排除B选项；dying表示“濒临死亡”，是短暂过程，不表持续状态，排除C选项；be dead是表示延续状态的结构，has been dead为现在完成时，可体现“去世”的状态从过去持续到现在的时长，符合题意。故选D。
42．I ________ home for a week up to now.
A．have returned B．have been back C．returned D．returning
【答案】B
【详解】句意：到目前为止，我回家已经一个星期了。
考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。have returned已经返回（短暂性动词）；have been back已经回来（延续性状态）；returned返回（过去时）；returning正在返回（现在分词）。根据“for a week up to now”可知，句子需用现在完成时，且一个星期表示持续的时间段，谓语动词需用延续性动词表状态。return是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，而be back表示回来的状态，可以延续。故选B。
43．The meeting ________ for a week now.
A．has finished B．has ended C．has been over D．has been in
【答案】C
【详解】句意：会议到现在已经结束一周了。
考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。has finished已经结束，非延续性动词；has ended已经结束，非延续性动词；has been over已经结束，延续性表达；has been in一直在……中，延续性动词。根据时间状语“for a week now”可知，动作需持续一周，因此需用延续性动词或表延续状态的短语。finish和end均为非延续性动词，不能与for+时间段连用；has been in后常接地点或状态，不符合句意；has been over表示“结束”的状态可延续，符合题意。故选C。
44．When Henry arrives at the bus stop, the bus ________ for two hours.
A．has left B．had left C．has been away D．was away
【答案】C
【详解】句意：当亨利到达公交车站时，公交车已经离开两个小时了。
考查现在完成时与延续性动词的用法。has left已经离开，非延续性动词；had left过去已经离开，过去完成时；has been away已经离开，延续性状态；was away离开，过去时。根据时间状语“for two hours”可知，此处需用延续性动词或状态表示持续了多久，且“arrives”为一般现在时，主句动作发生在到达之前并持续到现在，应用现在完成时。故选C。
45．My brother ________ the army for three years.
A．has joined B．has been in C．joined D．was in
【答案】B
【详解】句意：我哥哥参军已经三年了。
考查动词时态和延续性动词用法。has joined已经加入，非延续性动词；has been in已经在……中，延续性动词；joined加入，过去式；was in曾在……中，过去式。根据句末“for three years”表示一段时间，需与延续性动词的完成时态连用，表示动作或状态持续了三年。故选B。
46．The film ________ for twenty minutes.
A．has begun B．began C．has been on D．had begun
【答案】C
【详解】句意：这部电影已经上映了20分钟。
考查动词时态与延续性动词的用法。has begun已经开始，非延续性动词；began开始，过去时；has been on已经上映，延续性状态；had begun已经开始，过去完成时。句末“for twenty minutes”表示一段时间，需与延续性动词或状态连用，而“begin”是非延续性动词，不能与时间段连用，因此需用可延续的表达“be on”。结合句意，强调从过去持续到现在的状态，用现在完成时。故选C。
47．The man ________ in 1986. He ________ for 30 years.
A．died; was dead B．died; has been dead
C．was dead; has died D．was dead; has been dead
【答案】B
【详解】句意：那个人在1986年去世。他已经去世30年了。
考查动词时态辨析。died死亡(一般过去时)；was dead是死亡的(一般过去时)；has been dead已经死亡的(现在完成时)；has died已经死亡(不能与for+ 一段时间连用)。第一空表示“在1986年去世”，是过去的具体时间，用一般过去时；第二空表示“已经去世30年”，强调从过去持续到现在的状态，用现在完成时，需将其转换为可延续的状态“be dead”，“be dead”的现在完成时形式为has/have been dead，主语为单数。故选B。
48．—How long have you ________ your pet dog
—For three years. It’s like a family member to me.
A．bought B．had C．lost D．borrowed
【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你养你的宠物狗多久了？——三年了。它对我来说就像家人一样。
考查动词辨析。bought买，是瞬间动词；had有，是状态动词；lost丢失，是瞬间动词；borrowed借，是瞬间动词。根据答语“For three years”可知，问句询问的是持续一段时间的状态或动作，因此需要使用能与时间段连用的动词。have（had）作为“拥有”解时表示状态，可以与时间段连用，符合语境。故选B。
49．How long ________ Mr. White ________ a member of Greener China since he ________ to China
A．have; joined; comes B．have; been; has come
C．has; joined; has come D．has; been; came
【答案】D
【详解】句意：自从怀特先生来到中国以来，他成为绿色中国的成员多久了？
考查现在完成时及非延续性动词与持续性动词的辨析。join参加，非延续性动词；be成为，延续性动词。根据“since”可知，since引导时间状语从句，其前为主句。通常这时主句应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，且由“how long”询问时间段可知，此处谓语动词应用延续性动词；而从句应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用其过去式。故选D。
50．—How long ________ you ________ the habit of saving electricity
—For three years. I always turn off lights when leaving rooms.
A．have; had B．did; have C．do; have D．will; have
【答案】A
【详解】句意：——你养成节约电的习惯有多久了？——三年了。我离开房间时总是关灯。
考查现在完成时。have...had为现在完成时结构；did...have为一般过去时；do...have为一般现在时；will...have为一般将来时。根据“How long...you...the habit of,,,For three years”可知需用现在完成时，表示从过去开始并持续到现在的动作或状态。故选A。
二、完成句子（每小题2分，共20分）
51．I got to know him last year. (短暂性动词转换为延续性动词)
I him since .
【答案】 have known last year
【详解】句意：我去年认识了他。根据题干可知“got to know”是短暂性动词短语，since引导的时间状语表示“从过去持续到现在”不能与短暂性动词连用，所以要将“got to know”转化为延续性动词，因此可以用“have known”，表示“认识了……(一段时间)”的意思；时间状语since后接过去时间点“last year”，故填have；known；last；year。
52．I got to sleep two hours ago. (短暂性动词转换为延续性动词)
I since .
【答案】 have been asleep two hours ago
【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“已经睡着”和“两小时前”。“get to sleep”是短暂性动词短语，转换为延续性动词需用“be asleep”，结合“since”引导的时间状语从句，主句要用现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”，主语是I，助动词用have，be的过去分词是been；“since”后接时间点“two hours ago”。故填have；been；asleep；two；hours；ago。
53．The meeting started an hour ago. It is still on. (合并为一句)
The meeting for an hour.
【答案】 has been on
【详解】句意：会议一小时前开始，现在仍在进行。原句“The meeting started an hour ago. It is still on.”表示会议从一小时前开始并持续到现在，需用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态。“be on”在这里表示“进行中”，用现在完成时的结构为“have/has been on”。“the meeting”是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has。故填has；been；on。
54．They married in 1990. (短暂性动词转换为延续性动词)
They since .
【答案】 have been married 1990
【详解】句意：他们于1990年结婚。married是短暂性动词，转换为延续性动词为be married，由于“since”强调动作从过去持续到现在，句子需用现在完成时（have/has+过去分词）来表达延续性；主语是复数，助动词用have，since后填入1990，表示状态从1990年开始延续至今。故填have；been；married；1990。
55．Kitty came to Nanjing two days ago. (改为同义句)
Kitty Nanjing for two days.
【答案】 has been in
【详解】句意：Kitty两天前来到了南京。原句中“came to Nanjing two days ago”表示Kitty两天前到达南京，这是一个过去发生的动作。在改为同义句时，我们需要表达Kitty从两天前开始一直待在南京，并且这个状态持续到现在，因此可以使用现在完成时“have/has been in”来表示“待在某地一段时间”。由于主语Kitty是第三人称单数，所以助动词用has，故同义句为“Kitty has been in Nanjing for two days.”，表示Kitty已经在南京待了两天了。故填has；been；in。
56．He has lived in Beijing for five years. (改为同义句)
He has lived in Beijing five years .
【答案】 since ago
【详解】句意：他在北京已经住了五年。原句时态为现在完成时。改为同义句，可以替换为“他自五年前就住在北京”。“自从”用介词since，“……之前”用副词ago，构成since five years ago，表示“自五年前”。故填since；ago。
57．I met Tom five years ago. (用know改为同义句)
Tom and I each other .
【答案】 have known for five years
【详解】句意：我五年前认识了汤姆。考查现在完成时。原句是一般过去时，用“know”改写同义句，用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语“Tom and I”是复数，用have，know的过去分词是known，“for+时间段”表示持续的时间，即for five years。故填have；known；for；five；years。
58．My brother went to Beijing, but maybe he is on the way there now. (改为同义句)
My brother Beijing.
【答案】 has gone to
【详解】句意：我的哥哥去了北京，但是也许他现在还在路上。根据句意可知说话者的哥哥去北京还没有回来，have gone to+地点，表示“去了某地还没回来”符合语境，而主语my brother为第三人称单数，故填has；gone；to。
59．Mary came to China three years ago. (改为同义句)
Mary in China since three years ago.
【答案】 has been
【详解】句意：玛丽三年前来到中国。要求改为同义句，根据“since three years ago”可知要用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done，主语“Mary”后用助动词has；与时间段连用要用come to对应的延续性动词be in。故填has been。
60．The Green family moved to France two years ago.(改为同义句)
The Green family France two years.
【答案】 have been in for
【详解】句意：格林一家两年前搬到了法国。本句的要求改为同义句，根据句意可以理解为：格林一家在法国已经两年了。结合同义句的所给条件，应该填写“在某地长达多久”，即为：has/have been in sp. for some time，the Green family为“格林一家人”，是复数，应该使用have。故答案为：have；been；in；for。
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