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译林版(2024) 八年级基础知识点复习讲义
Unit 2 School life
Give suggestions on how to improve school life. 就如何改善学校生活提出建议
Suggestion（可数） advice（不可数）
make a suggestion (for/about/on sth.) 提出(......的)建议
take/follow one’s suggestion 听从某人的意见
suggest (doing) sth. 推荐(做)某事
suggest that sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事
advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
improvement （n.）改进；改善
2. Better understand the importance of education. 更好地了解教育的重要性
understood（过去式）
importance (n.) 重要性 the importance of … ......的重要性
importance (n.)重要性
the importance of… …的重要性
important (adj)重要的
be important to... 对…重要
=be of importance to... 对…重要
Educate （v.）教育
Welcome to the unit
1.Children live far away from school. 孩子们住得离学校远。
Child（单数）
far (away) from ... 离......远
距离+away from 表示两地之间的距离，away不可以省略
2.Heavy floods happen often. 大洪水经常发生。
heavy adj. 重的 adj. 大量的，严重的 adj. 数量大，程度大
sth happen 发生(偶然发生的事件)
What happened 发生什么？
happen to do sth碰巧做某事
happen to sb发生在某人身上
sth take place 发生；举行(计划)
sb hold sth举办活动
3.Many children from poor families work at train stations or on trains. 许多来自贫困家庭的孩子在火车站或火车上工作。
the poor （the+adj表示一类人）
on+大型交通工具 如train、plane、bus等
in+小型交通工具 如car、taxi等，
介词on/in和后面的交通工具之间必须要有冠词a/the，或者交通工具变为复数。
4.Do you know any unusual schools around the world 你知道世界上有什么不寻常的学校吗？
all over the world/across the world/ the whole world
5.During the rainy season, there’s much more rain in Bangladesh than in many other parts of the world. 在雨季，孟加拉国的降雨量比世界许多其他地区多得多。
during ... 在....期间
there be sth. (to do) 有......(可......) there be sb./sth. doing sth. 有某人/某物在做某事
There’s nothing to eat in the fridge. Let’s go and buy some. 冰箱里没有什么东西可吃了，我们去买点把。
There are many students playing basketball on the playground. 操场上有很多学生正在打篮球。
6.With the boat school, children have a chance to learn even when there are floods. 有了船上学校，即使有洪水时，孩子们也能得以学习。
have a chance to do sth有做某事的一个机会
get to do sth得以/有幸做成某事
get sb (not) to do sth让某人(不)做某事
get sb doing sth 让某人处于正在做某事的状态中
7. What a good way to get the children learning! 这是让孩子们学习的好方法！
感叹句句型：What a/an 形容词+可数名词单数 (+主语+谓语动词)！
What 形容词+可数名词复数 (+主语+谓语动词)！
How 形容词/副词 (+主语+谓语动词)！
What a thoughtful person he is! = How thoughtful he is! 他好体贴啊！
让某人做某事: make sb. do sth. have sb. do sth. let sb. do sth.
8.This is very cheap and good for the environment. 这非常便宜，对环境也有好处。
cheaply adv.便宜地
反义词：expensive adj.昂贵的
be good for 对......有好处(强调长远的影响)
be good/kind/nice/friendly to sb. 对某人友好(态度好)
be good at ... = do well in ... 擅长......
She is good at learning languages. 她擅长学习语言。
environmental adj.环境的——environmentally adv.环保地
protect the environment 保护环境
Reading
1.Our school is small, so we have fewer students and smaller classes than most schools. 我们的学校很小，所以我们的学生和班级都比大多数学校少。
few 很少；几乎没有（否定，修饰可数名词复数）
a few 一些；几个（肯定，修饰可数名词复数）
little 很少；几乎没有（否定，修饰不可数名词）
a little 一些；少量（肯定，修饰不可数名词）= a bit of
注意：a few 可用于肯定句、疑问句或条件句，表达 “少量存在”：
例：Would you like a few more cookies 你想再要几块饼干吗？
few 常用于否定句或含否定含义的语境，强调 “数量少”：
例：Few people know the secret.很少有人知道这个秘密。
(little & a little同理)
2. There are many interesting subjects to choose from, such as drama and foreign languages. 有许多有趣的科目可供选择例如戏剧和外语。
dramatic adj.戏剧性的——dramatically adv.戏剧性地
play n.戏剧
drama club 戏剧社团
for example 放首或句中，后用逗号隔开；such as只放句中，后不用逗号隔开；两者后面都不能和so on连用
choose…from… 从…中选择…
choose to do sth选择做某事 (过)choose→chose
choose sth./sb. to do选择……做…
choose sb as/to be… 选择某人为…
make a choice 做出选择
have no choice but to do sth. 除了做某事以外别无选择
foreign (adj.)外国的 → foreigner (n.)外国人
3. To us, learning Chinese may not be as simple as learning French or German, but I am looking forward to having a go.对于我们而言，学习汉语可能并不像学习法语或德语那么简单，但是我期待试一试。
as…as… / z … z/和… 一样…
用法：as + 形容词/副词原级 + as
例句：He runs as fast as his brother.他跑得和哥哥一样快。
反义词组：not as…as… 不如…
simple (adj.) 简单的=easy; 简朴的 → simply 仅仅, 只=only; 简单地; 简朴地
He isn't angry. He's simply worried about you. 他没生气，他只是担心你。
French un. 法语 adj. 法国的; 法国人的；法语的 n. the French 法国人(表总称，为复数概念)
Frenchman n. 法国人(复数为Frenchman)
France n. 法国
German un. 德语 adj. 德国的；德国人的；德语的 n. 德国人(复数为Germans)
German n. 德国
look forward to (doing) sth. 盼望(做)某事
(adv.) move forward 前进
(adj.) the forward part of the bus公交车的前部
have a go (at doing sth.) 尝试, 试图(做某事)
have a try at sth.尝试某事
have a try at doing sth.尝试做某事
4. Being creative is great and it helps us study better in other subjects. 有创造力很棒，它可以帮助我们更好地学习其他科目。
creative (adj.) 有创造力的、创造性的 → create (v.) 创作、创造、产生 → creator (n.) 创作者
5. Japan is one of the countries with the most earthquakes in the world, so our school offers different safety programmes to teach us how to survive in the face of danger. 日本是世界上地震最多的国家之一，所以我们学校提供不同的安全课程，来教我们面对危险时如何生存下来。
offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事
offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb.为某人提供某物
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 给某人某物
provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth. 为某人提供某物
safety (un.) 安全 → safe (adj.) 安全的
survive (v.) 幸存，存活 survive sth. 从......中活下来 → survivor (n.) 幸存者
in the face of ... 面对...... face to face 面对面
6.We get plenty of hands-on experience from these programmes. 我们从这些课程中获得了丰富的实践经验。
hands-on experience 实践经验
TV programme 电视节目
“大量的”的相关词组
后接可数名词复数： a large/great number of
a number of
后接不可数名词： a large amount of
a great deal of
既可接可数名词也可接不可数名词：a lot of/lots of
plenty of
experience (n.) 经验(不可数); 经历(可数) → experienced (adj.) 有经验的
7. Our school also pays a lot of attention to food education. 我们学校也很关注饮食教育。
pay attention to (doing) sth. 注意(做)某事
focus on 关注
8.In this way, we are more aware of the importance of a healthy diet. 这样，我们就更了解健康饮食的重要性。
in this/that way用这种/那种方式
on one’s way to sp. 在去某地的路上
in one’s way 挡某人的路
in some ways 在某种程度上
by the way 顺便说/问以下
no way 不可能，绝不
the way to do sth. = the way of doing sth. 做某事的方法
be aware of ... 知道, 意识到...... = know/realize
be aware that + 宾语从句
9.Cleaning is another important tradition in Japanese schools. 清洁是日本学校的另一个重要传统。
another 三者及以上或不定数量中的另一个 the other 两者中的另一个
others不确定范围内剩下的一部分，不是全部 = other + 复数名词
the others确定范围内其余的所有 = the other + 复数名词
10.Every day at school, we clean classrooms, toilets and other school areas carefully by ourselves. 在学校，我们每天都会自己仔细打扫教室、厕所和学校其他区域。
by oneself = on one’s own = alone 独自;靠自己
for oneself 亲自; 为自己
11. This helps us develop good habits from an early age. 这有助于我们从小养成良好的习惯。
develop (v.)形成；开发；(使)发展
develop/form the habit of…养成…的习惯
development (n.)
with the development of 随着…的发展
developed(adj.)发达的a developed country
developing(adj.)发展中的a developing country
It is a chance for us to be creative with our learning. 这为我们提供了一个创造性学习的机会。
be creative with sth. 使用或处理某物/某事时富有创意，发挥创造力
This car gets its energy from the sun, so it is quite clean. 这辆车从太阳中获取能量，所以它非常干净。
quite 相当, 非常 quite a/an + adj. +可数名词单数 = a very + adj. +可数名词单数
quiet (adj.) 安静的
He offered to help when we had a problem, and now the car works. 当我们遇到问题时，他主动提供帮助，现在汽车可以工作了。
做某事有困难have problems doing sth.
=have difficulty doing sth. = have trouble doing sth.
work (v.) 运转, 运行; 奏效, 成功 (un.) 工作 （cn.）作品 a piece of art work 一件艺术作品
Grammar
1、数量的比较：
多many→more→most(修饰可数)
多many→more→most(修饰不可数)
少few→fewer→fewest(修饰可数)
少little→less→least(修饰不可数)
2、和…一样as…as；表示同级的比较；
基本结构为: …as+ adj./ adv.原级 +as…
否定式为: …not as/so +… +as…
not as...as = less...than和…不一样，不及
A is not so/as interesting as B. A不如B有趣。
= A is less interesting than B. A不如B有趣。
= B is more interesting than A. B比A有趣。
常见句型
as…as possible尽可能地…
as…as sb can/could
as often as before和以前一样经常
as well as和…一样；也，还
as good as几乎和…一样；简直
as soon as 一…就…
as long as只要
3、倍数的表达:
…times +as 形容词/副词原级+as…
…times +形容词/副词比较级+than…
…times +the+度量名词+as…
4、have…off休息（一段时间）
have two weeks off 休息两周
=have a rest for two weeks
=have a two-week holiday
=have two weeks’ holiday
5、Our schools are as good as each other, because the students at both schools learn a lot in their lessons, and teachers and students at her school are just as hard-working as those at mine. 我们两所学校一样优秀，因为两校的学生都能在课堂上学到很多知识，而且她学校的师生和我学校的师生一样勤奋。
both两者都 → all三者或三者以上都
若比较级或者原级前面为可数名词单数，后面对象如果属于同一性质，可用the one或者that代替；若是不可数名词，则只用that；若前面是可数名词复数，则用the ones或者those代替。
6、Our school library is bigger than the one at Laura’s school, but it still has thousands of books and lots of computers. 我们学校的图书馆比劳拉学校的那间更大，但它依然拥有成千上万本书和许多电脑。
thousands of 成千上万的(模糊的数量) hundreds of 成百上千的 millions of 数以百万计的
数字+hundred/thousand/million+名词 ......百/千/百万（准确的数量）
Word power
1. 国名 → 国家的/语言
America美国→American Australia澳大利亚→Australian Canada加拿大→Canadian
China中国→Chinese England英国→English France法国→French
Hungary匈牙利→Hungarian India印度→Indian Italy意大利→Italian
Japan日本→Japanese Russia俄罗斯→Russian Spain西班牙→Spanish
Sweden瑞典→Swedish Vietnam越南→Vietnamese
2. Millie is interested in the language spoken in Spain. 米莉对西班牙使用的语言很感兴趣。
be interested in (doing) sth.
= show/has/take an interest in (doing) sth. 对（做）某事感兴趣
3. I am learning to speak Russian. 我正在学俄语。
learn (how) to do sth. 学习(如何)做某事
teach sb. (how) to do sth. 教某人（如何）做某事
He wants to learn how to speak French. 他想学习如何说法语。
4. This summer, I’m planning a vacation to Spain, so I can practice my Spanish. 今年夏天，我计划去西班牙度假，以便练习西班牙语。
on vacation / n ve ke n/phr. 在度假
on holiday度假
practice可做名词，也可做动词，意为“练习”，但是practise只能做动词。
practice doing sth. 练习做某事
英式英语与美式英语
practise<英式>=practice<美式>
holiday<英式>=vacation<美式>假期，度假
film<英式>=movie<美式>电影
biscuit<英式>=cookie<美式>饼干
Integration
1. My school back home in the USA is quite different from Sunshine Middle School. 我在美国的家乡的学校与阳光中学完全不同。
be different from 和......不同 → be the same as 和......一样
difference n. 不同，区别
make a difference (to ...) 对......有影响; 有区别
make no difference (to ...) 对......没影响; 没区别
tell the difference 区分
2. So, they spend more time with their classmates and get to know each other better, but we get to know more students. 因此，他们花更多时间与同班同学相处并更深入地了解彼此，而我们则能结识更多学生。
spend+时间/钱+ doing sth. spend 时间/money on sth.
It take+时间+to do sth.
cost sb. money
sb. pay money for sth.
3. We often need to borrow books from the library or search online to finish our homework. 我们经常需要去图书馆借书或上网搜索来完成作业。
borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那借过来某物 → lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
search...for… 搜查......找…... search sb 搜某人的身 search for sth=look for sth寻某人/某物
search sb.搜查某人的身体 例句：The police searched the thief.警察搜小偷的身。
search for sb.寻找某人 例句：They searched for the thief all night.他们一整晚都在搜查小偷。
finish doing sth. 完成做某事
4. Toby gets 1.5 hours for lunch, so there is lots of time to eat and then relax for a while. 托比有 1.5 小时的午餐时间，所以有很多时间吃饭，然后放松一会儿。
一个半小时：one and a half hours = one hour and a half
两个半小时：two and a half hours = two hours and a half
5. We talked about the differences in lunchtime between our two schools. 我们谈了我们两校在午餐时间上的差异。
difference (n.) 差异，不同(之处)
tell about the difference between…and… 谈论…和…间的不同之处
make a difference to sth/doing sth对...产生影响
different (adj.) 不同的
be different from与......不同
6. I am writing to make some suggestions on how to improve some parts of our school life. 我写这封信是想就如何改善我们校园生活的某些方面提出一些建议。
suggest v.建议，暗示——suggestive adj.暗示的
suggestions为可数名词 → advice为不可数名词
make some suggestions on ... 提出一些关于......的建议
suggest (v.) 建议
suggest doing sth. 建议做某事
suggest sth. to sb. 向某人建议某物
suggest sb. (should) do sth. 建议某人做某事
improve (v.) 提高，改善 improve sth. 改善某物 = make sth. better
7. First, I would like to suggest that our school should provide more ping-pong tables, so more students can play ping-pong during breaks. 首先，我想要建议我们学校应该提供更多的乒乓球桌，这样更多学生能在课间打乒乓球。
provide sb. with sth. = provide sth. for sb. 为某人提供某物
8. Moreover, we need more computers in the library so that it is easier for us to search online. 此外，我们需要图书馆里更多的电脑，以便我们更容易在线搜索。
moreover (adv.) 此外; What’s more 而且
what’s more = besides
so that = in order than 以便，为了(引导目的状语从句)
so +adj./adv.+ that ... 如此......以至于......(引导结果状语从句)
Further study
1. The book series tells the story of Greg, a 12-year-old boy, and how he deal with challenges at his new school.这套丛书讲述了12岁男孩格雷的故事，以及他如何在新学校应对种种挑战。
deal with sth. 处理/应对某事 deal with sb. 与某人打交道
solve sth. 解决某事
2. He often gets into trouble, but he always manages to find a way to get out of it. 他经常惹上麻烦，但他总能想办法摆脱困境。
get into trouble (因做错事而)惹麻烦; (因意外而)陷入困境
manage sth. 管理/经营......
manage to do sth. 设法做成某事(特别指有难度的事情）
期中试题
单项选择
1. Because of all kinds of clubs, we are living ________ more colourful school life than before.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
2. — Thanks a lot for taking care of me ________ my illness, Millie.
— You’re welcome. That’s what friends are for.
A. with B. past C. through D. across
3. — Why is Mike so excited Did he win the competition
— Yes. He had _______ 30 minutes to finish the tough task, no more and no less.
A. mostly B. probably C. exactly D. hardly
4. —What will Shanghai _______ in twenty years' time
—I think it will be more beautiful.
A. likes B. like C. is like D. be like
5. I will tell her about the good news at once when she ________ tomorrow morning.
A. gets B. arrives C. reaches D. gets to
6. In northern cities most families ________ central heating (供暖) when decorating their houses because of the cold weather in winter.
A. put in B. put up C. put on D. put out
7. —What delicious food! Mum is really a great cook.
—But it’s not to my ________. I don’t like sweet food.
A. style B. treat C. smell D. taste
8. —Could you tell Nick not to spend too much time on computer games
—I’m afraid it’s ________. He won’t listen to me.
A. useful B. useless C. meaningful D. meaningless
9. The sofas in VIP Hall are much more comfortable than ________ at home.
A. that B. those C. it D. them
10. I ________ any help. I can do it by myself.
A. needn’t B. don’t need to C. need D. don’t need
11. ----The bus has stopped.Let’s_______.----OK,be careful not to fall to the ground.
A. get on it B. get it on C. get off it D. get it off
12. Simon didn’t ride the shared bike nearby. ________, he went there on foot.
A. However B. Otherwise C. Instead D. Moreover
13. —I think Unit Two is ________ Unit One.
—I can’t agree more. It’s much more difficult.
A. not so easy as B. easier than C. as difficult as D. less difficult than
14. —________ does Kate live from her school
—It’s about half an hour’s walk.
A. How far B. How long C. How often D. How soon
15. —Grace, you sing beautifully. I love your voice!
—________.
A. I practice every day B. No, I don’t think so C. Thank you D. Well, it’s not good
二、完形填空
“Do you have your costume for the Harvestfest competition ” Meg asked.
“I have one—Magnifico, ___16___ favourite hero,” said Jordan, sitting in his wheelchair. “But it’s boring.”
Meg shrugged. “You love Magnifico. What’s the matter ”
“Danny and Alex are going as Magnifico, too.” Jordan shook his head. “It’s ___17___ for me to win.”
Meg said, “Maybe you should go as ___18___ different.”
“The competition is Friday night. It’s too late to change costumes,” Jordan sighed.
Back at home Jordan was quiet, thinking about Meg’s words ___19___. When he pulled into Mom’s home office, he saw papers and books everywhere. “What are all these ” he asked.
“I’m cleaning out my old desk. The new one is arriving tomorrow.” She smiled at Jordan. “What’s on your mind ”
Jordan explained the costume situation. “I really want to be the ___20___.”
“We have lots of old clothes and costumes. Why not take a look ” Mom ___21___.
“OK.”
Jordan found giant sunglasses and a long black wig, ___22___ nothing was useful.
The next day, Meg found him. “Any new idea ”
“I ___23___ some old clothes.” He shrugged. “Nothing.”
“Jordan, you have to think outside the box,” said Meg. “See what you have ___24___ your house. There’s hidden potential* in everyday items. My candy-bar costume is made from recycled aluminum foil.”
When Jordan got home, he found Mom putting her new desk together. On top of the desk was a giant box. Suddenly, he ____25____ what Meg said—think outside the box.
“What do you think ” Mom asked, pointing to her desk. Jordan’s eyes fell on the ____26____. He grinned. “It’s perfect!”
On Friday night. Jordan was fully prepared for the competition. When Danny and Alex saw Jordan, they ____27____ believe his costume.
“The Magnifico Mobile ” Danny’s eyes lit up. “The wheels of your wheelchair are perfect for its back wheels.” He wondered ____28____ Jordan made it.
Jordan beamed. “Thanks! I got the idea from a box.”
It was time to announce, the ____29____. “The winner is... Jordan Eastman!” Everyone clapped.
“See ” Meg said. “You just needed to be ____30____!”
“Yeah, think outside the box!” Jordan smiled.
16. A. my B. his C. her D. your
17. A. possible B. difficult C. important D. dangerous
18. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
19. A. secretly B. angrily C. proudly D. carefully
20. A. judge B. winner C. officer D. player
21. A. ordered B. guessed C. suggested D. promised
22. A. or B. so C. if D. but
23. A. took off B. paid for C. threw away D. looked through
24. A. for B. around C. outside D. beside
25. A. recorded B. doubted C. discovered D. remembered
26. A. box B. desk C. clothes D. sunglasses
27. A. mustn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. shouldn’t
28. A. why B. how C. when D. where
29. A. goal B. rule C. result D. subject
30. A. polite B. helpful C. creative D. humorous
三、阅读理解
A
What can trees tell us about climate (气候) change
Quite a lot!
Trees can keep a record (记录) of Earth’s climate for a very long time. In fact, trees can live for hundreds-and sometimes even thousands-of years!
If you see a stump (树桩), you may find that the top of the stump has many rings. These rings can tell us how old the tree is, and what the weather was like during each year of the tree’s life.
In most places, daily weather records have only been kept for the past 100 to 150 years. So, scientists can use trees to learn about the climate hundreds to thousands of years ago.
31. How old is the tree in the picture
A. About 14 years old. B. About 17 years old. C. About 19 years old. D. About 22 years old.
32. Which tree lives in a warmer and wetter place
A B. C. D.
33. In which part of a newspaper can we read this passage
A. Travel. B. Science. C. Art. D. Culture.
B
One night, four students stayed up late partying, even though they knew they would have a test the next day. The next morning, they came up with an idea to get out of having to take their test.
Each student put some dirt (土) on their faces and hands and then they went to the teacher’s office. They told the teacher that they had helped an old woman with her car on the way to school, and they spent the whole morning pushing her car back.
The teacher listened, and to the students’ surprise, he said that they could do the test in three days’ time.
On the day of the test, the students went to their teacher’s office. The teacher put four students in four different rooms to take the test. The students didn’t mind. They were just so happy because they had three extra days to study and prepare for the test.
In fact, to get a better grade, they did go over the lessons carefully. However, as they read the paper, the students found there were only two questions on the paper:
1) Your Name: ________ 2) Which tire was flat (瘪了的) ________ A. Front Right B. Front Left C. Back Right D. Back Left
Now it’s not hard to imagine how ashamed (羞愧的) they all felt.
34. What really happened to the students
A. They held a party the night before the test. B. They hurried to take the test on time.
C. They fell over on their way to school. D. They pushed their car to school.
35. Why did the four students put some dirt on their faces
A. To make fun of their teacher B. To show the teacher their words were true
C. To make the woman accept (接受) their help D. To tell the teacher about the party experience
36. How did the students’ feelings change in the story
A. Sorry—surprised—happy—worried B. Sorry—surprised—worried—happy
C. Worried—surprised—happy—sorry D. Worried—happy—surprised—sorry
37. What is the best title for the passage
A. A Good Party B. A Special Test
C. A Great Idea D. An unforgettable Night
C
Why is history important Well, a famous writer from the 20th and 21st centuries named Michael Crichton once said, “If you don’t know history, you don’t know anything. You are like a leaf that doesn’t know it is part of a tree.” But not everyone agrees. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, from the 19th century, said, “The only thing we learn from history is that we learn nothing.”
History tells us about where we come from, what we did right, and where we messed up (搞砸). It gives us warnings (警示) for the future and helps us move forward with knowledge (知识). Even if we repeat (重复) mistakes, at least we can do it with our eyes open.
As we move into the future together, it’s important to know not only our own history but also the history of our neighbors around the world. What better way to understand a country than through the eyes of its people
As editors and writers, we asked friends from different countries to recommend (推荐) the best books about their nation’s history. We also looked into our own country’s past, remembering stories that meant something to us when we were growing up. This will give us different views on world history.
You can take a quick trip through the history of England, from its earliest people to the 21st century. Learn about the unstable history of the US and Canada. Then, fly across the globe to hear stories from Kenya, South Africa, India, Australia, and the Philippines.
The histories you’ll read about will help you explore (探索) different parts of the world and different times in history. You’ll hear the stories of different nations told by the people who know them best.
38. Who agrees that history is unimportant, Crichton or Hegel
A. Hegel B. Crichton C. Both D. Neither (都不)
39. What idea does Paragraph 2 show
A. History tells little about where humans first came from.
B. Our mistakes can’t be written about in history books.
C. We won’t make mistakes after learning from history.
D. History helps us to move forward with a clear mind.
40. What did the editors and writers ask some foreign friends to do
A. Collect ideas from different cultures. B. Explore historical places of interest.
C. Recommend some history books. D. Study foreigners’ views on China.
41. What will the next pages be about
A. English history. B. Historical trips around the world.
C. The development of human beings. D. Histories of some countries.
D
Microplastics (微塑料) are very small. But they bring big problems. A new study said that by 2040, microplastic pollution (污染) could be twice as bad as it is now. Scientists learned this by looking at 20 years of studies on microplastics.
Microplastics are very small pieces of plastic. They come from many places. For example, About 60 percent of material made into clothing is plastic Every time they are washed, they shed (掉落) microplastics. When water bottles and other big plastic items are left outside, they break down slowly into microplastics.
According to National Geographic, microplastics are usually less than five millimeters (毫米) in size. This small size lets them go everywhere, even in water and air. They don’t break down (分解) easily and can stay in the environment (环境) for hundreds of years.
This can be bad for our health. In August, The Conversation reported that scientists found microplastics in people’s brains for the first time. They may hurt brain cells (脑细胞) and change how the brain works.
Wild animals are also at risk from microplastic pollution. Each year, up to three million tons of microplastics end up in the sea. Since they are too small to be seen, fish may eat them by mistake and become very sick.
To deal with the problem, scientists think the best way right now is to make and use less plastic.
42. What do we know about microplastics
A. They showed up 20 years ago. B. They are causing more pollution.
C. They mainly come from making clothes. D. They are usually about-ID millimeters.
43. Why are microplastics a problem for the environment
A. Because they take a long time to break down. B. Because they mainly end up in water.
C. Because they are too small to be reused. D. Because they can move fast in the air.
44. What are Paragraphs 4-5 mainly about
A. Microplastic pollution is hard to deal with.
B. Microplastics can cause different kinds of pollution.
C. Microplastics can hurt certain kinds of fish.
D. Microplastics can bring health problems to humans and animals.
45. What do scientists think is the best way to deal with microplastic pollution
A. Taking plastic out of the sea. B. Making and using less plastic.
C. Governments making laws about it. D. Helping microplastics break down.
一、单项选择
1.【答案】A
【详解】句意：由于各种各样的俱乐部，我们的学校生活比以前更加丰富多彩。
考查冠词。此处泛指“一个更丰富多彩的学校生活”，more以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故选A。
2. 【答案】C
【详解】句意：——谢谢你在我生病期间照顾我，米莉。——别客气。这就是朋友的作用。
考查介词辨析。with和；past超过；through从头到尾，自始至终；across穿过。根据“my illness”可知，是生病整个期间从始至终照顾我。故选C。
3. 【答案】C
【详解】句意：——为什么迈克这么兴奋？他赢得比赛了吗？——是的。他正好用30分钟完成了这项艰巨的任务，不多不少。
考查副词辨析。mostly主要地；probably大概，或许；exactly恰恰，精确地；hardly几乎不，刚刚。由 no more and no less 可知，Mike 不多不少，正好花了30分钟，与后文相呼应，符合语境。故选C。
4. 【答案】D
【详解】句意：——二十年后上海会是什么样子？——我想它会更漂亮。
考查介词like的用法。likes喜欢，动词，单三式；like喜欢，动词；is like像、类似，介词；be like像、类似，介词。根据答语句意可知，空格处应用介词like，像；问句是一般将来时，助动词will后应加动词原形be。故选D。
5.【答案】B
【详解】句意：她明天早晨一到，我就把这个好消息告诉她。
考查动词辨析。gets得到；arrives到达，不及物动词；reaches到达，及物动词；gets to到达，后需接宾语。根据“when she ... tomorrow morning”可知，此处表示“她明天早上到达时”，选项中只有arrive符合题干要求。故选B。
6. 【答案】A
【详解】句意：在北方城市，由于冬季天气寒冷，大多数家庭在装修房屋时都安装了集中供暖系统。
考查动词短语。put in安装；put up张贴，搭建；put on穿上，增加（体重）；put out扑灭。根据“central heating (供暖) when decorating their houses because of the cold weather in winter.” 可知，是装修的时候安装集中供暖系统，故选A。
7. 【答案】D
【详解】句意：——多么美味的食物啊！妈妈真是一个很棒的厨师。——但这不符合我的口味。我不喜欢甜食。
考查名词辨析。style方式；treat款待；smell嗅觉；taste味道。根据“I don’t like sweet food.”可知，此处指不合自己口味，to one’s tastes“合某人的口味”，是固定词组。故选D。
8. 【答案】B
【详解】句意：——你能告诉尼克不要在电脑游戏上花太多时间吗？——恐怕这没有用。他不会听我的。
考查形容词辨析。useful有用的；useless无用的；meaningful有意义的；meaningless无意义的。根据“He won’t listen to me.”可知他不会听自己的，所以告诉他也没有用。故选B。
9. 【答案】B
【详解】句意：贵宾厅的沙发比家里的沙发舒服得多。
考查代词辨析。that指代同名异物，可数名词单数或不可数名词；those指代同名异物，可数名词复数；it它，指代同名同物；them它们，指代同名同物。比较的是VIP厅的沙发和家里的沙发，属于同名异物；前文“sofas”为复数名词，因此用those指代，故选B。
10. 【答案】D
【详解】句意：我不需要任何帮助。我能自己完成。
考查need作实义动词。needn’t不需要，后面接动词原形；don’t need to不需要，后面接动词原形；need需要，后面接动词原形或名词；don’t need不需要，后面接名词，根据“I can do it by myself”可知，此处指不需要帮助，排除C，由“any help”是名词可知，此处用don’t need，排除A和B，故选D。
11. 【答案】C
【详解】句意：——公交车已经停下来了。让我们下车吧。——好的，小心不要跌倒在地上了。考查动词短语辨析题。get on上车；get off下车。根据be careful not to fall to the ground，可知小心不要跌倒在地上了，可以判断是表示下车，get off 动介短语，代词放后面，it不能放在get off之间，故选C。
12.【答案】C
【详解】句意：西蒙没有骑附近的共享单车。相反，他步行去了那里。
考查副词辨析。however然而；otherwise否则；instead相反；moreover而且。根据“Simon didn’t ride the shared bike nearby...he went there on foot.”可知他没有骑共享单车，相反，他步行去了那里。故选C。
13. 【答案】A
【详解】句意：——我认为第二单元没有第一单元那么容易。——我完全同意。它要困难得多。
考查形容词原级句型。not so easy as不如……简单；easier than比……容易；as difficult as和……一样难；less difficult than不如……难。根据“It’s much more difficult.”可知，第二单元比第一单元难，不如第一单元容易。故选A。
14. 【答案】A
【详解】句意：——凯特住的地方离学校有多远？——步行大约半小时。
考查特殊疑问句。How far多远；How long多长时间；How often多久一次；How soon多久以后。根据回答“It’s about half an hour’s walk.”可知，询问的是距离，因此使用How far进行提问。故选A。
15. 【答案】C
【详解】句意：——格蕾丝，你唱得真好。我喜欢你的声音！——谢谢你。
考查情景交际。I practice every day我每天练习；No, I don’t think so不，我不这么认为；Thank you谢谢你； Well, it’s not good嗯，它不好。根据“you sing beautifully. I love your voice!”可知对于对方的称赞表示感谢。故选C。
二、完形填空
【答案】16. A 17. B 18. C 19. D 20. B 21. C 22. D 23. D 24. B 25. D 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Jordan参加丰收祭比赛的经历。
【16题详解】
句意：我有一个——Magnifico，我最喜爱的英雄。
my我的；his他的；her她的；your你的。根据“‘You love Magnifico.’”可知，Jordan喜欢Magnifico，所以，my符合语境。故选A。
【17题详解】
句意：对我来说，赢很难。
possible可能的；difficult困难的；important重要的；dangerous危险的。根据前文的“‘Danny and Alex are going as Magnifico, too.’Jordan shook his head.”可知，Danny和Alex也是打扮成Magnifico去的，由此可推知，对Jordan来说，很难赢，difficult符合语境。故选B。
【18题详解】
句意：也许，你应该穿不同的装束去。
nothing没有东西；anything任何事，任何物；something某事，某物；everything一切。根据后文的“‘The competition is Friday night. It’s too late to change costumes,’ Jordan sighed.”可推知，此处Meg建议Jordan应该穿某件不同的服装去，something符合语境。故选C。
【19题详解】
句意：回到家，Jordan默不作声，仔细地思考着Meg的话。
secretly秘密地；angrily愤怒地；proudly自豪地；carefully仔细地。根据“Back at home, Jordan was quiet, thinking about Meg’s words...”可知，此处表达的是：Jordan仔细地思考着Meg的话，carefully符合语境。故选D。
【20题详解】
句意：我真地想成为获胜者。
judge裁判；winner获胜者；officer官员；player运动员。根据“‘Danny and Alex are going as Magnifico, too.’ Jordan shook his head. ‘It’s...for me to win.’”可推知，此处Jordan表达的是：我真地想成为获胜者，winner符合语境。故选B。
【21题详解】
句意：妈妈建议说，“我们有很多旧的衣服和装束。为什么不看一下呢？”
ordered命令；guessed猜测；suggested建议；promised承诺。根据“‘Why not take a look ’”可知，此处Jordan的妈妈是在提建议，suggested符合语境。故选C。
【22题详解】
句意：Jordan找到了一个巨大的太阳镜和一个长长的黑色假发，但是没有东西是有用的。
or或者；so所以；if如果；but但是；根据“Jordan found giant sunglasses and a long black wig”和“ nothing was useful”可知，这两个分句在语义上为转折关系，所以，but符合语境。故选D。
【23题详解】
句意：“我翻看了一些旧衣服。”他耸了耸肩。“什么都没有。”
took off脱下；paid for支付；threw away扔走；looked through翻看，浏览。根据前文的“‘We have lots of old clothes and costumes. Why not take a look ’...nothing was useful.”可知，Jordan翻看了一些旧衣服，但没有发现有用的东西，look through符合语境。故选D。
【24题详解】
句意：看看你的房子各处有什么。
for为了；around各处，到处；outside外面；beside在……旁边。根据“See what you have...your house.”可知，此处表达的是：看看你的房子各处有什么，around符合语境。故选B。
【25题详解】
句意：突然，他记起了Meg所说的话——创造性地思考。
recorded记录；doubted怀疑；discovered发现；remembered记得。根据破折号后的“think outside the box”可推知，此处表达的是Jordan记起了Meg所说的话，remembered符合语境。故选D。
【26题详解】
句意：Jordan的目光落在了这个盒子上。
box盒子；desk桌子；clothes衣服；sunglasses太阳镜。根据前文的“On top of the desk was a giant box.”及“Jordan’s eyes fell on the...”可知，Jordan的目光是落在了盒子上，box符合语境。故选A。
【27题详解】
句意：当Danny和Alex看到Jordan时，他们无法相信他的装束。
mustn’t不准，禁止；needn’t不必；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该。根据后文的“Danny’s eyes lit up.”可知，此处表达的是：Danny和Alex无法相信Jordan的装束，couldn’t符合语境。故选C。
【28题详解】
句意：他想知道Jordan是如何制作它的。
why为什么；how如何；when什么时候；where在哪里。根据“‘The wheels of your wheelchair are perfect for its back wheels.’ He wondered...Jordan made it.”可知，此处表达的是：Danny想知道Jordan是如何制作它的，how符合语境。故选B。
【29题详解】
句意：是时候宣布结果了。
goal目标；rule规则；result结果；subject主题。根据后文的“‘The winner is... Jordan Eastman!’ Everyone clapped.”可推知，此处表达的是：是时候宣布冠军了，即是时候宣布比赛的结果了，result符合语境。故选C。
【30题详解】
句意：你只需要富有创造性。
polite礼貌的；helpful有帮助的；creative有创造性的；humorous幽默的。根据后文的“‘Yeah, think outside the box!’ Jordan smiled.”可推知，此处Meg表达的是：Jordan只需要富有创造性，creative符合语境。故选C。
三、阅读理解
A
【答案】31. B 32. D 33. B
【导语】本文主要介绍了树木如何帮助我们了解气候变化。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据“One light ring and one dark ring make one year of the tree’s life.”及图片可知，大约有17个年轮，所以这颗树大概17岁。故选B。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Tree rings usually grow wider in warm, wet years and are thinner in years when it is cold and try. If the tree has experienced hard times, such as drought, the tree might hardly grow at all in those years.”可知树木年轮通常在温暖潮湿的年份长得更宽，在寒冷干燥的年份变得更薄，结合选项可知，选项D年轮长得更宽，符合文章表述，故选D。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知本文主要介绍了树木如何帮助我们了解气候变化。所以应是在报纸的“科学”部分读到此文章，故选B。
B
【答案】34. A 35. B 36. C 37. B
【导语】本文讲述了四个同学上学迟到了，谎称他们在去学校的路上帮了一位老妇人开车，老师没有揭穿他们，而是通过一次特殊的考试来达到教育的目的，使他们认识到自己的错误。
【34题详解】
细节理解题。根据“One night, four students stayed up late partying,”可知他们在考试前晚举办派对，熬夜到很晚。故选A。
【35题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Each student put some dirt (土) on their faces and hands, and then they went to the teacher’s office. They told the teacher that they had helped an old woman with her car on the way to school”可知每个学生都往脸上和手上抹了些土，然后去了老师的办公室，他们告诉老师，他们在去学校的路上帮了一位老妇人开车，可推知他们这样做是为了向老师展示他们说的是真的。故选B。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Each student put some dirt (土) on their faces and hands, and then they went to the teacher’s office...”可知他们去了老师办公室，向老师说谎以躲避考试，可推知当时他们是担心的；根据“ to the students’ surprise, he said that they could do the test in three days’ time.”可知他们很惊讶，老师让他们三天之后再考试；根据“They were just so happy because they had three extra days to study and prepare for the test.”可知他们非常高兴，因为他们有额外的三天时间学习和准备考试；根据“Now it’s not hard to imagine how ashamed (羞愧的) they all felt.”可知最后他们感到羞愧。故选C。
【37题详解】
最佳标题题。本文讲述了四个同学上学迟到了，谎称他们在去学校的路上帮了一位老妇人开车，老师没有揭穿他们，而是通过一次特殊的考试来达到教育的目的，使他们认识到自己的错误，以选项B“一个特殊的考试”为标题最合适。故选B。
C
【答案】38. A 39. D 40. C 41. D
【导语】本文主要介绍了历史的重要性。
【38题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, from the 19th century, said, ‘The only thing we learn from history is that we learn nothing.’”可知Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel说“我们从历史中学到的唯一东西就是我们什么也没学到”，所以是Hegel认为历史不重要。故选A。
【39题详解】
细节理解题。根据“It gives us warnings (警示) for the future and helps us move forward with knowledge”可知历史给我们未来的警告，帮助我们用知识前进。故选D。
【40题详解】
细节理解题。根据“As editors and writers, we asked friends from different countries to recommend (推荐) the best books about their nation’s history.”可知作为编辑和作家，我们邀请来自不同国家的朋友推荐关于他们国家历史的最佳书籍。故选C。
【41题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The histories you’ll read about will help you explore (探索) different parts of the world and different times in history. You’ll hear the stories of different nations told by the people who know them best.”可知你将阅读的历史将帮助你探索世界的不同地区和历史的不同时期，你会听到最了解不同国家的人讲述的不同国家的故事，故接下来可能是关于一些国家的历史。故选D。
D
【答案】42. B 43. A 44. D 45. B
【导语】本文主要讲述了微塑料的危害以及解决方法。
【42题详解】
细节理解题。根据“by 2040, microplastic pollution (污染) could be twice as bad as it is now”可知，微塑料正在造成更多污染，故选B。
【43题详解】
细节理解题。根据“They don’t break down (分解) easily and can stay in the environment (环境) for hundreds of years.”可知，微塑料需要很长时间才能分解，故选A。
【44题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第四段“This can be bad for our health.”以及第五段“Wild animals are also at risk from microplastic pollution.”可知，微塑料对人和动物健康有害，故选D。
【45题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“To deal with the problem, scientists think the best way right now is to make and use less plastic.”可知，科学家认为应减少塑料的生产和使用，故选B。

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