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译林版(2024) 八年级基础知识点复习讲义
Unit 3 To be a good learner
1.To be a good learner 成为一名优秀的学习者
learner (n.) 学习者 learn (v.) 学习 learning n. 学习
language learner 语言学习者
2.The joy of learning is as important in study as breathing is in running. 学习的乐趣之于学习，如同呼吸之于跑步那般重要
joy = happiness (un.) 欢乐，高兴；乐趣
breathe (v.) 呼吸
breathe deeply深呼吸
breath（n.) 呼吸
out of breath 喘不过气来
take a deep breath 深呼吸
Welcome to the unit
1.Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day. 授人以鱼不如授人以渔。
feed (vt.) 喂养; 为......提供食物 过去式为fed
feed on 以…… 为食
feed sth. to sb. 把某物喂给某人
fish (n.) 表“鱼肉”时不可数；表“鱼的种类”时, 复数为fishes; 表“鱼的数量”时，单复同形
fish (v.) 钓鱼, 捕鱼 go fishing 去钓鱼
fisherman n. 渔夫
fishing n. 钓鱼
2. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step. 千里之行始于足下。
journey (n.) (长途)旅行; 旅程 → trip (短途)旅行
the journey/trip to....去...的旅行
begin/start with… 以…开始
single (adj.) 单个的; 单身的
singly adv. 单独地
3. Studying is like rowing a boat against moving water, if you don’t move forward, you will fall behind. 学习如逆水行舟，不进则退。
against (prep.) 逆; 碰; 撞 crash against 撞击
against (prep.) 反对; 对抗 → for (prep.) 支持 fight against 与…… 斗争
against (prep.) 紧靠; 倚着
if 如果(主将从现); 是否(时态不定)
I have no idea if it will rain tomorrow. If it rains, I will stay at home and do my schoolwork.我不知道明天是否会下雨。如果下雨的话，我会呆在家里做作业。
move forward前进 → fall behind 落后; 落在......后面
fall down 跌倒; 倒塌(强调垂直下落)
fall over 倒下(强调向前摔倒)
fall down from ... = fall off ... 从......摔下来
fall in love with 爱上...
4. What do you think is important for successful learning, Daniel 丹尼尔，你认为对成功的学习来说什么很重要？
do you think 为插入语(做题时可忽略不看)
What do you think of ... = How do you like/find ... 你觉得......怎么样？
important (adj.) 重要的 → importance (n.) 重要性 the importance of ... ......的重要性
be important to sb. = be of (great) importance to sb. 对某人来说很重要
successful(adj.) be successful in doing sth
successfully(adv.) do sth successfully
success (n.) have success in doing sth a big success
succeeded (v.) succeed in doing sth成功做某事
success /s k ses/ n. 成功；成功的人或事
achieve success 取得成功
5. For me, one thing is to have strong drive to learn. 对我来说，其中一点是拥有强烈的学习动力。
drive (n.) 冲劲; 动力 have drive to do sth. 有冲劲做某事
(n.) have a drive to do sth. 有动力做某事
(v.) drive sb. to do sth. 驱使某人做某事
drive (v.）驾驶; 驱使; 迫使(过去式为drove)
drive sb to sp. 开车送某人去某地
drive away开车离开
drive sb. away 赶走某人
drive sb. mad/crazy使某人发疯/发狂
6. If you’re willing to learn, you’ll work harder. 如果你愿意学习，你就会更努力。
be willing to do sth. 乐意做某事
work hard (动词短语) 努力学习，努力工作 hard work (名词短语) 艰难的工作
hard-working (形容词) 勤奋的，勤劳的
7. A good teacher will guide you on the right path. 一个好老师会指引你到正确的道路。
guidance n. 指导
guide (n.) 向导,导游; 指南 a guide to (doing) sth. 一份(做)某事的指南
guide (v.) 引导，带领 guide sb. to ...引导某人去…
guide sb to do sth 带领某人做某事
8. And we should also make a study plan. It’ll help us manage our time well. 此外，我们还应该制定一份学习计划，它能帮助我们更好地管理时间。
manage (vt.)明智地使用；管理→management (n.) (v.)完成(困难的事)
manage sth. 管理好某某物
manage to do sth . (克服困难)设法成功做成某事
9. I couldn’t agree more. 我完全同意。
I can’t/couldn’t agree more. 我不能再同意更多了；我非常同意(以比较级的形式表达最高级的意义)"
Reading
1. Benjamin Franklin: a lifelong learner. 本杰明 富兰克林：一位终身学习者。
lifelong (adj.) 终身的
lifelong learning终身学习
lifelong friendship终生的友谊
2. A writer, scientist, inventor and one of the Founding Fathers of the United States, Benjamin Franklin was a man of many talents and one of the most famous people of the 18th century. 本杰明·富兰克林身兼作家、科学家、发明家暨美利坚合众国开国元勋等多重身份，他才华横溢，是十八世纪最具影响力的人物之一。
invent (v.)发明
invention (n.)发明物
inventor(n.)发明家
inventive adj. 有创意的
founder n. 创始人
foundation n. 基础
注意： find v.找到 （过去式：found）
talented adj. 有天赋的
talentless adj. 无天赋的
have a talent for (doing) sth. 在（做）某事上有天赋
natural talent 天赋
one of +形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最......的.....之一(后接谓语动词三单形式)
century (n.) 世纪，百年 (in) the+序数词+century 在……世纪
in the 21st century 在 21 世纪
over the centuries 几个世纪以来
famous著名的，出名的 be famous for = be known (well-known) for 因......而著名/因......而广为人知
be famous as +身份/职业 作为……而著名
3. From a young age, Franklin’s great love of learning set him apart from many others. 自幼年起, 富兰克林对学习的极大热爱使他与众不同。
from a young age = from an early age 从年纪很小的时候开始
set sb./sth. apart from ... 使某人/某物有别于......
take…apart把…拆开
4. While working in his brother’s print shop, Franklin taught himself by reading a lot. 在他哥哥的印刷店工作期间，富兰克林通过大量阅读自学。
print v. 印刷
printing n. 印刷术
printer / pr nt (r)/ n. 印刷工，印刷商；打印机
while/when + doing sth. 当做某事时 = While/When sb. + be + doing sth.(引导时间状语) (从句和主句的主语相同时，才能这样省略)
by himself 独自
help themselves 请自便
teach oneself (to do) sth. = learn (to do) sth. by oneself 自学......
5. He often borrowed books from booksellers and stayed up very late in order to return them early the next day. 他经常向书商借书，并且熬夜到很晚，为了第二天能早点归还它们。
booksell v. 卖书
borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借进来) → lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth. 把某物借给某人(借出去)
keep + 时间段 借多长时间
stay up (very late) 熬夜(到很晚)
stay out待在户外，晚上不回家
in order to do sth. 为了做某事(表目的) = to do sth. = so that从句 = in order that从句
return to sp.回到某地
return sth. to sb. 把某物归还给某人
6. Curious about the world around him, Franklin once became interested in studying storms. 出于对周遭世界的好奇，富兰克林曾对研究暴风雨产生了兴趣。
curiosity n. 好奇心
curiously adv. 好奇地
be curious about 对…… 好奇
be interested in (doing) sth. = show (an) interest in (doing) sth. 对做(某事)感兴趣
place of interest 名胜古迹
7. He followed the storms and did many tests. Then he found out that storms moved from one place to another. 他追踪风暴并进行了多次实验。随后他发现风暴会从一个地方移动到另一个地方。
follow (v.) 跟随；遵循 → follower (n.) 追随者 → following (adj.) 接下来的
follow traffic rules 遵守交通规则 in the following weeks 在接下来的几周里
find out通过探索而发现事情的真相，发现无形，隐秘的事情，调查、弄清楚
discover发现客观事物的存在；表示新发现，特别是科学上的发现时，只能用discover
look for寻找；强调找的过程
find发现，找到；强调找的结果
finding (n.) 调查发现
move from one place to another 从一个地方移动/搬家到另一个地方
8. What’s more, Franklin had a great love for science, so his countless inventions came as no surprise. 此外，富兰克林热爱科学，因此他无数的发明毫不令人意外。
what’s more = moreover = in addition = besides此外，而且
countless （adj.) 数不尽的 → count (vi. & vt.) 数数; 计数
→ countable (adj.) 可数的 → countless (adj.) 不可数的
surprise (n.)令人惊奇的事情(或消息等)
to one’s surprise令某人惊讶的是
come as no surprise 不足为奇
surprise (v.)使惊奇；使诧异
surprise sb使某人大吃一惊/措手不及
surprised (adj.)惊奇的；感觉意外的
be surprised to do sth对做某事感到吃惊
surprising (adj.) 令人吃惊的;奇怪的
9. Even in his late 70s, he invented a type of special glasses to help him see better. 即使在他 70 多岁时，他还发明了一种特殊的眼镜，帮助自己看得更清楚。
in one’s late 70s 在某人 70 多岁时(特指 75-79 岁左右)
in one’s teens, twenties, thirties, forties, fifties, sixties, seventies, eighties, nineties
help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
10. Franklin did not make money from any of his inventions but let people use them for free. 富兰克林没有通过他的任何发明来赚钱，而让人们免费使用。
make money from从...获利
do sth. for free免费(做某事)
in one’s free time在某人的空闲时间
11. His greatness goes further than that. 他的伟大远不止于此。
great adj. 伟大的（例：a great leader 伟大的领袖）
greatly adv. 非常（例：I greatly admire her. 我非常钦佩她。）
achieve greatness 成就伟大
the greatness of …… 的伟大之处
12. As a lifelong learner, he saw learning as an exciting and endless journey, full of wonder and success . 作为一个终身学习者，他把学习看成一个令人兴奋并且无止境的旅程，充满了好奇和成功。
see ... as... 将......视为......
be full of = be filled with 充满......；塞满......
13. How did Franklin go on learning after he left school 离开学校后，富兰克林如何继续学习？
go on doing sth. 继续做原来正在做的那件事
go on to do sth. 接着开始做另一件新的事
leave school辍学/毕业
14. Steve and his parents can't speak a word of Italian, and they are not good at English, so it came as no surprise that they ran into countless problems during their trip. 史蒂夫和他的父母一句意大利语也不会说，而且英语也不太好，因此他们在旅途中遇到了无数麻烦，这完全在意料之中。
can't speak a word of ... 一句......也不会说
run into problems遇到麻烦
15. After he got home, Steve was curious about finding a way to make daily conversation in another language easier.到家后，史蒂夫对找到一种方法让用另一种语言进行日常交流变得更轻松感到好奇。
converse v. 交谈（例：They conversed in English. 他们用英语交谈。）
conversational adj. 会话的（例：conversational skills 会话技巧）
have a conversation with和…进行交谈
16. What influence do you think Benjamin Franklin's childhood had on his life 你认为本杰明·富兰克林的童年对他的人生有何影响？
have influence on ... 对......有影响
Grammar
1.形容词变副词规则
(1) 一般情况下直接在形容词词尾直接加ly
(2) 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词要变y为i,加ly.
(3) 某些以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加y或ly
如: true-truly; gentle-gently; comfortable-comfortably; possible-possibly; terrible-terribly; simple-simply
(4) 绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。
如: polite-politely, wide-widely
(5) 还有一类词本身既是形容词又是副词early, late, fast; far; hard; high; long; near; low
2.反身代词：即人称代词的反身形式，它所指代的人或物与主语一致，在句中可以起到强调的作用。
我 你 他 她 它
myself yourself himself herself itself
我们 你们 他们
ourselves yourselves themselves
learn sth/to do sth by oneself自学某事/做某事
teach oneself sth/ to do sth自学某事/做某事
set goals for oneself 为自己设定目标
dress oneself自己穿衣; hurt oneself伤了自己
say to oneself自言自语; enjoy oneself玩得开心
help oneself to... 自便，随便使用
by oneself=alone=on one’s own独自
lose oneself in…陶醉于
keep secrets/worries to oneself 把秘密/担忧放在心底
I myself made the advertisement. 我亲自做广告。
作为主语或宾语的同位语，意为“亲自，本人”。
3. He even records himself playing the piano every day. 他甚至每天都录下自己弹钢琴的过程。
record (v.) record sth. 记录、录制某事
record sb. doing sth. 录制某人做某事的样子
record (n.) break a record打破记录
hold/keep a record 保持记录
set a record 创造记录
4. We wish we could learn something by ourselves too. 我们也希望能自己学点东西。
wish to do sth. 希望自己做某事 wish sb. (not) to do sth. 希望某人(不要)做某事
He wishes his friend to go with him. 他希望朋友和他一起去。
wish 表达 “与现在事实相反的愿望” 时（即 “现在做不到，但希望能做到”），宾语从句的谓语动词需用过去式(情态动词用过去式形式，如 can → could，will → would);
5. I may try drawing. 我可能会试试画画。I will try to draw them next weekend. 我下周末会努力画它们。
try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try to do sth. 努力做某事
He tried to open the door.他努力把门打开。
next weekend 下周末 last weekend 上周末 at/on weekends= at/on the weekend 在周末
Word power
1. 后缀-er；-or；-ist
art→artist游客; biology→biologist生物学家
piano→pianist科学家; science→scientist艺术家
tour→tourist钢琴家
act→actor演员; direct→director导演
invent→inventor发明家; survive→survivor幸存者
visit→visitor 游客
2. Moreover, Franklin was a scientist, and many of his findings played an important role in the history of science. 此外，富兰克林是一位科学家，他的许多发现在科学史上起到了重要作用。
play an important role/part in (doing) sth. 在…… 中起重要作用/有着重要的影响
3. There are more and more chances for people to develop their interests in different areas. 现在有越来越多的机会，供人们在不同领域培养自己的兴趣。
There be sth. (for sb.) to do 有......可(供某人)做......
There be sb. doing sth. 有人在做某事
Integration
1. Zhao Yuanren could speak over 30 Chinese dialects and some foreign languages like English, French and German. 赵元任可以说超过30种中国方言，还有一些外语比如英语，法语，德语。
speak + 语言
talk to/with sb. about sth. 和某人谈论某事
say +说的具体内容(带引号)/that从句
tell sb. sth. /tell sth. to sb. 告诉某人某事
over = more than 超过，多于
over 在......正上方（反义词为under）；从一边到另一边
2. Besides his great talent and strong interest in language, Zhao had useful ways to learn language. 除了在语言方面的卓越天赋和浓厚兴趣，赵还有实用的语言学习方法。
besides doing sth. 除了做某事之外
besides + n. 除…… 之外
相关词汇：besides prep. 除…之外（还有）
except prep.除了（排除某部分）
but prep. 除了
3. Zhao thought it was important to spend as much time as possible reading, speaking, and listening to the language. 赵认为花费尽可能多的时间在语言的听说读写上很重要.
possibly adv. 可能地（例：Possibly he will come tomorrow. 他可能明天来。）
impossible adj. 不可能的（例：It’s impossible to finish in an hour. 一小时内完成不可能。）
possibility n. 可能性（例：There’s a possibility of rain. 有可能下雨。）
as…as possible 尽可能……
make it possible 使…… 成为可能
4. Zhao always carried a pen and paper with him to write down useful sentences. 赵也随身携带纸笔记下有用的句子。
carry sth. with sb. 侧重“随身携带的状态(无明确方向)”
take sth. with sb. 侧重“带某物去某地(有明确方向)”
write down 写下(人称代词必须放在中间)
5. Zhao believed that it was best to focus on learning sentences rather than single words. 赵认为，最好专注于学习句子，而不是单个单词。
focus on +(doing) sth. 高度集中精力于(做)某事
rather than 而不是
would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事
6. How important do you think pronunciation is 你认为发音有多重要？
pronunciation n. 发音(表示某人的“发音”时用单数；表示单词的多个”读音”时用复数)
improve pronunciation 改善发音
correct pronunciation 正确的发音
pronounce /pr na ns/ vt. 发音
7. Try to write something in English every day. 尽量每天用英语写点东西。
every day 每天（表频率，作状语） everyday adj. 每天的，日常的 = daily （在名词前做定语）
8. Start by reading easy texts and slowly move on to more difficult ones. 先从阅读简单文本开始，然后慢慢过渡到更难的文本。
slow adj. 慢的（例：a slow car 慢车）
slower adj. 更慢的 adj.比较级（例：He walks slower than me. 他走得比我慢。）
slowest adj. 最慢的 adj.最高级（例：the slowest runner 最慢的跑步者）
more slowly 更慢地 adv.比较级
the most slowly 最慢地 adv.最高级
move on to sth. 过渡到更难/更高级的事物；继续前进(物理位置/话题转移）
9. I believe through listening, reading, writing and speaking I can improve my language skills as a whole. 我相信，通过听、读、写、说，我能整体提升自己的语言能力。
through + 名词 通过经历、过程或媒介
by + 动词-ing 通过具体方法、手段或动作执行者
as a whole 作为一个整体；总体上
10. How about reading English aloud every morning 每天早上大声读英语怎么样？
aloud adv. 出声地(常与read等连用)；大声地(常与shout、call、cry等连用)（无比较级）
loud adj. 响亮的，大声的(可作定语或表语)
read aloud 大声读
注意：aloud：强调 “出声地”，即发出声音以便能被听到，但不一定表示 “声音大”。
loudly：突出声音的 “音量高、强度大”，可能带有 “嘈杂、刺耳” 的意味。
11. Try to pronounce each word correctly. 努力把每一个单词发音正确。
correct (adj.)正确的；无误的；恰当的；合适的 (vt.)改正；纠正
incorrect (adj.)不正确的
correctly (adj.) 正确地；合适的；得体的
spell correctly 正确拼写
12. To my surprise, they could not understand my English, and I had to repeat myself many times. 让我震惊的是，他们听不懂我的英语，我不得不重复很多次。
surprise n. 惊奇, 惊讶 to one' s surprise 令某人惊讶的是(句首，后接逗号) in surprise 吃惊地
surprise n. 令人惊讶的事情（或消息）
surprise vt. 使惊奇, 使措手不 sth. surprise sb. (a lot) 某事使某人（大为）惊讶
surprised adj. 吃惊的, 惊讶的 (侧重人的感受) → surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 (侧重说明事物)
repetition n. 重复
repeating adj. 重复的
repeat after sb. 跟某人重复
repeat oneself 重复自己的话
13. I decided to make a plan to improve my English. 我决定制定一个计划来提升我的英语。
decide v. 决定 decide (not) to do sth. = make up one’s mind (not) to do sth. 决定(不要)做某事
plan cn. 计划 make a plan to do sth. 计划做某事 plan(s) for sth. 某事的计划
plan vt. 计划(现在分词为planning) plan to do sth. 计划做某事
14. I spent 10 minutes listening to English on a language learning app on my phone, then another 10 minutes practising my pronunciation. 我在手机上的一款语言学习 APP 上花了 10 分钟听英语，之后又花了 10 分钟练习发音。
表示数量的词+ more + n. 再多.....
数字+more+ n.复数 = another +数字+n.复数（数字>1） 另外/额外......
15. I even work as a volunteer to help foreign tourists in my free time. 我甚至在我的业余时间做志愿者来帮助外国游客。
work as + 职业 / 角色名词 担任/从事某种职业或角色
tour v. 旅游
tourism n. 旅游业
tourist attraction 旅游景点
tourist guide 导游
in one’s free time = when sb. be free 在某人有空时
期中练习
一、单项填空
1. —Mom, can I play computer games this evening
—________ your homework first, and then we’ll talk about it.
A. Finish B. Finished C. Finishing D. To finish
2. —Tommy, you can never let others know what I have told you today.
—Don’t worry. I will keep the ______.
A. secret B. money C. address D. grade
3. My parents seldom buy any new clothes ________, but they are so generous when they spend money on me.
A. for them B. with themselves C. for me D. for themselves
4. —________ doing your homework all the time, what about going out to enjoy the sunshine
—OK. I will be with you in a minute.
A. Because of B. Instead of C. As if D. Not only
5. —Be careful not to ________ my glass ________ the desk!
—I will take care. But you should put it in a safer place.
A. knock; off B. knock; away C. put; away D. put; off
6. —Don’t keep your problem to yourself. ________ share it with me
—That’s very kind of you. I really need your help and support.
A. Why not B. Why don’t C. Why not you D. What about
7. —It’s 8 o’clock now. Shall we leave for the shopping mall
—It’s rush hour now. Let’s wait till nine o’clock. There will be ________ then.
A. fewer traffic B. less traffic C. more traffic D. lots of traffic
8. Jinling Hotel was the highest building in Nanjing thirty years ago. But now, the building next to it is twice as ________ as it.
A. higher B. highest C. high D. the highest
9. Which of the following word can be put in the mind map below
A looks B. patient C. handsome D. feeling
10. — I am very worried about tomorrow’s Maths test. I am afraid I can’t pass this time.
— ________! I’m sure you’ll make it.
A. No problem B. That’s right C. Don’t mention it D. Cheer up
二、完形填空
During the Northern Song Dynasty about 1,000 years ago, there was a skilled archer (弓箭手) called Chen Yaozi.
One day he was ____11____ archery in his own field. He shot eight or nine times out of ten and he became very ____12____ of his skills. But he noticed that among the crowd there was an old man who sells ____13____. He only nodded his head indifferently (冷淡地). This hurt Chen Yaozi’s pride. He asked the old man, “Can you shoot an archery ”
“No, I can’t,” the man said.
“What do you think of my archery ____14____ then ”
“It’s OK, but ____15____ special. You’ve gained your accuracy from a lot of practice. That’s all.”
Then the old man put a bottle on the ground and covered its ____16____ with a coin that has a small square hole in the middle. He then scooped out (舀出) some oil with a gourd, held it high and began to fill the bottle. Now, a thread of oil came down into the bottle just ____17____ the hole of the coin. Everybody watched in ____18____.
When the old man finished, he ____19____ the crowd the coin. “Can you see any oil marks on it ” The crowd could not help giving him a big cheer, but the old man stopped them.
“This is nothing special, either. I can do this because I have practised it a lot. Practice makes perfect. Nothing is to be especially proud of.”
____20____, people use the idiom “Practice makes perfect” to express someone who is skilled in doing something after plenty of practice.
11. A. watching B. practising C. making D. seeing
12. A. proud B. full C. interested D. fond
13. A. arrow B. coin C. oil D. thread
14. A. power B. energy C. skills D. practice
15. A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything
16. A. face B. mouth C. nose D. leg
17. A. onto B. along C. across D. through
18. A. joy B. surprise C. anger D. fear
19. A. showed B. watched C. offered D. gave
20. A. Besides B. However C. Later D. Soon
三、阅读理解
A
October 22nd Today I went on a school trip. We visited the science museum and it was really interesting. We got there so fast by train. We saw some farms and villages along the way. At the museum, I learned a lot about robots. I didn’t know they could play chess with us. It was so cool! Then the guide taught us how to make a model robot. I took a lot of great photos, too. After that, I went to the gift shop and bought some lovely gifts for my parents. They weren’t expensive. All in all, it was an exciting day. Helen October 22nd I think today’s school trip was terrible. We took the train to the museum. It was so hot on the slow train. The museum was big and boring. Everything was about robots and I’m not interested in that. The rooms were really dark and it was difficult to take photos, so I didn’t take any. There were also too many people and I couldn’t really see or hear the guide. The things in the gift shop were so expensive. I didn’t like the trip at all. Jim
21. Where did they go for the school trip
A. A village. B. A museum. C. A train station. D. A robot center.
22. How did Helen feel about the trip
A. Bored. B. Sad. C. Excited. D. Uninterested.
23. What can we know from the two diary entries
A. Helen and Jim went on the same trip but have different feelings.
B. The seats on the train were really comfortable.
C. Jim put the photos on his home page.
D. Helen’s parents love playing chess very much.
B
It was a cold winter afternoon before Christmas. My parents and I sat on the bench in Washington, Union Station, waiting for the train. There were many people inside the waiting hall. A boy sat nearby. His worn jacket, pale face, dirty hands all seemed to tell me that he was homeless. “He must be cold and hungry. Maybe I should help him,” I said to myself.
Just at that moment, a well-dressed young couple (夫妇) walked towards him. “Excuse me,” the man said. “My wife and I bought two meal boxes but one was enough for us. We hate to waste good food. Can you help us out and put this to use ” He gave the boy a meal box.
The boy thanked them and opened the box with joy and care. Suddenly he stopped. In the direction (方向) to which he looked, I saw an old man in rags (衣衫褴褛的)—in a worn sweater, worn trousers and open shoes, entering the hall.
Putting the meal box aside, the boy stood up and helped the old man to his seat. He took off his jacket and covered it over the old man’s shoulders, saying, “A gentleman brought me this warm meal but I just finished eating. I hate to waste good food. Can you help me out ” He put the still-warm meal box in the old man’s hands without waiting for an answer.
“Sure, son, but if only you offer that sandwich to me. It’s too much for a man at my age.” We were all touched (受感动的). Dad went away and soon returned with cups of hot chocolate and a big pizza. Mum and Dad went up to those in rags, “Excuse me.”
I rushed into a KFC and took out my pocket money. It was so cold that afternoon but I felt much warmer than I had ever thought possible.
24. Who gave the boy a meal box
A. The young man. B. The old man. C. The young woman. D. Mum and Dad.
25. The old man asked only for the sandwich because ________.
A. the meal box wasn’t enough for him B. the meal box was not to his taste
C. he wanted some fast food in KFC D. he wanted to save food for the boy
26. Which of the following is the correct order according to the passage
①The writer’s parents bought some food for the homeless.
②An old man in rags entered the waiting hall.
③Someone brought the poor boy a warm meal.
④The writer and his parents sat on the bench in the station.
A. ③②①④ B. ③④②① C. ④③②① D. ④③①②
C
Remember your childhood, there is a kind of toy called bamboo dragonfly. Just like its name, bamboo dragonfly looks like a dragonfly. Bamboo dragonfly is made of bamboo. Bamboo dragonfly has two parts. One is the bamboo handle. The second is the wings. To play, rub your hands, and then let it go, bamboo dragonfly will fly to the sky. It has a long history. If you don’t believe, please read on.
2523 years ago, bamboo dragonfly was created (创造) by the Chinese. It has been a toy for Chinese children for more than 2,000 years. It was introduced to Europe in the 18th century, and George Cayley, the Father of aviation (航空), had been fascinated by bamboo dragonflies all his life. In his first aeronautical research, he copied and modified the bamboo dragonfly in the 1796 and figured out how propellers (螺旋桨) work. His research helped with the development of airplanes. Now, do you believe
How to make bamboo dragonfly Cut out the paper, turn it over, turn it upside down, and glue the sides. Fold one side along the dotted line (虚线) and glue it. Fold the other side on. Then glue it again. Use a needle to pierce (刺) two small round holes, ready to wear bamboo. Fold one side up about 20 degrees along the center diagonal (对角线的) dotted line. Insert two thin bamboo strips into two small holes one by one and stick them with glue. Use paper strips to wrap the two bamboo strips together and stick them with glue. After glue dry, with both hands rub bamboo, leaf rotation. Blow the wind down. At this time a release, it can fly up. How clever the ancestors (祖先) of man were!
27. Which picture is bamboo dragonfly
A. B. C. D.
28. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. The holes. B. The other side. C. The first side. D. The needle.
29. According to the passage, which one about bamboo dragonfly is true
A. It was introduced to Europe 400 years ago.
B. It was created by George Cayley 2523 years ago.
C. To make it, two bamboo strips should be inserted into two holes.
D. It has been a toy for Chinese children for almost 2000 years.
30. What’s the best title of this passage
A. Bamboo dragonfly, clever creation. B. The history of bamboo dragonfly.
C. Bamboo dragonfly, everyone’s love. D. Bamboo dragonfly, a popular toy.
D
Will future you still be you It might seem like a strange philosophical (哲学的) question. But the answer to how you think about your future self could make the difference between decisions you finally find satisfying (满意的) and ones you might regret (后悔).
Brain imaging shows that when people think about their future selves, their brain patterns (模式) are similar to those when they think about strangers. This finding shows that, in the mind’s eye, our future selves look like other people. If you see future you as a different person, why should you save money, eat healthier or exercise more to be good for that stranger
However, if you see the interests of your future self as more like those of your present self, you are more likely to do things today that are good for you tomorrow. A paper showed that college students who experienced a greater sense of connection and similarity to their future selves were more likely to succeed in study. Relationships with our future selves are also important to general psychological well-being (幸福). In a project led by Joseph Reiff, which includes 5,000 adults aged 20 to 75, he found that those who knew the connection in qualities between their present and future selves ended up being more satisfied with their lives 10 years after the study.
So how can we better help our future selves and feel more connected to them Vividness interventions (主动干预) works. We have found, for example, that showing people images of their older, grayer selves increases their willingness to save for the long term. Besides, you might try writing a letter to—and then from—your future self. As pointed out by Yuta Chishima and Anne Wilson in their 2020 study in the journal Self and Identity, when high-school students took part in this type of “send-and-reply” exercise, they experienced increased levels of feelings of similarity with their future selves.
Letter-writing and visualization (想象) exercises are just two ways we can connect with our future selves, but the larger lesson here is clear: If we can treat our future selves as if they are people we love, care about and want to support, we can start making choices for them that improve our lives—both today and tomorrow.
31. The main purpose of Paragraph 2 is to ________.
A. introduce the following opinion B. introduce a research result
C. show the finding is important D. conclude different ideas
32. How does the writer prove (证明) his idea
A. By offering numbers. B. By using others’ words.
C. By listing past findings. D. By making comparisons (比较).
33. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A. Importance of helping our future selves. B. Ways of connecting with our future selves.
C. Reasons for changing our way of thinking. D. Possibilities of us becoming our future selves.
34. What does the article want to tell us
A Making future plans makes a difference. B. Our future selves look like other people.
C. Getting to know our future selves is meaningful. D. Our choice affects the life of strangers.
35. Where does this text probably come from
A. A storybook. B. A weather report. C. A travelling guide. D. A science magazine.
一、单项填空
1.【答案】A
【详解】句意：——妈妈，今晚我可以玩电脑游戏吗 ——先完成作业，然后我们再谈论。
考查动词形式辨析。Finish完成，是动词原形；Finished一般过去式；Finishing动名词形式；To finish动词不定式。根据“and then we’ll talk about it.”可知本句是祈使句，需以原形动词开头，故选A。
2. 【答案】A
【详解】考查名词的用法。由上句句意“汤米，你不可以让其他人知道我今天告诉你的话”可推出本句句意：不要担忧，我会保密的。keep the secret意为“保守秘密”。故选A。
3.【答案】D
【详解】句意：我的父母很少给自己买新衣服，但是他们在为我花钱方面却很慷慨。
考查固定搭配及反身代词。buy sth. for sb.意为“为某人买某物”，根据主语“my parents”和“but they are so generous when they spend money on me.”可知，该处表达的是很少给他们自己买衣服，用反身代词themselves。故选D。
4. 【答案】B
【详解】句意：——与其一直做作业，不如出去享受阳光怎么样？——好的。我马上就来。
考查短语。Because of因为；Instead of而不是；As if好像；Not only非但。根据“doing your homework all the time, what about going out to enjoy the sunshine ”可知，此处指的用“出去享受阳光代替写作业”，Instead of表示“代替，而不是”。故选B。
5. 【答案】A
【详解】句意：——小心别把我的杯子从桌子上摔下来！——我会小心的。但你应该把它放在一个更安全的地方。
考查动词短语。knock off撞掉；knock away打掉；put away收起来；put off推迟。根据“Be careful not to…my glass…the desk!”可知，此处指的是不要把杯子从桌子上撞下来，填knock off。故选A。
6. 【答案】A
【详解】句意：——不要把你的问题留给自己。为什么不跟我分享呢？——你真好。我真得需要你的帮助和支持。
考查特殊疑问句。why not do sth=why don’t you do sth“为什么不做某事”，选项C句式错误，what about doing sth“做某事怎么样”。题干中空格后是动词原形，因此用why not句式。故选A。
7.【答案】B
【详解】句意：——现在是八点。我们去购物中心好吗？——现在是交通高峰期。我们等到九点吧。那时路上的车就会少一些。
考查名词的数和形容词比较级。根据“It’s rush hour now.”可知 ，九点车会更少，traffic是不可数名词，表示“较少的”用less修饰。故选B。
8. 【答案】C
【详解】句意：三十年前，金陵饭店是南京最高的建筑。但现在，它旁边的建筑是它的两倍高。
考查形容词原级。higher更高的；highest最高的；high高的；the highest最高的。as ... as表示“和……一样”，中间用形容词原级。故选C。
9. 【答案】B
【详解】句意：下列哪个单词可以放在下面的思维导图中？
考查形容词辨析。looks表情；patient耐心的；handsome帅气的；feeling感觉。根据“personality”可知思维导图主要是关于个性的形容词，选项B符合语境。故选B。
10. 【答案】D
【详解】句意：——我很担心明天的数学考试，我担心这次不能通过。——振作起来！我相信你会成功的。
考查情景交际。No problem没问题；That’s right没关系；Don’t mention it不用提；Cheer up振作起来。当对方表达担忧时，通常用“Cheer up”来鼓励对方振作、保持积极心态。故选D。
二、完形填空
【答案】11. B 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. A 16. B 17. D 18. B 19. A 20. C
【导语】本文介绍了“熟能生巧”这个故事的由来以及表示的意思。
【11题详解】
句意：一天，他在自己的场地上练习射箭。
watching观看；practising练习；making制造；seeing看见。根据“archery in his own field”可知，他在练习射箭。故选B。
【12题详解】
句意：他十次射箭有八九次射中靶心，因此他为自己的技艺感到非常骄傲。
proud骄傲的；full满的；interested感兴趣的；fond喜欢的。根据“This hurt Chen Yaozi’s pride.”可知，他为自己的技术感到非常骄傲。故选A。
【13题详解】
句意：但他注意到人群中有一个卖油的老人。
arrow箭；coin铜钱；oil油；thread线。根据“He then scooped out some oil with a gourd”可知，老人卖的是油。故选C。
【14题详解】
句意：那你觉得我的射箭技术怎么样？
power权力；energy能量；skills技术；practice练习。根据“...of his skills.”可知，此处是在询问射箭技术怎么样。故选C。
【15题详解】
句意：还可以，但没什么特别的。
nothing没什么事情；anything任何事情；something一些事情；everything所有事情。根据“You’ve gained your accuracy from a lot of practice. That’s all.”可知，老人认为他的射箭技术没什么特别的。故选A。
【16题详解】
句意：然后老人把一个瓶子放在地上，用一枚铜钱盖住瓶子的口，铜钱的中间有一个小方洞。
face脸；mouth口；nose鼻；leg腿。根据“held it high and began to fill the bottle.”可知，此处指用铜钱盖住瓶口。故选B。
【17题详解】
句意：现在，一根油线正好通过硬币的孔进入瓶子里。
onto在……之上；along沿着；across横穿；through（从内部）穿过。根据“the hole of the coin”可知，此处指油穿过瓶口的硬币流入瓶子。故选D。
【18题详解】
句意：每个人都惊讶地看着。
joy欢乐；surprise惊讶；anger愤怒；fear恐惧。根据“The crowd could not help giving him a big cheer, but the old man stopped them.”可知，其他人都对老人的行为感到惊讶。故选B。
【19题详解】
句意：老人倒完油之后，把硬币拿给大家看。
showed展示；watched观看；offered提供；gave给。根据“he...the crowd the coin.”可知，此处指把硬币展示给人们看。故选A。
【20题详解】
句意：后来，人们用“熟能生巧”这个成语来表达某人经过大量的练习后熟练地做某事。
Besides此外；However然而；Later后来；Soon不久。此处表示那个故事之后，人们使用“熟能生巧”这个成语，故选C。
三、阅读理解
A
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. A
【导语】本文主要讲的是Helen和Jim对于学校旅行的总结和看法。
【21题详解】
细节理解题。根据“We visited the science museum and it was really interesting.”和“We took the train to the museum.”可知他们去的是博物馆，故选B。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据“All in all, it was an exciting day.”可知Helen觉得这是令人激动的旅行，故选C。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Today I went on a school trip. We visited the science museum and it was really interesting.”和“I think today’s school trip was terrible. We took the train to the museum.”可知Helen和Jim去了同样的旅行，但感觉却不同。故选A。
B
【答案】24. A 25. D 26. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者目睹了年轻夫妇帮助一个小男孩，而这个小男孩转身又帮助了一位老人的感人故事。
24题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Just at that moment, a well-dressed young couple (夫妇) walked towards him...He gave the boy a meal box”可知，是一对年轻夫妇中的年轻男人给了那个男孩一个饭盒。故选A。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据“It’s too much for a man at my age.”可知，老人认为那对他那个年龄的老年人来说太多了，故可推测出，他其实是想为这个男孩节约出一些食物。故选D。
【26题详解】
细节理解题。根据“My parents and I sat on the bench in Washington, Union Station, waiting for the train”可知，作者和父母坐在车站的长椅上。根据“Just at that moment, a well-dressed young couple (夫妇) walked towards him.”和“He gave the boy a meal box.”可知，一个年轻人给了那个可怜的男孩一个饭盒。根据“Suddenly he stopped. In the direction (方向) to which he looked, I saw an old man in rags (衣衫褴褛的)—in a worn sweater, worn trousers and open shoes, entering the hall.”可知，一个衣衫褴褛的老人进入了候车厅。根据“Dad went away and soon returned with cups of hot chocolate and a big pizza. Mum and Dad went up to those in rags, ‘Excuse me.’”可知，作者的爸妈买了食物送给无家可归的人。因此正确的顺序是④③②①。故选C。
C
【答案】27. A 28. B 29. C 30. A
【导语】本文介绍了竹蜻蜓的历史、对造飞机的影响及制作过程。
【27题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Just like its name, bamboo dragonfly looks like a dragonfly. Bamboo dragonfly is made of bamboo. Bamboo dragonfly has two parts. One is the bamboo handle. The second is the wings.”可知，竹蜻蜓是由竹子制成，像蜻蜓一样。故选A。
【28题详解】
词句猜测题。根据“Fold one side along the dotted line and glue it. Fold the other side on. Then glue it again.”可知，此处指把另一面也用胶水粘在一起。故选B。
【29题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Insert two thin bamboo strips into two small holes one by one and stick them with glue.”可知，将两根细竹条分别插入两个小孔中，并用胶水粘牢。故选C。
【30题详解】
最佳标题题。根据通读文章可知，本文主要介绍了竹蜻蜓的历史、对造飞机的影响及制作过程。故选A。
D
【答案】31. A 32. C 33. B 34. C 35. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了自己与未来自己之间的关系，以及如何与未来的自己建立更紧密的联系。
【31题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Brain imaging shows that when people think about their future selves, their brain patterns are similar to those when they think about strangers. This finding shows that, in the mind’s eye, our future selves look like other people.”可知，当人们想到未来的自己时，他们的大脑模式与他们想到陌生人时的大脑模式相似。提出了本文的观点，在大脑的眼中，我们未来的自己看起来和其他人很像。故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据“A paper showed that...”和“In a project led by Joseph Reiff,...”可知，作者通过列举过去的调查发现来证明自己的观点。故选C。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据“So how can we better help our future selves and feel more connected to them ”可知，第四段主要介绍了如何与未来的自己建立更紧密的联系。故选B。
【34题详解】
主旨大意题。根据“If we can treat our future selves as if they are people we love, care about and want to support, we can start making choices for them that improve our lives—both today and tomorrow.”可知，如果我们能像对待我们爱的、关心的和支持的人那样对待未来的自己，我们就能开始为他们做出改善我们今天和明天生活的选择，因此了解未来的自己很有意义。故选C。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文是一篇有关自己与未来自己之间关系的科普类文章，能够在科学杂志上读到。故选D。

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