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动词的时态和语态
高 三 英 语
二 轮 专 题复习之语 法 复 习
（一）动词常见十种时态
考点 分类及构成(以do为例) 用法 热身训练·先练后背
现在时态 一般现在时(do/does) 经常性、习惯性的动作或现在的状态 ①He________(go) to school every day.
②The train________(start) at nine.
③If he________(come) this afternoon，we’ll have a meeting.
时间表等按计划、规定要发生的动作 状态和感觉的动词 在时间、条件状语从句中，现在时态代替将来 goes
starts
goes
现在时态 现在进行时(am/is/are doing) 此时此刻正在进行的动作 ④He__________(watch) a football match now.
按计划安排近期发生的动作 ⑤I____________(leave) for Beijing tomorrow.
与always，constantly连用，表示感彩 ⑥He________always ________(help) others.
is watching
am leaving
is
helping
现在时态 现在完成时(have/has done) 在说话之前动作已经完成，强调对现在的影响，句中没有具体时间 ⑦We____________(have) our breakfast.
动作开始于过去，持续到现在 ⑧He____________(study) English for 5 years.
在时间和条件状语从句中，用现在完成时表示将来某时完成的动作 ⑨I’ll go to your home when I________________(finish) my homework.
have had
have studied
have finished
现在时态 现在完成进行时(have/has been doing) 动作开始于过去，持续到现在。强调动作可能还在进行并持续下去，有时强调动作的重复 ⑩He________________(work)on this project these days, but hasn’t completed it.
has been working
过去时态 一般过去时(did) 过去某时发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作 He________(work) in a factory for three years and now he is a soldier.
过去经常发生的动作 During last vacation I often________(swim) in the sea.
worked
swam
过去时态 过去进行时(was/were doing) 过去某一时刻正在进行的动作 He____________(read) a novel when I came in.
与always，constantly连用，表示感彩 As a child, she________always________(come) late for school.
was reading
was
coming
过去时态 过去完成时(had done) 过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态，强调“过去的过去” I____________(learn) 3,100 words before I entered the university.
表示愿望、打算一类的词，如：hope，expect，mean，intend，want，think，suppose等，其过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或意图。 I____________(intend) to come over to see you last night，but someone called and I couldn’t get away.
had learned
had intended
过去时态 过去将来时(would do) 从过去的某时间看将来要发生的动作或状态 They were sure that they____________(succeed)．
would succeed
将来时态 一般将来时 (will do) 将来某一时刻的动作或状态，或将来某一段时间内经常性的动作或状态 Don’t worry－the rain_________(stop) soon.
(am/is/are going to do sth.) 打算、计划、安排在最近要做某事或有迹象要发生的事 When are you going ____________(answer) him
(am/is/are to do sth.) 按计划或安排将要发生的动作；表示命令或吩咐 The meeting is ____________(hold) next Monday.
will stop
to answer
to be held
将来时态 将来进行时(will be doing) 在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作 When he comes to my house tomorrow, I will ____________(write) the report.
将来完成时(will have done) 在将来某一时间以前已完成的事情 We will _______________ (finish) our task by the end of next month.
be writing
will have finished
（二）固定句式中的动词时态
固定句式 热身训练·先练后背
This/It is the first/second... time that从句。“某人第几次做某事” 从句一般用现在完成时。如果把is改成was，则that从句用过去完成时 ①This is the first time that I____________(come) here.
It is/has been＋一段时间＋since 从句。since从句中用一般过去时 ②It is/has been a long time since we___________(meet) last time.
Sb. have/has done...since 从句。 since从句中用一般过去时 ③I______________(write) many articles since I last saw you.
Sb. was/were doing ... when...did.... 此句式中的when是并列连词，相当于and suddenly ④They______________(read) when Tom shouted in pain.
have come
met
have written
were reading
Hardly had...done...when.../ No sooner had ...done...than... “一……就……”。 when和than从句用一般过去时，主句用过去完成时。否定词hardly和no sooner置于句首，句子要部分倒装 ⑤Hardly/No sooner ________I________(get) home when/than the rain poured down.
It will be＋一段时间＋before...do/does...“不久之后..就” ⑥It won’t be long before he______________(succeed)．
It was＋一段时间＋before...did...“多久后才....” ⑦It________(be) ten years before they met again.
had
got
succeeds
was
（三）语态
常用被动语态 构成(以ask为例) 常用被动语态 构成(以ask为例)
(1)一般现在时 am/is/are asked (6)过去进行时 was/were being asked
(2)一般过去时 was/were asked (7)现在完成时 have/has been asked
(3)一般将来时 shall/will be asked (8)过去完成时 had been asked
(4)过去将来时 should/would be asked (9)一般/过去将来完成时 will/would have been asked
(5)现在进行时 am/is/are being asked (10)含有情态动词的 can/must/may be asked
惯用搭配 汉语中有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：
It is believed that...　It is generally considered that...　
It is said that... It is well known that...　
It must be pointed out that...　It is supposed that...
It is reported that...　It must be admitted that...　
It is hoped that...
下面主动形式常表示被动意义。如：
The window wants/needs/requires repairing.　
The book is worth reading twice./The door won’t shut.
The play won’t act./The dress washes well.
The book sells well./The dish tastes delicious.
The water feels very cold.
热身训练·先练后背 ①You can’t move into the new house－it ________________(paint) now.
②We had to turn around, because the road ahead __________________(repair)．
③He___________________(train) for a month before he took up this job.
④It________________(report) that the leaders of many foreign countries___________(invite) to watch the V Day parade.
⑤It________(feel) comfortable to lie on the beaches, bathing in the sunshine.
is being panited
was being repaired
has been trained
is reported
are invited
feels
1. Those who__________ (express) themselves in a more real way—or at least presented themselves on Facebook in a way closer to how they viewed themselves…
2. With the cultural exchanges among different countries all over the world, they also ________(begin) to spread to Vietnam, Japan, and Singapore in the 20th century.
3. Ant Forest, a green project by the world’s leading payment and lifestyle platform Alipay, _________ (receive) the “U. N. Champions of the Earth” award in September, 2019.
4. Once, she ________________ (wonder) how to complete a scene set in ancient China when the doorbell suddenly rang.
expressed
began
received
was wondering
5. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is an essential part of China. Originating in the Zhou Dynasty and symbolized by the Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor, TCM _________________ (save) lives and curing diseases as the “national medicine” for the past two thousand years or so.
6. When I went to the theatre, there were two women ahead of me in line. I heard one lady ask for a ticket for the same movie I ____________________ (see). I offered her my extra free ticket.
7. And up to now, 85% of the students ____________ (join) us and enjoyed the simple but eco-friendly life.
8. Later on, I mentioned the incident of meeting the chief boss to my colleagues. And I realized that I ____________ (make) a big fool of myself.
has been saving
would see/was to see
have joined
had made
9. In the UK, the law states that riding one on the public highway or pavement _____________ (forbid).
10. Our planet is at a tipping point, which may result in natural disasters unless urgent actions __________ (take) immediately.
11. In the third century BC, the full stop(句号) or period __________________ (introduce) by Greek literary critic Aristophanes of Byzantium.
12. The Great Exhibition _________(hold) in 1851 as the first exhibition to showcase industrial design on an international scale (规模), contributing to American mass production.
13. Within 24 hours, his post _________ (read) 1.67 million times, and more than 50,000 followers signed the commitment.
is forbidden
are taken
was introduced
was held
was read
14. The British biologist Richard Owen incompletely described its body in papers that ________________ (publish) in 1861.
15. Over the years, many things __________________
(add) to the story of St Nicholas, changing him to the Father Christmas we know of today.
16. For centuries, this simple counting device (设备) _____ _______________ (pass) down through different dynasties with its original design and purpose actually unchanged.
17. Kites _________________ (fly) in Japan for hundreds of years. In the 1100s, kites were flown in autumn to give thanks for a good harvest.
were published
have been added
has been passed
have been flown
18. So Woo Sing ________ (strike) the boy in the glass, but he only hurt his own hand and went crying to his father.
19.But the dog, after sniffing around for a bit, ____ (lie) down and began to complain about how difficult it was to find one bone in such a big field.
20.Due to the hard training they __________ (do) before, their performances were very impressive.
21. He was in good condition so someone had been caring for him, but not the people from whom he ___________ (steal). He and his human mommy were so glad to see one another again!
22. They ___________(call) latchkey children —they are children who look after themselves while their parents work. And their bad situation has become a subject of concern.
struck
lay
had done
was stolen
are called
23. I noticed a man sitting at the front. He _______________ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.
24. Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle, ______ (look) at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.
25. This is the first time that our whole class ___________ (go) out together for a picnic.
26. Hardly had the game begun when it ________ (start) raining.
27. The real reason why prices ______(be), and still are, too high is complex, and no short discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
was pretending
look
have gone
started
were

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