资源简介

(共21张PPT)
非谓语动词
导入
句子1: He reads books every day.
句子2: He likes reading books.
句子3: He has a book to read.
句子4: The book written by him is popular.
非谓语动词的定义
不能单独做谓语，可作主语、宾语、定语、状语等的动词形式，无人称和数的变化。
1.动词不定式
一、基本形式
基础式：to + 动词原形（如to do, to study）
否定式：not to + 动词原形（如not to go, not to forget）
省to情况：情态动词后（can/may/must）、使役动词后（make/let/have）、感官动词后（see/hear/watch）
例：He made me laugh. / I see her sing a song.
二、核心句法功能（附例句）
1. 作主语：表具体/一次性动作，常用it作形式主语
正：To learn English well is important.
更优：It is important to learn English well.
2. 作宾语：接在特定动词后，熟记高频词：want/hope/decide/plan/try/wish/agree
例：I want to travel around the world.
3. 作表语：跟在系动词（be/become/seem）后，表主语的内容/目的
例：My dream is to be a teacher.
4. 作定语：后置修饰名词，表“要做的事/用途”
例：I have a book to read. / a pen to write with.
5. 作状语：表目的/结果/原因（最常用：目的状语）
目的：To catch the bus, she ran fast.
结果：He is too tired to walk on.
6. 作宾补：跟在宾语后补充说明，常见于ask/tell/teach/allow等动词后
例：My teacher told me to study hard.
高频易错点
1. 不定式作定语时，不及物动词需加相应介词（如a room to live in，而非to live）
2. 省to的不定式在被动语态中要还原to：He was made to work all day.
3. 特殊结构：too...to...（太……而不能）、enough to do（足够……去做）
例：The box is too heavy to carry. / She is old enough to go to school.
即时小练习（单句填空）
1. It’s easy ______ (answer) this question.
2. She hopes ______ (see) you soon.
3. I have something ______ (tell) you.
4. He asked me ______ (not be) late.
5. We go to school ______ (study) knowledge.
to answer
to see
to tell
not to be
to study
2.动名词
一、基本形式
基础式：动词原形+-ing（如doing, reading, playing）
否定式：not + 动名词（如not going, not studying）
复合结构：形容词性物主代词/名词所有格 + 动名词（表逻辑主语，如his coming, Tom’s arriving）
例：复合结构作宾语时，可换宾格/普通名词（I remember him coming./I remember Tom coming.）
二、核心句法功能（附例句）
动名词具名词特性，可作主语、宾语、表语、定语，表泛指/习惯性/抽象性动作
1. 作主语：直接放句首，也可用it作形式主语（少见，多表具体动作）
例：Reading is a good habit. / It’s no use crying over spilt milk.
2. 作宾语：接在特定动词/介词后，是核心考点，需熟记高频搭配
接动名词的高频动词：enjoy/finish/practice/mind/avoid/suggest/keep/consider
例：She enjoys dancing. / I avoid making mistakes.
接动名词的高频介词：in/on/at/for/without/after/before + doing
例：He is good at swimming. / I go to school without having breakfast.
3. 作表语：跟在系动词后，与主语表同一概念，不可用不定式替换
例：My hobby is painting. / His job is teaching.
4. 作定语：前置修饰名词，表该名词的用途/功能
例：a swimming pool（泳池，用于游泳）/ a reading room（阅览室，用于阅读）
高频易混点（与不定式对比/易错用法）
1. 接不定式/动名词，意义相同：like/love/start/begin/hate
例：I like to read / reading books.
2. 接不定式/动名词，意义不同（核心必记）：
forget to do（忘记去做，未做）/ forget doing（忘记做过，已做）
remember to do（记得去做）/ remember doing（记得做过）
stop to do（停下当前事，去做另一件）/ stop doing（停止做当前事）
try to do（努力去做）/ try doing（尝试做）
mean to do（打算做）/ mean doing（意味着）
3.现在分词和过去分词
二者均具形容词/副词特性，可作表语、定语、状语、宾补；核心区别：现在分词表主动/进行，过去分词表被动/完成。
一、基本形式
现在分词（doing）：动词原形+-ing；否定式：not doing
过去分词（done）：规则动词+-ed，
不规则动词需熟记（see-seen/write-written/make-made）；否定式：not done
二、核心句法功能（对比讲解+例句）
1. 作定语（前置/后置）
现在分词：与被修饰词主动关系，表“正在做…的/具有…特性的”
前置：a running boy（正在跑的男孩）；an exciting story（令人兴奋的故事）
后置：the girl singing in the room（在房间唱歌的女孩）
过去分词：与被修饰词被动关系，表“被…的/已完成的/感到…的”
前置：a broken cup（被打碎的杯子）；a surprised girl（感到惊讶的女孩）
后置：the book written by Lu Xun（鲁迅写的书）
2. 作表语（跟在系动词后，表主语特征/状态）
现在分词：主语多为事物，表“令人…的”
例：The movie is interesting. / The news is shocking.
过去分词：主语多为人，表“感到…的”
例：I am interested in the movie. / She is shocked at the news.
固定搭配：be interested in / be excited about / be surprised at
3. 作状语（表时间/原因/伴随/让步，逻辑主语为句子主语，核心考点）
现在分词：逻辑主语与动作主动关系
时间：Walking along the street, I saw a friend.（走在街上时，我看到了朋友）
伴随：He sat there, reading a newspaper.（他坐在那儿，看着报纸）
过去分词：逻辑主语与动作被动关系
原因：Tired of the work, she left the company.（因厌倦工作，她离职了）
时间：Seen from the hill, the city looks beautiful.（从山上看，这座城市很美）
4. 作宾补（跟在宾语后，补充说明宾语动作/状态）
现在分词：宾语与动作主动关系，表“正在进行”，
常见于see/hear/watch/keep/ find等动词后
例：I saw him playing basketball on the playground.（我看到他正在操场打篮球）
过去分词：宾语与动作被动关系，表“已完成/被影响”，
常见于have/get/make/see/hear等动词后
例：I had my hair cut yesterday.（我昨天剪了头发）
例：She found her bag stolen.（她发现包被偷了）
高频易错点
1. 分词作状语时，逻辑主语必须与句子主语一致，否则需加独立主格（如：The weather being fine, we went out.）
2. 表心理活动的分词：-ing修饰事物，-ed修饰人
（易错：an excited boy √ / an exciting boy ×）
3. 使役动词后宾补：
have sb. doing（让某人一直做）/ have sth. done（让某事被做）
单项选择
1. It is necessary for us ______ English well.
A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learned
2. He finished ______ the book yesterday evening.
A. read B. reading C. to read D. reads
3. ______ the road, you must be careful.
A. Cross B. To cross C. Crossing D. Crossed
4. I have a letter ______ this afternoon.
A. to write B. write C. writing D. wrote
5. The girl ______ under the tree is my sister.
A. stand B. standing C. to stand D. stood
6. My mother told me ______ late for school.
A. not be B. not to be C. don’t be D. not being
7. It’s no good ______ about the result now.
A. worry B. to worry C. worrying D. worried
8. ______ by the beautiful view, we forgot the time.
A. Attracting B. Attracted C. Attract D. To attract
9. I saw him ______ basketball when I passed the playground.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. played
10. Her dream is ______ a famous singer in the future.
A. become B. to become C. becoming D. became
11. He avoided ______ me in the street yesterday.
A. meet B. to meet C. meeting D. met
12. ______ enough time, we can do the work better.
A. Give B. Giving C. Given D. To give
13. Would you mind ______ the window It’s cold outside.
A. close B. closing C. to close D. closed
14. I want ______ a new computer for my study.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. bought
15. The ______ news made all of us very happy.
A. excite B. exciting C. excited D. to excite

展开更多......

收起↑