资源简介

(共52张PPT)
1.前缀ex-：exchange是由前缀ex-和change组成，可理解为“拿……出去换成……”，其基本含义是“交换”，前缀ex-在此译为“向外，出去”，如：export v.出口，输出；expose v.暴露；express v.表达，挤压出。ex-也可译为“前任的，以前的”，如：ex-president n.前任总统；ex-wife n.前妻。
2.后缀-ion/-sion/-tion/-ation/-ition：有一些动词变为名词时常在词尾加这类后缀，如：react→reaction；expect→expectation；admit→admission；
recognize→recognition。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)You are exceeding the speed limit! Slow down or you’ll be punished!
______(猜加颜色词义)
(2)It is reported that ice age bones are being excavated.
(3)These are gifts my ex-boyfriend gave me，but I’m not sure if I should keep them.
(4)Whenever I am in trouble，it is you that come to my assistance without (hesitate).
(5)We launched the campaign with the (intend) of raising people’s awareness of protecting the environment.
______
________
超出
挖出
前男友
hesitation
intention
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
3.名词后缀-er，-or
teenager是由形容词teenage＋后缀-er组成的名词，意为“处于青少年时期的人”，即“青少年”。survivor是由动词survive＋后缀-or组成，意为“幸存下来的人”，即“幸存者”。
4.英语中常见的表示人的名词后缀还有-ee，-ar，-ist，-ian等
employ→employee/employer；interview→interviewee/interviewer；train→
trainee/trainer(-ee结尾的名词表被动；-er结尾的名词表主动)
scholar学者；liar撒谎者；beggar乞丐；pedlar小贩
chemist化学家；dentist牙科医生；artist艺术家；pianist钢琴家
musician音乐家；historian历史学家；civilian平民；physician医师
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)She is an accomplished (violin) who has performed at Carnegie Hall.
(2)His success as a (comedy) was built on years of hard work and perseverance.
(3)The (govern) of the state addressed the public on the issue of educational reform.
(4)She will major in biology in university because she intends to be a _________(biology) in the future.
violinist
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
comedian
governor
biologist
(5)She received an excellent performance review from her ___________
(employ)，which led to a promotion.
(6)Over 200 (compete) entered the race，most of whom made it to the finish line with great effort.
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
employer
competitors
5.前缀trans-：transport是由前缀trans-＋port(搬运)组成，表示从一处搬运至另一处，因此意为“交通”。trans-作为前缀，主要表示“横过”“转移”“超过”或“变化”的意思。如：transatlantic adj.横渡大西洋的，大西洋彼岸的；transcribe vt.转录，抄写；translate v.翻译；transfer v.转移，转让；transcend v.超越，超出；transform vt.使改变，使改观。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)The insect’s wings are so thin that they seem to be transparent.
(2)The doctors successfully transplanted a new heart into the patient.
(3)The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over fifty countries.
(4)Environmental conservation has become a pressing transnational issue，requiring cooperation among all nations.
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
__________
________
____________________
__________
adj.透明的
v.移植
v.传送；传播；播送
adj.跨国的
6.英语中常见的形容词后缀有：
-able/ible，意为“能……的；可以……的”，如：changeable，reliable，comfortable，accessible，sensible等；
-itive/-ive/-ative，意为“有……属性的；有某种倾向的”，如：active，positive，attractive，addictive，talkative等；
-ful，意为“充满，有”，如：useful，helpful，forgetful等；
-ous/-ious，意为“富含……的；有……品质的；像……的”，如：dangerous，delicious，glorious等；
-less，意为“没有，无”，如：careless，powerless，speechless，homeless等。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)The enthusiasm of the team was infectious，motivating everyone to work harder towards their goals.
(2)My trip to the Grand Canyon was an (forget) experience.
(3)She became (defense) when questioned about her actions last night.
(4)The endless arguments between the two of them had become ____________(meaning) and exhausting.
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
_______________
adj.有传染力的
unforgettable
defensive
meaningless
(2024·浙江1月)We’re not tempted by sugary treats，but by our computers，phones，and tablets—all the devices that connect us to the global delivery system for various types of information that do to us what marshmallows do to preschoolers.
[句式分析]　本句是　　　　句。句中含有“not...but...”结构。that connect...information和that do to us...preschoolers都是　　　从句，分别修饰先行词all the devices和various types of information；第二个从句中包含“A do to B what C do to D”这一固定句型，表示“A对B的作用就像C对D的作用一样”。
体验 —— 析真题长句　知高考难度
主从复合
定语
[尝试翻译]　___________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
体验 —— 析真题长句　知高考难度
诱惑我们的不是甜食，而是我们的电脑、手机和平板电脑——所有将我们与各种信息的全球传递系统连接起来的设备，这些信息对我们的作用就像棉花糖对学龄前儿童的作用一样。
7.副词后缀-ly，-ally：形容词变副词一般加-ly，但是basic，specific都是以-ic结尾的形容词，其变副词需要在后边加-ally，该类副词还有：academically学术上；scientifically科学上；dramatically戏剧性地；ironically具有讽刺意味地；enthusiastically热切地；energetically精力充沛地；automatically自动地。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
8.常见的副词后缀还有：
-wise(表示“以……方式”)，如：likewise同样地；otherwise否则，要不然；
-ward(s)(表示方向或趋势)，如：afterward(s)后来；upwards(s)向上；backward(s)向后；eastward(s)向东等；
-s(表示时间、地点)，如：downstairs在楼下；upstairs在楼上；outdoors在户外；indoors在室内；nowadays当今，现在。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)She married the prince and they lived (happy) ever after.
(2)She finds it (extreme) difficult to get a job that has a flexible schedule.
(3) (ironic)，the book that she felt was her worst sold more copies than any of her others.
(4)There is no doubt that he is much better off than he used to be moneywise.
(5)The mountain air is fine in the evening of the day，and flying birds return together homewards.
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
________________
__________
adv.在金钱方面
adv.回家
happily
extremely
Ironically
9.否定前缀dis-/un-/in-：
（1）dis-作为否定前缀有两种意思，表示“不，没有，除去”，如：dishonest不诚实的；disorder无秩序；disappear消失；discourage使泄气；还表示“分开，分离”，如：distract分心；dismiss解散，开除；discriminate 区分，辨别；歧视
（2）un-作为否定前缀，主要加在名词，形容词，副词之前，如：unemployment失业；unfinished未完成的；undoubted无疑的；undoubtedly毫无疑问
（3）in-作为否定前缀，加在形容词，名词之前，如：incorrect不正确的；inaccurate不准确的；inactive不活跃的；inability无能，无力
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)The children’s bright smiles dispelled all his gloom and tiredness.
___________(猜加颜色词义)
(2)The police approached the suspect with caution，aiming to disarm him before making an arrest.
(3)One of the major (advantage) of living in a big city is the traffic jam.
(4) (fortunate)，my application for a full scholarship was rejected.
(5)Adam Smith used an “ (visible) hand” to describe the role of the market.
____________________
消除，驱散
v.解除(某人)的武装
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
disadvantages
Unfortunately
invisible
10.否定前缀il-，im-，ir-：
（1）il-加在字母l之前，如：legal→illegal非法的；legible→illegible 难以辨认的；logical→illogical不合逻辑的
（2）im-加在字母m，p，b之前，如：mature→immature不成熟的；possible→impossible不可能的； polite→impolite不礼貌的；balance→imbalance 不平衡
（3）ir-加在以r开头的词前，如：regular→irregular不规律的；responsible→irresponsible不负责任的；replaceable→irreplaceable不可代替的
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)Many Chinese women were illiterate in ancient times.
(2)The irrational income distribution is one of the factors that cause the social instability.
(3)The parts (relevant) to the topic of the essay should be cut out.
(4)It’s (responsible) to leave young children unsupervised near a busy road.
(5)It is obvious that some of his early works are (mature) for lack of experience.
__________________
__________
文盲的，不识字的
不合理的
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
irrelevant
irresponsible
immature
11.英语中常见的名词后缀-ment/-osity/-ity/-ty/-ness
（1）-ment：加在动词后面，表示一种状态、行为或过程的结果、性质或方式。如amaze→amazement惊奇；advertise→advertisement广告；equip→equipment设备
（2）-osity/-ity/-ty：表示一种特质或状态。如curious→curiosity好奇心；generous→generosity慷慨；pure→purity纯洁，纯度；major→majority大多数；loyal→loyalty忠诚
（3）-ness：表示状态或品质，通常加在形容词后面，如rude→rudeness粗鲁；happy→happiness幸福；kind→kindness善良；good→goodness善良，美德
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)The little boy picked up the bottle with a note inside out of (curious).
(2) (equal) means that everyone has the same rights and opportunities in life.
(3)She showed great (selfless) by giving up her seat to an elderly lady on the bus.
(4)In order to enhance our fire (safe) awareness，a fire drill will be conducted in our school.
(5)The team’s (commit) to winning the championship was evident in their hard training.
curiosity
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
Equality
selflessness
safety
commitment
12.形容词后缀-ed/-ing：以后缀-ed结尾的形容词，通常用于修饰人，如：excited，frightened，interested，delighted，moved等，-ed结尾的形容词还可以形容人的声音，表情等，如an embarrassed look尴尬的表情；以后缀-ing结尾的形容词多用来修饰事物，表示事物具有令人产生某种情绪的特征，如：exciting，frightening，interesting，moving等。
13.名词后缀-er/-ee：两者均可加在动词后构成表示人的名词，区别在于
-er结尾的名词表示主动者或执行者；-ee结尾的名词表示被动者或接受者，如interview→interviewer(采访者)→interviewee(被采访者)
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)So were we that we didn’t believe the news was true.
(shock)
(2)Undoubtedly，the was satisfied with these performance.
(train)
(3)The (examine) walked around the classroom to make sure no one was cheating.
(4)Honestly speaking，most housewives can be of the and endless housework.(tire)
(5)He had a smile on his face，which suggested that he was ________ with the arrangement.(please)
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
shocked
shocking
trainer
trainees’
examiner
tired
tiring
pleased
pleased
14.后缀-ate：
（1）可以用来构成动词，表示“赋予某物；给予……性质”，如decorate(装饰)，originate(起源于)，participate(参与)等；
（2）可以用来构成形容词，表示“充满……的；有……性质的”，如considerate(体贴的)，appropriate(合适的)，accurate(准确的)等；
（3）可以用来构成名词，表示“地位或职能”，如graduate(毕业生)，electorate(全体选民)，doctorate(博士学位)等。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)She is a strong advocate for women’s rights and equality in the workplace.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (猜加颜色词义)
(2)She has a moderate approach to exercise，balancing cardio with strength training.
(3)Please activate your account by clicking on the link in the email we just sent you.
(4)I feel very (fortune) to have been given this opportunity to travel around the world.
_________
____________
_________
n.倡导者
adj.适度的
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
fortunate
v.激活
15.动词后缀-ize/-ise：表示“成为；使”或“以……方式说/对待”，其所构成的动词一般表示抽象动作，如memorize(记忆)，recognize(认出)，criticize(批评)，advertise(做广告)，realize(实现)，organize(组织)，socialize(交际，使适应社会)等。
16.名词后缀-ing：此类名词有三种意义：①表示行为、状态及情况，aging(老化)，swimming(游泳)；②表示与行为有关的物品，如building(建筑物)，clothing(衣物)，carving(雕像；雕刻品)；③表示某种行业或某种方法，如printing(印刷术)，fishing(渔业)，farming(农事，农业)。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)He (special) in chemistry and has made a number of new discoveries.
(2)She sincerely (apology) for her rude behavior and promised to be more considerate in the future.
(3)As soon as I entered the office，I received a warm (greet) from my colleagues.
(4)He majored in marketing at university and now works as a brand manager for an international company.
(5)She carefully selected the bedding for her new bedroom，choosing soft，cotton sheets and a cozy pillow.
___________
_______________
市场营销
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
specializes
床上用品，寝具
apologized
greeting
17.前缀im-/in-：表示“在……内；进入；向”，如immigrant是由前缀im-(表示“向内，进入”)＋migrant(移民，迁徙)组成，意为“(外来)移民；外侨”，再如implicit(内含的)；import(进口)；include(包含，包括)；insert(嵌入)；indoor(在室内)等。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)She always wants to impose her will on other people.
(2)He was imprisoned for life after being convicted of murder.
(3)Children do not know by instinct the difference between right and wrong.
(4)The doctor injected the patient with a pain-relieving medication to ease his discomfort.
(5)The company decided to incorporate feedback from its customers into the design of its new product.
______________
______
____________
____________
_____________
把……强加给
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
监禁
本能，天性
给……注射
吸收；使并入
18.前缀micro-：表示“微，小”，用于构成名词、形容词、副词，如：microscope(显微镜)，microchip(微芯片)，microscopic(需用显微镜观察的)等；表示小的前缀还有mini-，如：minibus(小型公共汽车)，minimum(最小值)，minimal(最低限度的)。
19.表示“宏伟，大”的前缀 macro-/maxi-：如macrophage(巨噬细胞)，macrostructure(宏观结构)，macroscopic(肉眼可见的)，maximum(最大限度的)，maximal(最大的)。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)My hand shook so much that I could hardly hold the microphone.
(2)To reduce the size of my HTML document，I minified it before saving it.
(3)Microorganisms are of great significance to Earth’s ecology.
(4)Economic growth is one of the core issues in the macroeconomics field.
(5)The two sisters were dressed in different styles，one in minidress，the other maxidress.　　　　　　　　　　　　
______________
______________
________
____________
____________ __________
话筒，麦克风
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
使缩小，压缩
微生物
宏观经济学
超短连衣裙
拖地长裙
20.后缀-en/前缀en-：broaden是由形容词broad(宽阔的)＋后缀-en组成，意为“(使)变宽；(使)扩大”。en可以加在形容词或名词前或后，使之变成动词，表示“使处于……状态；置于……之中；使成为；使变得”，如：large→enlarge，rich→enrich，danger→endanger，wide→widen，short→shorten等。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)Please enclose a recent passport-sized photograph of yourself.
(2)The bird，which had escaped from its cage，was quickly recaptured and encaged again.
(3)Regular exercise helps to (strong) the heart and improve overall health.
(4)In the distance，the sky began to (bright) and we were ready to head for the destination.
__________
__________
随函附上
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
关入笼中
strengthen
brighten
21.后缀-ic：(1)带有后缀-ic的单词通常是形容词，表示“属于……的，有……性质的，关于……的”，如sympathy→sympathetic(有同情心的)；drama→dramatic(戏剧性的)等；-ic结尾的单词也可以作名词，表示“人或学科”或“某种病”。如critic n.批评家；mechanic n.技工，机械师；logic n.逻辑学；analgesic n.镇痛剂；antibiotic n.抗生素。
(2)-ic结尾的形容词在变副词时要在其后加-ally。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)Developing a (strategy) plan is crucial for the success of any business.
(2)The (tragedy) news of their son’s sudden death threw the whole family into despair.
(3)The students were (enthusiasm) about participating in the science fair and spent weeks preparing their projects.
(4)Upon hearing the news，I was surprised to find that my friends reacted so ______________(dramatic) to the decision.
(5)He sent an apologetic email to his colleagues，explaining the reasons for his unexpected absence. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(猜加颜色词义)
____________________
adj.道歉的；愧疚的
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
strategic
tragic
enthusiastic
dramatically
22.前缀fore-：fore-作前缀表示“在前面”或“在之前”，如foresee(预见)、forewarn(预先警告)、forearm(前臂)、forehead(前额)、forefather(祖先)等；在英语中，其他表示“前置”或“提前”的前缀还有“pro-”“pre-”等，如preview(预习)、prehistoric(史前的)、prologue(序言，开场白)、prospect(远景，预期)等。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)Country music was undoubtedly one of the forerunners of rock and roll.
(2)This episode carries a foreshadow of what is to follow later on in the story.
(3)The preface of the book includes an account of the author’s life.
(4)Some people believe that our lives are predestined，thinking everything is decided by fate.
________________
______________
_______
___________________________
n.先驱，先行者
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
n.预示，先兆
n.前言
adj.命中注定的；上天安排的
23.名词后缀-ism：一般表示“主义、论、学说、制度、行为、现象、状态、疾病、性质等”。如socialism(社会主义)，atomism(原子论)，alcoholism(酒精中毒)，heroism(英雄主义)，capitalism(资本主义)，impressionism(印象派)等。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1) (tour) is a major industry in many countries，bringing in revenue and creating jobs.
(2)Despite the challenges we face，I remain filled with (optimistic) that we will overcome them together.
(3)Confucianism is a Chinese school of thought that emphasizes human morality and correct personal behaviour.
(4)This film presents pure escapism，but as a matter of fact，we must accept reality bravely.
(5)In the contemporary western world，rapidly changing styles cater to a desire for novelty and individualism.
__________
___________________
___________________
儒家思想
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
Tourism
optimism
逃避现实，逃避主义
利己主义，个人主义
24.前缀inter-：在单词internal (adj.内部的；里面的)、intervene (vi.干预；介入)、interpret (vt.口译)中均含有前缀inter-，表示“在……之间，相互”。它通常用于构成与“中间位置”“相互关系”或“两者或多者之间的交互”有关的词汇。如intersection (十字路口)；international(国际的)；interpersonal(人际的)、interview(采访，面试)等。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)Both language and culture are interdependent and inseparable.
(2)Our company frequently engages in inter-company cooperation with our sister companies to share resources and expertise.
(3)While observing traditional rules，he uses accurate lines，powerful brush movement as well as the interplay between dark and black to represent the harmony of nature.
_______________
_______________________
____________
adj.相互依赖的
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
adj.跨公司的；公司间的
n.相互作用
25.名词后缀-ption/-ation：像动词assume和consume这样以-me结尾的单词变名时，通常去掉末尾的e，后加-ption变为assumption和consumption。以be结尾的动词变名词时，也多遵循同一规则，如describe→description；
subscribe→subscription；也有些以m结尾的动词变名词时后加ation，如confirm→confirmation；inform→information等。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)Protective gloves reduce the (absorb) of chemicals through the skin.
(2) (transcribe) is the vital bridge between spoken words and written records.
(3)My profession had an important influence on the (form) of my character and temperament.
(4)The moment I heard the (confirm) of my acceptance，all my anxiety vanished into thin air.
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
absorption
Transcription
formation
confirmation
26.动词后缀-fy/-ify：通常用来表示“使成为”“使发生”或“使具有某种性质”，如：purify(使……洁净)；beautify(使变美，美化)；qualify(使合格)；classify(分类)等。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)The scientist modified the experiment to get better results.
(猜加颜色词义)
(2)Her anxiety about the world was amplifying her personal fears about her future.
(3)To improve understanding，the teacher aimed to simplify the complex math concepts by breaking them down into smaller parts.
____________
____________
______
修改，调整
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
放大；增强
简化
27.后缀-ant：来自法语，有两种用法：1.加在动词词根之后，如果构成名词，此时一般表示该动作的主动发出者(人或物)。如：applicant(申请者)、participant(参与者)、accountant(会计)、assistant(助手)等；2.加在动词词根之后，如果构成形容词，表示事物的形式或特征，如：abundant(丰富的)、brilliant(杰出的)、constant(恒定的)、distant(遥远的)等。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)It is the easiest of crops to grow and is seemingly (resist) to any disease.
(2)My grandparents were (immigrate) who came to this country seeking a better life.
(3)The inhabitants of the desert region have adapted to living with limited water resources.
(4)The concert was attended by a large crowd of music lovers，with security attendants present.
____________
______
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
resistant
immigrants
居民，居住者
服务员
28.后缀-ent：可以加在动词或动词词根后，构成相应的形容词或表示行为者的名词。
（1）-ent充当形容词后缀时，意为“……的”，此类形容词往往有对应的以-ence或-ency结尾的表行为的名词。如：absent→absence(缺席)、 present→presence(出席)。
（2）-ent作名词后缀时，意为“……的人”，即表示该行为的主动者，如correspondent(记者)、agent(代理人，代理商)等。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1) (patient) is the key that unlocks the door to wisdom and success.
(2)Most of the (respond) agreed with his suggestion.
(3)I would appreciate it a lot if you can reply to me at your earliest _____________(convenient).
(4)Increasing the (frequent) of practice has significantly improved my English speaking skills.
(5)Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.
______
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
Patience
respondents
convenience
frequency
透明的
29.形容词后缀-some：通常用于形容词和名词的构词中，表示“具有……的特性”或“引起……的状态或行为”，如fearsome(很可怕的)、troublesome(令人烦恼的)等。
30.名词后缀-ure：放在动词词根后面，构成抽象名词，既可以表示动作、状态或行为，如pleasure(快乐)、closure(关闭)、pressure(压力)等；也可以表示动作或行为产生的结果，如creature(生物)、sculpture(雕刻品)等。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)The task is too burdensome to be completed by himself.
(2)Though he was quarrelsome by nature and often stubborn，he was always gentle with children.
(3)As far as I am concerned， (fail) is not the opposite of success but part of the journey.
(4) (expose) to diverse cultures broadens one’s perspective and fosters empathy towards others.
(5) (depart) is a time for reflection，a moment to cherish memories and gather strength for the journey ahead.
______
__________
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
繁重的
喜欢争吵的
failure
Exposure
Departure
31.前缀under-：表示“在……之下，低于；下面的，从属的，次的；不足”。如undergrowth＝under＋growth(生长)→(长在大树下或周边的)下木层，灌木丛；underground＝under＋ground(地面)→在地(面)下，地铁；understatement＝under＋statement(表述)→轻描淡写，保守的说法。
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
(1)For Christmas my brother and I got new underwear，one toy and one book.
(2)There is no denying that the worst thing you can do is underestimate an opponent.
(3)The underofficer was responsible for overseeing the daily training exercises of the new recruits.
(4)The project was underfunded and that was why we had to abandon it halfway.
(5)I even worked on a commercial fishing boat in Alaska a couple of summers while I was an undergraduate.
____
____
________
_____________________
_______________________
积累 —— 构词法　学一法　会一类
内衣
低估
下级官员
对……提供的资金不足
大学本科生，大学肄业生

展开更多......

收起↑