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语法填空和应用文作文
讲评课件
语法填空
本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍“锅气”的定义、形成条件，以及作者作为专业厨师，分享在家中厨房做出“锅气”的秘诀。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ask a Cantonese cook what “wok hei (锅气)” is, and the matter-of-fact description might refer to it as “that smoky flavor”. A more poetic one comes from Chef Steph Li, the owner of Savory Kitchen, ____56____ describes it as a quality achieved from “that ____57____ (mystery) taste of the restaurant oil and the ___58___ (noticeable) deeper restaurant browning.” My dad has always been a wok hei lover — that restaurant magic is his gold standard.
Wok hei can only happen when food ____59____ (cook) at very high heat. Unfortunately, that heat is hard to achieve on a home stove top. ____60____ a professional cook, I’ve spent 15 years ____61____ (experiment) with wok hei in a home kitchen. Last year, I finally got there.
The secret doesn’t just come from using a hot stove top. It’s also important to use the right kind of woks — and Steph Li expresses a preference for ____62____ (one) made with carbon steel. There are two extra things a home cook can do: One is to add soy sauce around the edge of the wok ____63____ (give) food a “seared (焦的) soy sauce flavor”. The second is to take a kitchen torch (火枪) in a method called “torch hei” — that involves spreading food in a single layer on a baking sheet ____64____ “giving it a few leisurely passes with a torch”. When I cook with a carbon steel wok and add some seared soy sauce to the mix, I can almost smell ____65____ breath of the wok — and suddenly, it’s like I hear my dad pushing open my kitchen door, saying, “I like the food here.”
56. who 57. mysterious 58. noticeably 59. is cooked 60. As
61. experimenting 62. ones 63. to give 64. and 65. the
【56题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：另一种更具诗意的描述来自美味厨房的老板斯蒂芬 李，他将其描述为一种“来自餐厅食用油的神秘味道和更明显的餐厅式焦褐色”所带来的特质。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Chef Steph Li，指人，且定语从句中缺少主语，需用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。
57题详解】
考查形容词。句意：另一种更具诗意的描述来自美味厨房的老板斯蒂芬 李，他将其描述为一种“来自餐厅食用油的神秘味道和更明显的餐厅式焦褐色”所带来的特质。此处修饰名词taste，需用形容词作定语；mystery的形容词形式是mysterious“神秘的”。故填mysterious。
【58题详解】
考查副词。句意：另一种更具诗意的描述来自美味厨房的老板斯蒂芬 李，他将其描述为一种“来自餐厅食用油的神秘味道和更明显的餐厅式焦褐色”所带来的特质。此处修饰形容词比较级deeper，需用副词；noticeable的副词形式是noticeably “明显地”。故填noticeably。
【59题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：只有当食物在极高温度下烹饪时，才能产生锅气。空处为从句谓语动词，主语food与cook是被动关系，且描述客观事实，故应用一般现在时的被动语态，food不可数，助动词用is。故填is cooked。
【60题详解】
考查介词。句意：作为一名专业厨师，我已经花了15年时间在家中厨房尝试做出锅气。此处表示“作为……”，需用介词as，位于句首首字母大写。故填As。
【61题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：作为一名专业厨师，我已经花了15 时间在家中厨房尝试做出锅气。spend + 时间 + doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，因此空处用experiment的动名词形式，作宾语。故填experimenting。
【62题详解】
考查代词。句意：选择合适的锅也很重要——斯蒂芬 李表示偏爱用碳钢制成的锅。此处指代前文提到的woks，且泛指“某一类锅”，为避免重复，用代词ones（指代可数名词复数）。故填ones。
【63题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：一是沿着锅边淋酱油，让食物带有“焦酱油味”。句中已有谓语动词is，空处应用非谓语动词，此处“添加酱油”的目的是“给食物‘焦酱油味’”，需用不定式作目的状语，故填to give。
【64题详解】
考查连词。句意：第二种方法是使用厨房火枪，这种方法被称为“火枪气”——包括将食物在烤盘上摊成一层，然后用火枪慢慢烤几遍。空格前spreading food in a single layer on a baking sheet和空后giving it a few leisurely passes with a torch是顺承关系，需用连词and连接两个并列成分。故填and。
【65题详解】
考查冠词。句意：当我用碳钢锅烹饪，并在食材中加入一些焦酱油时，我几乎能闻到锅的气息——突然间，我仿佛听到爸爸推开我厨房的门说：“我喜欢这里的菜。” 此处是特指锅所散发的气息，需用定冠词the修饰，表特指。故填the。
翻译
问一位粤菜厨师什么是 “锅气”，他会据实将其描述为 “那股烟火味”。而美味厨房的主厨斯蒂芬 李则给出了更富诗意的解读，她将锅气诠释为一种风味特质，由 “餐馆食用油那玄妙的滋味，以及餐馆烹饪中尤为明显的深焦色炒制效果” 共同造就。我的父亲向来钟爱锅气 —— 这份餐馆里的烹饪魔力，是他评判菜肴的黄金标准。
唯有食材在高温烹炒时，才能产生锅气。可惜的是，家用灶台很难达到这样的火候。作为一名专业厨师，我花了 15 年时间，在自家厨房摸索打造锅气的方法。去年，我终于做到了。
打造锅气的秘诀，并非只靠烧旺灶台。选对炒锅也至关重要 —— 斯蒂芬 李就偏爱碳钢材质的炒锅。家庭烹饪者还能做两个小技巧：一是沿锅边淋入酱油，为食材增添一层 “焦香豉油味”；二是用厨房火枪打造 “火枪气”—— 具体做法是将食材平铺在烤盘上，再用火枪缓缓燎烤数遍。当我用碳钢炒锅烹饪，再加入些许焦香豉油时，几乎能嗅到炒锅的生命气息—— 那一刻，仿佛能听见父亲推开厨房门，说着：“这儿的菜，我爱吃。”
发言稿：
假定你是李华，你加入学校英语辩论社一年来，英语进步很大。请你写一篇发言稿，在班级英语学习经验交流会上分享，内容包括：（1）你的经历；（2）你的收获和启发。
注意：（1）写作词数应为80左右；（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。
Dear classmates,
I’m glad to share my English learning journey with all of you.
__________________________________________________________________
Thank you!
Dear classmates,
I’m glad to share my English learning journey with all of you. A year ago, I signed up for our school’s English Debate Club. At first, I lacked confidence. Thankfully, my teammates were incredibly supportive — they encouraged me to look for debate resources online and break down different perspectives on each topic. After months of consistent practice, I slowly grew more confident, and I could finally express my ideas clearly during debates.
I’ve gained two important takeaways from the experience. First, learning English through real-life scenarios like debates helps you master English much faster. Second, learning English in a group means you can get timely help when you’re stuck.
I hope my story can give you some useful inspiration, and I wish you great fun in your English learning! Thank you!
翻译
亲爱的同学们：
大家好，我很荣幸能和大家分享我的英语学习历程。一年前，我报名参加了学校的英语辩论社。起初，我十分缺乏自信。所幸的是，我的队友们给予了我莫大的支持 —— 他们鼓励我在网上搜集辩论资料，还和我一起剖析每个辩题的不同观点。经过数月的坚持练习，我慢慢变得自信起来，最终能够在辩论中清晰地表达自己的观点了。
这段经历让我收获了两个重要的感悟。第一，通过辩论这类真实场景学习英语，能让我们更快地掌握这门语言。第二，参与小组式的英语学习，遇到难题时能及时得到同伴的帮助。
希望我的经历能给大家带来一些有益的启发，也祝愿大家在英语学习的路上收获满满的乐趣！谢谢大家！
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。题目要求学生以李华的身份写一篇发言稿，分享自己在校英语辩论社积累的英语学习经验，应首先描述个人经历，再谈收获和启发。
【详解】1. 词汇积累 缺少：lack → be short of/be deficient in
激励某人做某事：encourage sb. to do → motivate sb. to do
寻找：look for → seek/search for 收获：gain → obtain/attain
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Thankfully, my teammates were incredibly supportive — they encouraged me to look for debate resources online and break down different perspectives on each topic.
拓展句：I am thankful that my teammates were incredibly supportive — they encouraged me to look for debate resources online and break down different perspectives on each topic.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First, learning English through real-life scenarios like debates helps you master English much faster. (运用了动名词作主语)
【高分句型2】Second, learning English in a group means you can get timely help when you’re stuck. (运用了动名词作主语、省略引导that的宾语从句以及when引导的时间状语从句)
读后续写
【导语】故事以人物为线索展开，讲述纽约市炎热的一天，作者和朋友吃早午餐、取新眼镜后乘火车返程。车上一位衣衫陈旧但整洁的黑人老先生主动问候众人并唱歌，多数乘客无视他，作者却很喜欢这如同礼物的音乐，还跟着轻声和声，打算把钱包里的5美元给他。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was a hot day in New York City. I had brunch with a friend and picked up my new glasses. All done and headed back on the train. I wanted to yell at a couple of people for their rude behavior, but wisely just sat quietly.
An old black gentleman entered the far end of the train car. In worn but neat clothes, he tipped his faded cap and greeted everyone with a warm “Good afternoon, folks.” Most ignored him, with cold blank faces. Then, he started to sing. I didn’t turn my head, but I felt a smile in my soul. Many people ask for money on the train, but I always feel happy when someone offers music instead. It feels like a gift.
I let the notes settle in for a second before my eyes wandered. A young boy across from me, maybe ten, watched him, swaying (摇摆) to the rhythm, his mother too distracted by her phone to notice.
He started his second song and my heart did a happy dance. “Lean on me, when you’re not strong. I’ll be your friend...” I love that song! Without thinking, I softly sang a little harmony with him. Right away, I decided he could have the $5 bill in my purse.
He looked tall and thin, but he had a strong voice and kind energy. Life had clearly been hard for him, but he still stood tall and carried himself with quiet dignity.
I rolled the bill tightly and waited for him to make his way to me. He held the overhead bar to steady himself as he inched down the car, pausing briefly beside each seat like he was waiting for a sign — though no one glanced up. No one was making any moves to give him coins or reach for their wallet.
翻译
那是纽约城一个酷热的日子。我和朋友吃完早午餐，取了新配的眼镜。诸事办妥后，我便乘地铁返程。车上有几个人行为粗鲁，我险些忍不住厉声斥责，还好最终理智地选择了安静静坐。
一位黑人老先生从车厢另一头走了进来。他衣着陈旧却整洁，摘下褪色的帽子，用温暖的声音向所有人问好：“各位下午好。” 大多数人都漠然置之，脸上毫无表情。接着，他开始唱起歌来。我没有转头，心底却悄然漾起笑意。地铁上常有不少人伸手乞讨，可每当有人用歌声带来美好，我总会心生欢喜，那歌声，就像一份珍贵的礼物。
我沉浸在歌声里片刻，目光不经意间飘向别处。对面坐着一个约莫十岁的小男孩，正跟着旋律轻轻摇摆，他的妈妈却只顾着看手机，对此浑然不觉。
老先生唱起了第二首歌，我的心也跟着欢快地跳动。“当你脆弱无助时，依靠我吧。我会做你的朋友……” 这是我最爱的歌！我下意识地轻声和着，为他唱了一段和声。那一刻，我便决定，要把钱包里那张 5 美元的钞票送给他。
他身形瘦削高挑，歌声却铿锵有力，周身透着温和的气息。生活显然待他苛刻，可他依旧昂首挺胸，一举一动都透着内敛的尊严。
我把钞票紧紧卷好，等着他走到我身边。他扶着头顶的扶手稳住身体，一点点慢慢挪着脚步穿过车厢，在每个座位旁稍作停留，仿佛在等待一丝回应 —— 可始终没人抬头看他一眼，更没人伸手掏钱、拿出硬币。
注意：(1) 续写词数应为 150 左右；(2) 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1: Somehow, he noticed me singing along._______________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2: It was still hot and sticky inside the car, but something had changed.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Somehow, he noticed me singing along. He looked up and slowly walked toward me, his eyes shining with surprise and warmth. I slipped the rolled bill into his rough hand, and he gave me a grateful nod. Then, leaning closer, he whispered, “Sing with me, sister.” Without hesitation, I joined him. Our voices blended, his strong and soulful, mine soft but steady. For a moment, the crowded train car felt like a tiny concert hall, filled not with heat and impatience, but with harmony.
It was still hot and sticky inside the car, but something had changed. One by one, passengers lifted their heads, listening. The young boy’s swaying turned into clapping, his laughter breaking through the dull silence. A few others began humming along, and even his mother put down her phone. When the song ended, coins and bills appeared in the man’s cap from every direction. He stood taller, pride glowing in his smile, and I felt a quiet joy — proof that even in a weary city, music could open hearts and bring strangers together.
翻译
不知怎的，他察觉到了我在跟着唱。他抬起头，缓缓朝我走来，眼里闪着惊喜又温暖的光。我把卷好的钞票塞进他粗糙的手掌，他满怀感激地朝我点了点头。接着，他凑近一些，轻声说：“和我一起唱吧，妹妹。” 我毫不犹豫地加入了他。我们的歌声交融在一起，他的嗓音浑厚深情，我的轻柔却坚定。那一刻，拥挤的地铁车厢仿佛变成了一间小小的音乐厅，里面没有燥热与烦躁，只盈满了和谐的旋律。
车厢里依旧闷热潮湿，可有些东西已然不同。乘客们一个个抬起头，静静聆听。那个小男孩不再只是跟着摇摆，而是拍起了手，清脆的笑声划破了沉闷的寂静。还有几个人也跟着低声哼唱，就连他的妈妈也放下了手机。歌声落下时，硬币和纸币从四面八方落入老人的帽子里。他的腰杆挺得更直了，笑容里满是自豪的光彩，而我心中也漾起一股淡淡的喜悦 —— 这便是最好的证明，纵使在这座疲惫的城市里，音乐也能叩开人们的心扉，让素不相识的人紧紧相依。
【详解】1.段落续写
①根据第一段首句“不知怎么的，他注意到我在跟着唱。”可知，接下来可描写他靠近作者，并邀请作者一起合唱，他们歌声改变了车厢的氛围。
②根据第二段首句“车里仍然又热又粘，但有些事情发生了变化。”可知，接下来可描写乘客们的变化（注视着、跟着哼唱、给钱）以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索：他注意到作者——靠近作者并邀请合唱——改变车厢的氛围——乘客们也加入（有的注视着、有的哼唱）——作者的感悟
3.词类激活
行为类
①走向：walk toward/approach
②交织：blend/mix
③抬起：lift/raise
情绪类
①温情：warmth/affection
②感激的：grateful/appreciative
【点睛】【高分句型1】He looked up and slowly walked toward me, his eyes shining with surprise and warmth.（运用了“名词+现在分词”的独立主格结构）
【高分句型2】 He stood taller, pride glowing in his smile, and I felt a quiet joy — proof that even in a weary city, music could open hearts and bring strangers together.（运用了that引导的同位语从句）

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