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第五章 语法填空
第二节 语法填空解题技巧—给提示词类
中职英语高考专项讲解
Learning Objects
After learning this lesson, you’ll be able to:
根据句义及句型结构，掌握填写名词、代词、形容词和副词、动词形式变化的技巧
语法填空考点情况一览表
题型特点 考点分布情况
纯空格题 冠词、介词、代词、连词等
有提示词 名词 名词复数、名词所有格、名词的形容词形式等
代词 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等
形容词、副词 词性转换、比较级、最高级
动词 动词时态、动词语态、非谓语动词、虚拟语气、主谓一致、分词形容词化、
动词的名词形式、动词的副词形式等
备注：纯空格题还可能涉及对why,however, besides等副词的考查；对助动词的考查；对情态动词的考查；对某些名词的考查(以短语为重点)等。 特点：变
如：Tom is one of the Chinese (boy) in our school
解析：one of +可数名词复数，故填boys。
如：This is the （teacher）reading room.
解析：从reading room.可以推出是多数老师的阅览室，因此用teachers的所有格，故填teachers’。
点拨一 所给词：名词
考点一 变复数形式：+s/es
考点二 变名词所有格：~’s
boys
teachers’
如：（1）success--successful--successfully--succeed
（2）I am happy because I am becoming a （difference）person.
解析：difference位于名词person 前，起修饰作用，因此，要变成形容词，故填different。
点拨一 所给词：名词
考点三 变形：变形容词、副词、动词等
different
人称代词的主格在句中作主语，宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语。
如：Jim’s father bought (he) some interesting toys on his birthday.
形容词性物主代词 + 名词
名词性物主代词，后不加名词（=形容词性物主代词 + 名词）
如:To save class time, he has （he）students do half of the exercises in class...
考点一 变：人称代词
考点二 变：物主代词
him
his
点拨二 所给词：代词
考点三 变：反身代词
反身代词常放在动词和介词后，翻译为“...自己”。
另外，会涉及到固定搭配，如enjoy oneself(玩得开心)，需积累。
注意：主语要与反身代词的“人称”和“数”保持一致。
如：He saw (he)in the mirror.
himself
点拨二 所给词：代词
副词修饰动词、形容词、副词、或整个句子
形容词修饰名词，放在名词前。
点拨三 所给词是形容词或副词
考点一 互变：形变副，副变形
注意：①系动词后+形容词，如感官动词feel happy。
②有些以ly结尾的词是形容词，如lonely(孤独的）
如：
1.“Thirty-five cents,”she said (rude)
2. (surprising), he finished the work all by himself.
rudely
Surprisingly
比较级的标志：than, much/even/a little后修饰比较级
最高级的标志：
点拨三 所给词是形容词或副词
考点二 变级：比较级与最高级
①be + the + 最高级+单数名词 + in/of（范围） “...是...中最...的”
②be + the +one of the 最高级+复数名词+ in/of（范围） “..是...中最...之一”
注意：熟悉规则、不规则的形容词的比较接和最高级构成
如：
1.I felt (happy) than I had expected that night.
2.The Yangtze River is the (long) river in China.
happier
longest
点拨三 所给词是形容词或副词
考点三 变形：词性转换
考虑句子中充当的成分，若是谓语，用动词；
若是主语，则用名词。
如：
1.successful---succeed--- - success
2. Smoking is not only bad for the (healthy) of the smokers.
health
语法填空题中给提示词的解题技巧
点拨四 所给词：动词
考点一 变时态：-ed（过去式）、be doing（进行时）、have done （现在完成时）、had done（过去完成时）、will do (将来时)
先判定句子是否有谓语，如果提示词是作为谓语，则首先考虑时态
如：The old gentleman (think) that this was a good opportunity to teach the boys.
注意：这里要求同学们掌握《动词不规则变化表》
thought
考点二 变语态：be done (by...)
当确认提示词是谓语后，与主语存在被动关系，考虑根据时间和动作存在的方式，确定相应时态的被动语态。
如：About 12% of deaths in this country (cause) by heart disease，but there are only about 50 heart doctors.
句意：“这个国家大约12%的死亡是由（被）心脏病引起的”
are caused
点拨四 所给词：动词
非谓语动词
to + v.
v. + ed (过去分词)
v. + ing (现在分词)
表目的、将来；固定搭配
表被动，做伴随状语
表习惯、主动，做伴随状语
作主语、宾语
点拨四 所给词：动词
当句中已有谓语，又不是并列谓语时，则填非谓语动词。
考点三 变非谓语动词：to +v., v.+ing, v.+ed
如：
Then Mr. Puluet decided (design) a tool for village doctors so that they could send the heart pictures...
The headmaster went into the classroom, (follow)by the foreign guests.
He sat in the chair, (read) a newspaper.
to design
followed
reading
点拨四 所给词：动词
如：
A clever student is usually good at （ask） questions.
考点四 动词的介宾结构：介词+v. ing
考点五 变形：词性转换
需要思考形容词、副词的作用。
如：
succeed---successful-- successfully-- success
My (suggest)is that we should send for a doctor at once.
asking
suggestion
Do exercises
I was certain she would like it because I was ____(tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.
One of the _____(bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher.
Before a ____(week) holiday began, Mr. Smith, their history teacher, tested his students.
I can download information from ____(she) memory.
Do exercises
I was certain she would like it because I was ____(tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.
One of the _____(bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher.
Before a ____(week) holiday began, Mr. Smith, their history teacher, tested his students.
I can download information from ____(she) memory.
Answers:
told 2. worst 3.week’s 4. her
Summary
语法填空解题技巧——给提示词类
1. 名词 复数形式、变名词所有格、变形
2. 代词 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
3. 形容词、副词 互变、变级、变形
4. 动词 时态、语态、非谓语动词、介宾结构、变形
变
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