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(共47张PPT)
专题一 阅读理解
题组四 推理判断（二）
A
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自然
（2025·江苏南京二模）
Anyone who has ever been around a cat for any length of time
well knows cats have great patience. Yikes! My cat changed a lot
recently. In just a week or so, my calm, adorable, long-haired Rusty
turned into the attack cat of the century! It was not what I needed at
all! Wasn't the rest of my life in enough chaos Changes at work.
Changes in relationships. I already felt as if my entire world was
falling apart. Nothing calmed my cat down either. He ran and dove in
every direction. He broke every single rule we had ever had to keep
peace in the home we shared. He'd turned into a cat I'd never met
before! Finally, I took Rusty to the vet. After careful examination, the
vet shook his head, “Not a thing is wrong with him, Miss. He's
doing great.”
“No,” I argued with anger, “he's not great. He's absolutely awful.”
I almost burst into tears.
Then the vet asked the most insightful question that anyone had
ever asked me—at least, anytime recently. “So,” said my cat's
kindhearted vet, “how has your life been going lately ” Shock shot
through me. “Me ” I stared at him, essentially speechless, ready to
throw myself into his cat-cradling arms. I managed a relatively
coherent response. “Not so good,” I admitted.
The kindly cat doctor nodded and replied, “Just what I suspected.
Often, the human-to-cat bond is so powerful that a perfectly healthy
cat will act out in response to his host's emotional stresses.”
I nodded along, thinking. “Yes. yes. yes. yes. yes!”
“Do your best,” our doctor told us both, “to be calm, patient and
kind. Once you're doing better, then Rusty will do better, too.”
That day turned us around. I got some good, professional
treatment for my super stressors.
Rusty got a kinder, gentler me with more ear touches and back
petting.#1.10
1. Why did the author take Rusty to the vet ( )
C
A. He suffered heavy hair loss.
B. He lost his sense of direction.
C. He became unusually wild.
D. He showed temporary inactivity.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中“In just a week or so, my calm,
adorable, long-haired Rusty turned into the attack cat of the century!”
以及“He broke every single rule we had ever had to keep peace in
the home we shared. He'd turned into a cat I'd never met before!
Finally, I took Rusty to the vet.”可知，作者带Rusty去看兽医是因为它
变得异常凶猛。故选C。
2. The author nearly cried because she thought ___.
B
A. the vet announced good news
B. the vet didn't find the problem
C. the vet didn't express sympathy
D. the vet drew an awful conclusion
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中“After careful examination, the vet
shook his head, ‘Not a thing is wrong with him, Miss. He's doing
great.’”和第二段中“‘No,’ I argued with anger, ‘he's not great. He's
absolutely awful.’ I almost burst into tears.”可知，作者几乎哭出来是
因为她认为兽医没有发现问题。故选B。
★3. What does the underlined sentence imply ( )
A
A. The author felt understood by the vet.
B. The author was impatient with the vet.
C. The author favored the treatment for Rusty.
D. The author knew Rusty was to recover soon.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段可知，兽医跳过猫的症状直接关注主
人，揭示猫的行为与主人情绪的关联，而作者震惊源于被洞察内心压
力（前文提到工作、人际关系混乱，但无人过问）。由此可推知，作
者觉得兽医理解了自己的处境。故选A。
★4. How did the author feel after visiting the vet ( )
A
A. Relieved and calm. B. Amused and proud.
C. Motivated and passionate. D. Grateful and determined.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后两段“That day turned us around. I got
some good, professional treatment for my super stressors. Rusty got a
kinder, gentler me with more ear touches and back petting.”可推知，
作者在看完兽医后感到宽慰和平静。故选A。
词汇积累
1.adorable adj.可爱的，讨人喜爱的
2.fall apart破裂，崩溃
3.burst into突然爆发
4.insightful（insight+ful）（派） adj.富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的
5.suspect v.觉得；怀疑
6.in response to作为对……的答复/回应
7.turn around好转，扭转，有起色
8.stressor（stress+or）（派） n.导致紧张的事件
9.inactivity（in+activity）（派） n.不活泼
B
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我
（2025·浙江宁波二模）
My fingers trembled as I signed the pre-medical application form.
The watercolor brushes on my desk stared back at me like abandoned
friends. I'm Lora, an 18-year-old who secretly drew brain diagrams on
napkins while classmates drew cartoons. “Art feeds the soul but
starves the body,” Mom always said. Her words haunted me as my
biology textbooks slowly buried my drawing pads.
Then came the school career fair that changed everything. Dr.
Eleanor Whitman from Harvard asked us to list our “hidden skills”.
My hand shook as I wrote “observing details”—something I'd learned
from painting flower petals. “That's medical research's most needed
skill!” she exclaimed, sharing how a student turned microbiology notes
into textbook illustrations. My lab partner whispered, “Remember our
photosynthesis （光合作用） comic ” For the first time, my two
worlds didn't feel so separate.
The real surprise came during hospital volunteering. Watching
surgeries, I noticed something—the steady hands of doctors reminded
me of my brushwork. When a boy struggled to describe his pain, I
drew a fire-breathing dragon on his cast. “You made medicine speak,”
the nurse said. Slowly, my drawing pads filled with cells that looked
like colored-glass art and X-rays arranged like abstract paintings.
Mr. Dawson, our career counselor, helped connect these dots. On
his whiteboard, my medical knowledge and art skills overlapped in a
bright yellow circle labeled “Medical Illustration”. He showed me job
listings I never knew existed—graphic designers for science apps, 3D
modelers for anatomy （解剖） classes. “Your ‘impractical’ skill
makes you stand out,” he said, pointing to my dragon drawing now
used in pain management workshops.
Today, my microscope and paintbrushes share the same desk. The
same hands that once hesitated between them now create 3D models
of viruses for vaccine education. Sometimes I teach young patients to
draw their feelings instead of describing them. My story isn't about
heart and reality canceling each other out—they just multiply
possibilities.#1.7
★5. What can be inferred about Lora from paragraph 1 ( )
C
A. She had given up the hobby of drawing.
B. She was excited about studying medicine.
C. She felt torn between art and medical study.
D. She regretted not practicing painting earlier.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段中“‘Art feeds the soul but starves the
body,’ Mom always said. Her words haunted me as my biology
textbooks slowly buried my drawing pads.”可知，Lora 在艺术和医学
学习之间难以抉择，感到很纠结。故选C。
6. Dr. Eleanor thought of Lora's “hidden skills” as ___.
A
A. a plus B. leisure C. a distraction D. a burden
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中Eleanor Whitman博士说的话“That's
medical research's most needed skill!” 可知，Eleanor博士认为Lora的
“隐藏技能”是一个优势。故选A。
★7. How did Lora's hospital experience influence her ( )
D
A. It helped develop her surgical skills.
B. It directed her toward doctor training.
C. It boosted her enthusiasm for abstract art.
D. It convinced her of art's role in healthcare.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段中“When a boy struggled to describe
his pain, I drew a fire-breathing dragon on his cast. ‘You made
medicine speak,’ the nurse said.”可推知，Lora 在医院的经历让她确信
艺术在医疗保健中也有作用。故选D。
★8. What message does the author want to convey ( )
D
A. Follow the beaten track to success.
B. A picture is worth a thousand words.
C. Don't put all your eggs in one basket.
D. Two strings to your bow light the way.
[解析] 推理判断题。文章主要传达了拥有两种技能（艺术和医学知识）
可以照亮人生道路，带来更多可能性的信息。所以文章传达了“双管齐
下，照亮道路”的观点。故选D。
词汇积累
1.application（apply+ation）（派） n.申请
2.abandoned adj.被遗弃的，被抛弃的
3.fair n.职业介绍会；就业展览会（熟词生义）
4.plus n.优势;益处（熟词生义）
C
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·山东青岛三模）
In the digital age, teenagers are facing a challenge that has never
happened—the constant battle for their attention. A 2023 study
published in the Journal of Adolescent Health reveals that the average
teenager switches between digital tasks every 19 seconds, resulting in
a 40% decline in mental processes of understanding compared to
focused work.
Continuous partial attention, termed by researchers, occurs when
individuals attempt to monitor multiple digital streams together without
fully concentrating on any single one. Unlike purposeful multitasking,
this state leaves teenagers in a repeated condition of mental overload.
Professor Linda Stone, who first identified the behavior, explains, “It's
not that teens can't focus—it's that their focus is always divided.”
The neurological （神经系统的） impacts are particularly
concerning during the teenage years, a critical period for brain
development. MRI scans （扫描）demonstrate that heavy media
multitaskers show less dense gray matter in the anterior cingulate
cortex（ACC）, the brain region responsible for emotional control and
decision-making. A 2021 Stanford study revealed that teens who
engaged in frequent media multitasking had 15% weaker ACC
activation during tasks compared to those who focused on single tasks.
This physical change correlates with increased anxiety levels and
decreased academic performance observed in numerous case studies.
However, the solution isn't as simple as removing technology
entirely. Digital literacy （读写能力） expert Dr. Mark Prensky argues
that digital natives process information differently than previous
generations. Instead of removing devices, educators should teach
“attention literacy”—the skill of consciously choosing when and how
to engage with technology. Some schools experiment with focus
training and they report 30% improvements in students' sustained
attention duration within six months.
Parents play an equally crucial role. One way to support this is
to establish “protected spaces” in homes where devices are set aside,
allowing for uninterrupted face-to-face communication. The goal isn't
to blame technology blindly but to help teens develop the wisdom to
use it intentionally.#1.7
9. What does the underlined phrase “mental overload” in paragraph 2
refer to ( )
B
A. Constantly switching tasks.
B. Struggling to stay focused.
C. Taking in too much at once.
D. Feeling emotionally exhausted.
[解析] 词义猜测题。第二段描述了“continuous partial attention
（持续部分注意力）”的现象，即个体试图同时监控多个数字信息流，
而没有完全专注于任何一个。文章指出，这种状态会导致青少年陷入
“mental overload（心理过载）”。由此推断“mental overload”指的是无
法专注。故选B。
10. What is paragraph 3 mainly about ( )
D
A. How MRI scans are used to study the brain.
B. How avoiding screens benefits brain health.
C. Why media multitasking increases teen anxiety.
D. How media multitasking affects the teenage brain.
[解析] 段落大意题。第三段首先提出青少年时期是大脑发育的关键期，
多任务处理对神经系统的影响尤其令人担忧，随后通过 MRI扫描和斯
坦福大学研究具体说明重度媒体多任务处理如何导致大脑结构
（前扣带回皮层灰质密度降低）和功能（活跃度下降）的变化，并关
联到焦虑和学业问题。全段围绕媒体多任务处理对青少年大脑的影响
展开。故选D。
★11. Why does the author mention schools experimenting with focus
training ( )
B
A. To criticize the current trend.
B. To support a proposed solution.
C. To warn against technology overuse.
D. To introduce changes in modern education.
[解析] 推理判断题。第四段开篇指出解决方案并非完全移除科技，随
后引用专家观点提出应教授注意力素养，并以学校进行专注力训练为
例，说明该方法使学生注意力时长提升30%。这一案例是为了支持前
文提出的解决方案（培养注意力管理技能而非禁止设备），证明其有
效性。故选B。
★12. Why is “protected spaces” in homes suggested ( )
B
A. To support parental monitoring.
B. To promote mindful tech habits.
C. To improve academic performance.
D. To increase family time on digital devices.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“One way to support this is
to establish ‘protected spaces’ in homes where devices are set aside,
allowing for uninterrupted face-to-face communication. The goal isn't
to blame technology blindly but to help teens develop the wisdom to
use it intentionally.”可知，设立“无设备空间”的目的是让青少年暂时放
下设备，进行专注的人际交流，从而培养有意识、有节制地使用科技
的习惯。故选B。
词汇积累
1.purposeful（purpose+ful）（派） adj.有意义的；有目的的
2.multitask（multi+task）（派） v.多任务工作
3.demonstrate v.证明；证实；论证；说明
4.activation（active+ation）（派） n.激活
5.set...aside把……放到一旁（或搁到一边）
6.criticize v.批评，批判
长难句解读
原句 A 2021 Stanford study revealed that teens who engaged in
frequent media multitasking had 15% weaker ACC activation during
tasks compared to those who focused on single tasks.
分析 本句为主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，作revealed的宾语，其中
两个who都引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词teens和those，compared to...
为过去分词短语作状语。
译文 2021 年斯坦福大学的一项研究揭示，频繁进行媒体多任务处理
的青少年在任务过程中，其前扣带回皮层的激活强度比专注于单一任
务的青少年弱15%。
D
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然
（2025·浙江温州二模）
A dropped bag of chips disturbed a cave ecosystem in Carlsbad
Caverns National Park, New Mexico. This cave is almost cut off from
the outside world, so introducing anything foreign can be harmful.
“Things in the damp cave get wet quickly,” says park guide Ashley.
The snack attracts tiny organisms, causing unwanted growth.
Soon, small animals like crickets and spiders came to eat, spreading
the pollution. Rangers found the bag within hours. “But that can be
all it takes,” says Ashley. “I'm sure some crickets got a bit of the
snack.”
Over 500 million people visit American public lands each year,
creating many chances to harm wild places. “When you look at the
numbers, it's incredible,” says Watts, head of the Leave No Trace in
Colorado, an organization aimed at minimizing human impact on
nature.
Food waste takes a long time to break down, especially in certain
areas. “It takes much longer for an apple core to rot in a desert than
in a forest,” says Blye, a teacher at the University of Utah. Leaving
waste introduces animals to an unnatural diet and changes their
behavior with sometimes disastrous results. Bears who taste garbage
and become a threat to humans may have to be put down. “Bears can
get used to unnatural food in three weeks,” says Watts. “Everyone
loses in this case.”
Biological waste is also problematic. Dog waste brings new
bacteria into the ecosystem and scares away deer. Meanwhile, human
waste and toilet paper introduces dangerous bacteria into water
sources.
In national parks, trails （小路） are designed to avoid sensitive
areas. Stepping off the trail, even for a quick photo, can scare
wildlife away. Impacts from many visitors result in long-term damage
to nature and wildlife. But people don't think of that when they see
the perfect photo opportunity. “It's just such a hard thing to resist,”
says Blye. The risk to sensitive ecosystems isn't obvious. “It's easy to
think, oh, there's wildflowers over there. I shouldn't step on that,”
says Blye, but these tiny ecosystems full of microscopic organisms
essential to desert life provide many benefits, including reducing the
risk of erosion （侵蚀） and helping absorb rainfall, and can take
hundreds of years to return to its original state.#1.7
13. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 mean ( )
B
A. The rangers' work is efficient.
B. The damage has been done.
C. The cleanup takes a long time.
D. The pollution has spread widely.
[解析] 词句猜测题。根据画线句上文“Soon, small animals like crickets
and spiders came to eat, spreading the pollution.”以及下文“I'm sure
some crickets got a bit of the snack.”可知，在护林员发现薯片之前，
这袋薯片已经吸引了微小生物，导致了不必要的生物生长，蟋蟀和蜘
蛛等小动物也跑来觅食并扩散了污染。由此推知“But that can be all it
takes”意思是损害已经造成了。故选B。
14. What is a result of foreign waste in public lands ( )
A
A. A shift in animal behavior.
B. A shortage of food supplies.
C. A decline in bacterial species.
D. An increase in regional conflicts.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Leaving waste introduces
animals to an unnatural diet and changes their behavior with
sometimes disastrous results.”和“Bears can get used to unnatural food
in three weeks”可知，在公共土地上留下的外来垃圾会让动物接触到非
自然的食物，进而改变它们的行为。故选A。
★15. Why does the writer mention wildflowers in paragraph 5 ( )
D
A. To praise their benefits to desert life.
B. To highlight our damage to ecosystems.
C. To stress their significance for photography.
D. To show our unawareness of nature's sensitivity.
[解析] 推理判断题。第五段中作者先提到“The risk to sensitive
ecosystems isn't obvious.”，然后提到野花的例子。由此可推断作者提
到野花是为了表明我们对大自然敏感性不了解。故选D。
★16. It is conveyed in this passage that we should ___.
B
A. encourage wildlife protection
B. leave no trace in the wild
C. promote national park tourism
D. restore ecological damage
[解析] 推理判断题。文章开篇以一袋薯片扰乱洞穴生态系统为例，接
着讲述了食物垃圾、生物垃圾等人类在公共土地上留下的废弃物对生
态系统的危害，如改变动物行为和引入有害细菌等，还提到游客踏出
小径拍照等行为对自然和野生动物造成长期损害，强调了人类活动对
自然环境的不良影响。所以文章传达的是我们应该在野外不留下痕迹。
故选B。
词汇积累
1.ecosystem n.生态系统
2.incredible adj.不能相信的；难以置信的
3.minimize v.使减少到最低限度
4.break down 分解
5.put down杀死 （危险或病重的动物）
6.problematic（problem+atic）（派） adj.造成困难的；产生问题的
7.sensitive adj.敏感的；过敏的
8.significance（significant+ance）（派） n.重要性，意义(共47张PPT)
专题一 阅读理解
题组五 推理判断（三）
A
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自然
（2025·河北衡水中学一模）
Laurence Kemball-Cook's office in London is a relaxed space,
filled with informally dressed staff who all radiate the same air of
youthful enthusiasm as their boss. This 39-year-old engineer is the
creator of “Pavegen”, a paving tile （铺地砖） that turns the force of
people's footsteps into clean, renewable energy.
The idea first came to him while he worked at the energy
company E.ON. He was asked to design a street light that's powered
by solar energy or by wind. “But when the sun's not shining or the
wind's not blowing, there's no power. So I tried for a year and
failed.”
He was really upset. Then one day he was walking through
Victoria Station in London and thought about all the people there. “I'd
read that 38,000 people an hour walked through the station. What if
we could use that energy as a power source ” he thought.
So we have Pavegen. The weight of a footstep on his tile makes
a flywheel inside it turn. “The more people walk, the more this
flywheel turns,” Laurence explains. “Then we withdraw the power
from the flywheel as we need it.”
At the Paris Marathon, where Pavegen installed （安装） tiles at
the finish, the runners crossed 176 tiles, leaving 401,756 footsteps that
generated 3,141,926 joules （焦耳）—enough to recharge 1,880
mobile phones or power an electric car for 24km.
Today Laurence has already exported his tiles to the world.
“We've done more than 130 projects in over 30 countries. My vision
is for Pavegen to be to cities what ‘Intel inside’ is for PCs. I want
to cover every single city in the world with our tiles,” he said.
But the producing cost—which Laurence estimates as ￡230-
￡310 per square metre of tile—remains a problem. Laurence claims,
“In the next 24 months we'll make our tiles the same price as normal
flooring. And when you install them, they'll give you energy for free.”#1.9
1. What directly inspired Laurence to develop Pavegen ( )
C
A. The energy crisis in London.
B. A solar-powered street light project.
C. The high foot traffic at Victoria Station.
D. A request from the energy company E.ON.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中“‘I'd read that 38,000 people an
hour walked through the station. What if we could use that energy as
a power source ’ he thought.”可知，直接启发他研发“Pavegen”的是维
多利亚车站的高客流量。故选C。
2. What is the function of the flywheel ( )
A
A. To change footsteps into energy.
B. To consume generated energy.
C. To control power output.
D. To enhance tile durability.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The weight of a footstep on his
tile makes a flywheel inside it turn...‘Then we withdraw the power
from the flywheel as we need it.’”可知，当人们的脚步踩在“Pavegen”
地砖上时，地砖内部的飞轮会转动，转动的飞轮能让人们提取所需的
电力。因此，飞轮的功能是将脚步转化为能量。故选A。
★3. What do the numbers in paragraph 5 show about Pavegen ( )
D
A. Its popularity. B. Its composition.
C. Its sustainability. D. Its effectiveness.
[解析] 推理判断题。第五段提到在巴黎马拉松比赛终点安装了
“Pavegen”地砖，还提到了跑步者的脚步数量以及产生的能量，并且说
明了这些能量能够给多少手机充电以及能让电动汽车行驶多远。由此
推知，这些数字表明了“Pavegen”的有效性。故选D。
4. What can we conclude about the future of Pavegen ( )
C
A. It will expand across the whole world soon.
B. It will be widely used for sports events.
C. It will become easily affordable.
D. It will replace traditional tiles.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In the next 24 months we'll
make our tiles the same price as normal flooring.”可知，在未来这种
地砖的价格会变得更合理，人们更容易负担得起。故选C。
词汇积累
1.renewable adj.可更新的；可再生的；可恢复的
2.withdraw v.提取
3.install v.安装；设置
4.finish n.（比赛的）最后阶段（熟词生义）
5.recharge v.给（电池）充电；充电
6.vision n.憧憬（熟词生义）
B
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然
（2025·湖南张家界一模）
Imagine you're cooking potatoes for breakfast. First, you'd remove
the potatoes from the plastic bag. Then, you might chop them on a
plastic cutting board. Next, you'd probably cook them in a nonstick
pan. All the removing, chopping and overheating of nonstick pans can
add 2.3 million microplastics to your food.
Besides food, the air and water in your home is full of
microplastics. Smaller than a grain of salt, we interact with them
more than we might realize. Humans breathe in about 22,000,000
microplastics annually. As a result, microplastics have been detected in
our blood and lungs. We're only just beginning to understand the
effect of microplastics on human health—but research suggests we
should concern more.
A groundbreaking new study shows how the presence of
microplastics in arteries （动脉血管） is linked to a greater risk of
heart attack and death. When microplastics build up in arteries, the
thicker blood vessel （血管） walls reduce blood flow to parts of the
body. This study will inspire more research into what other organs
plastic may be damaging, such as the brain, or stomach.
Microplastics may be inescapable, but with simple swaps and
fixes, you can reduce the amount of microplastics you encounter in
your own home. Carry your own reusable bags and avoid buying food
that comes in much plastic packaging. When heating food, use
stainless steel instead of nonstick pans. Another way to limit your
exposure is to filter （过滤） your tap water to reduce plastic fibers
in the tap water.
Ultimately, plastic manufacturers and the companies that sell their
products are responsible for the high volume of plastic waste in our
environments, and significantly reducing that plastic—and the
microplastics that come with it—will have to be at the policy level
nationwide and worldwide.#1.7
★5. What does the author try to convey by telling the cooking
story ( )
C
A. Microplastics directly lead to diseases.
B. Nonstick pans are free of microplastics.
C. We consumed microplastics unknowingly.
D. Cooking is to blame for making microplastics.
[解析] 推理判断题。首段详细描述烹饪过程（从塑料袋取土豆→在塑
料砧板上切菜→用不粘锅烹饪），并指出这些操作会向食物中添加230
万微塑料颗粒。由此可推断，作者通过日常场景揭示我们无意识摄入
微塑料的普遍性。故选C。
6. How do microplastics affect our body according to the new
study ( )
B
A. By damaging our brain. B. By slowing blood flow.
C. By thickening our lungs. D. By causing stomachache.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中“When microplastics build up in
arteries, the thicker blood vessel walls reduce blood flow to parts of
the body.”可知，微塑料通过减缓血液流速来影响我们的身体。故选B。
7. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about ( )
A
A. Tips for people to cut microplastics.
B. Proof of microplastics in our homes.
C. Presence of microplastics in packaging.
D. Exposure to microplastics via tap water.
[解析] 段落大意题。首句表述了微塑料虽难避免，但可通过简单方法
减少接触；后续列举了具体措施（用可重复使用的袋子→避免塑料包
装→换不锈钢锅→过滤自来水），全段围绕“减少微塑料接触的具体建
议”展开，属于问题解决方案。故选A。
★8. What can be inferred from the last paragraph ( )
C
A. Plastic waste comes from microplastics on earth.
B. The amount of plastic waste is significantly large.
C. Relevant regulations are vital to contain plastic use.
D. Plastic makers and buyers answer for plastic waste.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，塑料制造商和销售产品的公
司对塑料垃圾负有责任，作者强调了在全国范围内和全球范围内通过
政策层面减少塑料和微塑料的重要性。由此推知，相关法规对控制塑
料使用至关重要。故选C。
词汇积累
1.interact v.相互作用
2.detect v.发现；查明
3.groundbreaking adj.开创性的，创新的，革新的
4.wall n.（身体器官或动植物细胞等的）外壁（熟词生义）
5.inescapable（in+escape+able）（派） adj.不可避免的，逃避不了的
6.encounter v.遭遇
7.contain v.控制，阻止（熟词生义）
长难句解读
原句 Ultimately, plastic manufacturers and the companies that sell
their products are responsible for the high volume of plastic waste in
our environments, and significantly reducing that plastic—and the
microplastics that come with it—will have to be at the policy level
nationwide and worldwide.
分析 本句为并列复合句。第二个and连接两个分句。在第一个分句中，
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词plastic manufacturers and the companies；
在第二个分句中，动名词短语significantly reducing that plastic作主语，
破折号间内容与that plastic并列，其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词
microplastics。
译文 归根结底，塑料制造商及其产品销售企业应对环境中堆积如山的
塑料废弃物负责。若要显著减少此类塑料及随之产生的微塑料污染，
必须在全国乃至全球层面通过政策手段加以解决。
C
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·河南郑州三模）
Cars produced today are essentially smartphones with wheels. For
drivers, this means many new features: automatic braking （刹车）,
turn-by-turn directions, and entertainment systems. But carmakers are
getting much more. They're constantly collecting data from our
vehicles, like how much we weigh, how fast we drive, how many
children we have and even financial information. But who owns and,
finally, controls that data And what are carmakers doing with it
The issue of ownership is not clearly known. Drivers usually sign
away their rights to data. It's not unlike buying a smartphone. The
difference is that most customers have no idea that vehicles collect
data. We know our smartphones collect data and we've come to
accept that we trade personal information for convenience. With cars,
we have no such expectation.
What carmakers are doing with the collected data isn't clear. We
know they use it to improve car performance and safety and that they
have the ability to sell it to third parties they might choose. The data
on your driving habits could be valuable to insurance companies. You
may or may not choose to share it with these services. But while you
can turn off location data on your cellphone, there is no opt-out
feature for your car.
Carmakers use data to warn us when something needs repair or
when our cars need to be taken in for service. For almost a century,
car owners have been able to take their vehicles to whichever shop
they trust for maintenance and repair. That may be changing. When
carmakers control the data, they can choose which service centers
receive our information. They're more likely to share our data only
with their branded dealerships （经销商） than with independent
repair shops which could have an advantage in price and convenience.
It is clear that because of its value—as high as 750 billion
dollars by 2030—carmakers are unlikely to release control of the data
collected from our vehicles. Policymakers, however, have the chance
to give drivers control—not just so that they can keep their data
private but also so that they can share it with the people who want
to see it. This will let car owners maintain what they've had for a
century: the right to decide who fixes their cars.#1.7
★9. How is paragraph 2 developed ( )
D
A. By expressing ideas. B. By giving examples.
C. By exploring reasons. D. By making comparisons.
[解析] 推理判断题。通读第二段，尤其是“It's not unlike buying a
smartphone.”以及“The difference is that”可推知，第二段是通过智能手
机和汽车收集数据的对比来展开论述的。故选D。
10. What does the underlined part “opt-out feature” in paragraph 3
refer to ( )
C
A. A useful tool.
B. A special part.
C. A function to stop something.
D. A way to start something.
[解析] 词句猜测题。画线短语前文“The data on your driving habits
could be valuable to insurance companies. You may or may not
choose to share it with these services.”提到用户可以自主选择是否与
这些服务共享，画线短语所在句“But while you can turn off location
data on your cellphone, there is no opt-out feature for your car.”与上
句构成转折关系，由此可推知画线短语与C项“A function to stop
something（停止某事的功能）.”意思相近，尽管你可以关闭手机上的
数据位置，但你的汽车却没有停止分享数据位置的功能。故选C。
★11. What might happen if carmakers control users' data ( )
C
A. More repair shops will appear.
B. Carmakers will offer more repair shops.
C. Users will spend more on car maintenance.
D. Independent repair shops will earn higher profits.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“They're more likely to
share our data only with their branded dealerships than with
independent repair shops which could have an advantage in price and
convenience.”可知，若汽车制造商控制数据，这意味着用户可能需要为
汽车保养更多费用，因为品牌经销商的收费可能会更高。故选C。
★12. What is the author's attitude towards the future of vehicle data
control ( )
A
A. Policies may help drivers gain control of their data.
B. Car owners will release control over their vehicle data.
C. Drivers should realize the value of their personal data.
D. Carmakers may share vehicle data with drivers in no way.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Policymakers, however, have the
chance to give drivers control—not just so that they can keep their
data private but also so that they can share it with the people who
want to see it.”可推知，作者认为政策制定者可以让驾驶员掌握对数据
的控制权，因此政策可以帮助司机控制他们的数据。故选A。
词汇积累
1.financial adj.财政的；财务的；金融的
2.convenience n.方便；适宜；便利
3.expectation n.期盼；期望
4.performance n.性能（熟词生义）
5.party n.一方（熟词生义）
6.maintenance n.维护；保养
D
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·山东烟台二模）
Today's virtual reality games and content can be absorbing, but
they largely miss the mark when it comes to haptic （触觉的）
feedback. Wouldn't it be cool to just feel an object and perceive the
sensation of running your hand over rich fabric in VR
That's what researchers at Northwestern University in Illinois are
hoping to achieve with their new wearable, a tiny lightweight device
that can go far beyond simply vibrating （震动） against your skin
to deliver richer haptics using more advanced tech.
“All existing haptic devices really just stick at the skin,” said
John Rogers, the professor leading the design. “But human skin is
receptive to much more complicated senses of touch. That's why we
created a device that could apply forces to the skin in any direction—
not just sticking but pushing, sliding and stretching. With it, we can
finely control the complex sensation of touch in a fully programmable
way.”
Powered by a rechargeable battery, the device uses Bluetooth to
connect wirelessly with virtual reality headsets and smartphones. Its
small size and energy efficiency allow it to be worn anywhere on the
body or added to existing wearable tech.
Depending on where the haptic is mounted—on the back of your
hand or on a fingertip—the onboard device delivers information about
whether you're moving quickly or slowly, and in which direction. That
makes for more realistic motion tracking. It helps the sensory
feedback component of VR experiences catch up to the realistic video
we've come to expect when wearing a headset.
Beyond enabling more engaging experiences, Rogers notes they
can also assist with other novel applications. “If you run your finger
along a piece of silk, it will slide faster than when touching cotton
fabric,” he said. “You can imagine shopping for clothes online and
feeling the material.” In another trial, they changed the sound of
music into physical touch, so a user could differentiate between tones
and instruments by the direction of vibrations they were feeling from
the wearable. This tech could also help visually disabled people find
their way. Their device represents a transformative force across
industries, unlocking vast commercial potential.#1.8
13. What is the main problem with current VR haptic devices ( )
B
A. They are too heavy to wear comfortably.
B. They only offer simple vibration feedback.
C. They fail to connect wirelessly with headsets.
D. They can't follow motion direction accurately.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Today's virtual reality games and
content can be absorbing, but they largely miss the mark when it
comes to haptic feedback.”以及第二段“That's what researchers at
Northwestern University in Illinois are hoping to achieve with their
new wearable, a tiny lightweight device that can go far beyond simply
vibrating against your skin to deliver richer haptics using more
advanced tech.”可知，当今的虚拟现实游戏和内容在触觉反馈方面存在
不足，而伊利诺伊州西北大学的研究人员希望用新的穿戴设备实现超
越简单的皮肤震动，提供更丰富的触觉反馈。由此可知，当前的虚拟
现实触觉设备的主要问题是它们只提供简单的震动反馈。故选B。
14. What was the device developed on the basis of ( )
D
A. Skin's barrier function.
B. Demand for interactive wearables.
C. Advanced AI technology.
D. Skin's sensitivity to external forces.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“All existing haptic devices really
just stick at the skin”以及“But human skin is receptive to much more
complicated senses of touch. That's why we created a device that
could apply forces to the skin in any direction—not just sticking but
pushing, sliding and stretching.”可知，现有的触觉设备只作用于皮肤，
而人类皮肤对更复杂的触觉有感受能力，所以研究人员创造了一种可
以向皮肤施加任何方向力的设备。由此可知，该设备的开发是基于皮
肤对外力的敏感性。故选D。
★15. How does the device enhance VR experiences ( )
D
A. By improving video resolution.
B. By adjusting vibration intensity.
C. By employing more vivid sound effects.
D. By matching richer touch sensations with visuals.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第五段可知，该设备通过提供方向性触觉反
馈（如推动、滑动和拉伸），与VR视觉内容精确匹配，解决了传统触
觉设备只能简单振动的局限，从而显著增强VR体验的真实性和交互性。
故选D。
★16. What will the author most probably discuss next concerning the
device ( )
B
A. Innovative uses. B. Market prospects.
C. Experimental processes. D. Design motivations.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Their device represents a
transformative force across industries, unlocking vast commercial
potential.”可知，该设备在各个行业都代表着一种变革力量，释放出巨
大的商业潜力。由此可推断，接下来作者最有可能讨论该设备的市场
前景。故选B。
词汇积累
1.absorbing adj.十分吸引人的；引人入胜的；精彩的
2.miss the mark没有达到目的
3.sensation（sense+ation）（派） n.感觉；感觉能力
4.power v.驱动，推动（词性活用）
5.differentiate（different+iate）（派） v.区分；区别；辨别
6.unlock（un+lock）（派） v.发现；揭示；揭开
长难句解读
原句That's what researchers at Northwestern University in Illinois are
hoping to achieve with their new wearable, a tiny lightweight device
that can go far beyond simply vibrating against your skin to deliver
richer haptics using more advanced tech.
分析 本句为主从复合句。句中what引导表语从句，a tiny lightweight
device是 wearable的同位语，具体说明其属性，后面that引导定语从句，
修饰先行词device，using more advanced tech作状语。
译文 那就是伊利诺伊州西北大学的研究人员希望通过他们的新型可穿
戴设备实现的目标，这种设备是一种轻巧的小型装置，它能利用更先
进的技术，提供远超仅靠皮肤震动的丰富触觉反馈。(共49张PPT)
专题一 阅读理解
题组七 词句猜测（二）
A
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我
（2025·广东深圳一模）
Self-confidence is trusting in our abilities or qualities. It's usually
seen as a good thing. But is it possible that we might benefit from a
little less confidence in our beliefs
For many years, Dr. Mark Leary, a neuroscientist at Duke
University in Durham, N. C., has studied the role of people's beliefs
in their behavior. He found overconfidence is very common, especially
when it comes to what people believe to be true, and can lead us to
disastrous decisions. In 1986, NASA believed that the risk of loss for
any space flight was roughly 1 in 100,000. It was an overconfident
belief and might have led to the explosion of the Challenger. The
good news is that there's a “vaccine （疫苗）” for overconfidence,
and that's what scientists call “intellectual humility”—recognizing that
your beliefs could be wrong.
A survey of 144 college students to measure their intellectual
humility found that students who saw their thinking could be wrong
tended to be more curious and more likely to seek out new
knowledge. They ended up knowing more at the end of the day. But
does it actually help you beyond that
To find out more, Dr. Tenelle Porter at Ball State University
conducted a series of studies with high school students. She found
that students with intellectual humility were much more likely to test
themselves to see whether they really understood the material and
seek out potential holes in their understanding. When they got test
scores, they'd change their study strategies to improve their
performance and master the material for the next test.
Students who didn't see their knowledge could be wrong might
instead just sail through their studying and wouldn't stop to ask
themselves if they truly understood what they read, heard, or did.
Such students thought they got a subject down pat, but when asked to
explain it on a test, they found they didn't actually understand as
much as they had thought.
Although it might be good for you, researchers recognize that
questioning your beliefs can be truly hard. Still, it's important to
remember that questioning beliefs isn't always about replacing old ones
with new ones. If you find it hard to question a belief, try taking
“baby steps”.#1.8
1. Why does the author mention the explosion of the
Challenger ( )
D
A. To express his sorrow for the loss.
B. To stress the high risk of space flights.
C. To show the result of wrong operation.
D. To give an example of overconfidence.
[解析] 推理判断题。作者先介绍了科学家发现过度自信可能导致严重
后果，之后提及1986年这起灾难。由此推知，提及“挑战者号”爆炸是
说明过度自信会导致灾难的一个例子。故选D。
2. What do we know about intellectual humility according to Porter's
research ( )
C
A. It urged students to gain recognition.
B. It encouraged students to take exams.
C. It helped students to adjust learning methods.
D. It motivated students to memorize knowledge.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句“She found that students
with intellectual humility were much more likely to test themselves to
see whether they really understood the material and seek out potential
holes in their understanding. When they got test scores, they'd change
their study strategies to improve their performance and master the
material for the next test.”可知，智力谦逊这种特质会使学生及时反思
自己的学习，相应调整学习方法。故选C。
★3. What do the underlined words “got a subject down pat” mean in
paragraph 5 ( )
A
A. Fully mastered a subject.
B. Put great effort into a subject.
C. Really enjoyed a subject.
D. Benefited a lot from a subject.
[解析] 词句猜测题。画线短语后提到，但当被要求在测试中对其进行
解释时，他们发现自己实际上并没有像自己原先认为的那样理解透彻，
but前后为转折关系，由此推测学生们在考试之前认为自己对该相关知
识十分了解或已经全会了。由此可知，got a subject down pat应是“对
某科目了解很多”或“对某科目完全掌握”之意。故选A。
4. What will probably be discussed in the following
paragraphs ( )
D
A. Why questioning our belief is hard.
B. Why intellectual humility is helpful.
C. How to become a confident person.
D. How to practice intellectual humility.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“The good news is that
there's a “vaccine” for overconfidence, and that's what scientists call
“intellectual humility”—recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong.”
及全文最后一句“If you find it hard to question a belief, try taking
‘baby steps’.”可知，最后一句中所说的“question a belief”即前文所说的
“recognizing that your beliefs could be wrong”，也就是第二段最后一
句引号中所言的“智力谦逊”。全文最后一句又说，“可以尝试迈出‘一小
步’。”由此推知，所谓的“一小步”究竟该怎么做，会在下文进行介绍，
即如何练习做到“智力谦逊”。故选D。
词汇积累
1.overconfidence （over+confidence）（合） n.过分相信，自负
2.disastrous（disaster+ous）（派） adj.极糟糕的；灾难性的；完全失败的
3.roughly adv.粗略地；大体上；粗暴地
4.explosion n.爆炸
5.seek out 找出；找到；物色
6.still adv.不过（熟词生义）
B
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然
（2025·辽宁省实验中学等名校联考）
When I strolled into the ring at the Pennington Day dog show's
Look-Alike Contest in suburban New Jersey in the mid-1990s, I had
all the confidence of a young girl assured of victory. After all, my
puppy Soccer had long, floppy ears that perfectly matched my wavy,
blond hair. After winning that first contest, Soccer and I competed for
about four years at the Look-Alike Contests and won a row of blue
ribbons. I have not succeeded at anything as consistently since.
Turns out, there is actual science to back up the stereotype that
dogs look like their owners. A recent review of 15 studies from
around the globe suggests that not only people and their pets look
and act similarly, but that the similarities between their personalities
deepen over time.
In many of the studies, scientists asked study volunteers to match
pictures of their dogs and owners, which they did better than they
would just by chance. In one study, participants also inferred whether
dogs were matched with the correct owners despite only being able to
see the dogs' or the owners' eyes. Another found that women often
had hair of a similar length to the dogs' ears—much like my
spaniel—like bob and bangs. So what gives Experts suspect people
choose dogs that look like them or reflect them in some way—or
perhaps, subconsciously, as in my case, look a bit like a dog's version
of their child.
The review also showed that dogs and owners have similar
personality traits and that their temperaments appeared to grow more
alike. The study offers different theories for why, including that
owners may be drawn to dogs that are like them to begin with, and
as they age together, the two species may regulate each other's
emotions, reinforce each other's behavior, or learn together.
Authors of the review, published in the journal Personality and
Individual Differences, noted several limitations to the research,
including the relatively small number of dogs and owners included in
the studies. Many of the owners who volunteered to participate in the
studies also had purebred dogs, and scientists need more data on
mixed-breed canines, which are more common worldwide. What's more,
owner preference plays a role: Without a standardized way to assess
dogs' personalities, scientists must ask people to evaluate their own
pets, who can be as hard to think about objectively as your human
family.#1.7
5. Why does the author mention her own experience in paragraph
1 ( )
C
A. To illustrate the popularity of the Look-Alike Contest.
B. To provide a contrast to the scientific research results.
C. To introduce the topic in an engaging and personal way.
D. To emphasize the significance of winning in the contest.
[解析] 推理判断题。第一段通过作者亲身经历（与爱犬 Soccer 参加
“人犬相似大赛”并多次获奖）展开叙述，用生动的细节（如“耷拉的耳
朵对应卷曲金发”）吸引读者兴趣。第二段首句 “Turns out, there is
actual science...”转折引出科学研究的主题（人犬外貌与性格相似性），
表明首段的作用是自然过渡到核心话题。故选C。
★6. What does the underlined sentence “So what gives ” in paragraph
3 most likely mean ( )
A
A. What is the reason for this phenomenon
B. What are the consequences of this situation
C. What are the methods of solving this problem
D. What is the extent of this similarity
[解析] 词句猜测题。画线词前“Another found that women often had
hair of a similar length to the dogs' ears—much like my spaniel—like
bob and bangs.”提到研究发现，女性的头发长度往往与狗的耳朵长度
相近，画线词后“Experts suspect people choose dogs that look like
them or reflect them in some way—or perhaps, subconsciously, as in
my case, look a bit like a dog's version of their child.”解释了原因。
由此推知，画线句子是在询问出现这些现象的原因。故选A。
7. Which of the following is a limitation of the research according to
the text ( )
B
A. The inaccurate samples of dogs and their owners.
B. The over-reliance on the assessment of dog owners.
C. The lack of research on purebred dogs.
D. The improper use of the evaluation method.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段“Without a standardized way to
assess dogs' personalities, scientists must ask people to evaluate their
own pets, who can be as hard to think about objectively as your
human family.”可知，研究的一个局限性是过度依赖狗主人的评估。故
选B。
8. What will the passage probably talk about next ( )
D
A. Expanding the scope of the research to include more dog owners.
B. Analyzing the impact of different environments.
C. Conducting more studies on the subconscious choices of dog
owners.
D. Developing a standardized evaluating system.
[解析] 推理判断题。全文最后一句提到，由于目前没有一种标准化的
方法来评估狗的个性，所以科学家们不得不让人们去对自家的宠物进
行评估，而这些宠物往往和人类家庭成员一样难以客观地加以考量，
由此可推测，下文可能会围绕如何解决这一研究局限性展开，即开发
一种标准化的评估体系，以便更准确地评估狗的个性。故选D。
词汇积累
1.ring n.圆形表演场（或竞技场）（熟词生义）
2.consistently adv.一贯地，坚持地
3.suspect v.怀疑 n.嫌疑犯；可疑对象
4.preference（prefer+ence）（派） n.偏爱；爱好；喜爱
5.standardize（standard+ize）（派） v.使标准化
6.emphasize v.强调，重视；使明显
7.inaccurate（in+accurate）（派） adj.不精确的，不准确的，有错误的
C
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·广西南宁三模）
In 2024, the term “brain rot” gained popularity on social media
as it reflected concerns about the overconsumption of low-quality
online content. The widespread use of the term highlighted the
harmful effects of Internet addiction, driving a travel trend known as
“digital detox”.
In fact, digital detox isn't a new concept. Brown University
defines it as a set period during which people avoid using electronic
devices that have become a big part of daily life. Due to growing
interest in taking a break from technology while on vacation, tour
operators are now offering digital detox trips, where travelers choose
an Internet-free environment. When such a trip begins, travelers lock
their devices in a storage box and only get them back at the end.
Travelers who have joined digital detox trips confirm the various
benefits of going phone-free. “Without that distraction, the experience
feels so much richer because you're just absorbed in it,” Tara Cappel,
founder of travel company FTLO Travel, told Travel+Leisure magazine.
However, she acknowledges that tech-free travel hasn't yet become
popular, as many people are still concerned about shutting off their
devices completely.
That concern makes sense. In an age where life and technology
are more connected than ever, a full digital detox may not be realistic
for most people. “Technology is very much a part of us now. We
bank with an app, read restaurant menus on phones and even sweat
with exercise instructors through a screen,” consultant Emily Cherkin
told the BBC. While a digital detox is meant to reduce stress,
shutting down devices may actually cause more anxiety due to our
close relationship with technology.
Rather than avoiding phones altogether, experts suggest a more
realistic way to address Internet addiction. Sina Joneidy, a senior
teacher at Teesside University, UK, advocates practicing digital
awareness. “I make sure my use of technology is purposeful,” he told
the BBC. For those who can't completely step away from screens,
using screen-time tracking apps may help encourage more mindful
phone habits. Ultimately, our focus should be on improving our long-
term relationship with technology rather than depending on the digital
detox industry as a short-term solution.#1.7
★9. What does the underlined term “digital detox” in paragraph 1
refer to ( )
B
A. A trend of using technology more efficiently.
B. A practice of keeping away from digital devices.
C. A method of improving the quality of online content.
D. A way to reduce the anxiety of using electronic devices.
[解析] 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Brown University defines it as a
set period during which people avoid using electronic devices that
have become a big part of daily life.”可知，“digital detox
（数字排毒）”指远离电子设备的做法。故选B。
10. What can we learn about digital detox according to paragraph
4 ( )
A
A. It can bring about worry.
B. It makes sense for most people.
C. It is unnecessary in modern life.
D. It is the best way to reduce pressure.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段中“While a digital detox is meant to
reduce stress, shutting down devices may actually cause more anxiety
due to our close relationship with technology.”可知，“数字排毒”可能
导致焦虑。故选A。
11. What do experts think is a more practical way to deal with
Internet addiction ( )
D
A. Avoiding phones altogether.
B. Upgrading time tracing tools.
C. Taking more digital detox trips.
D. Being more intentional with technology.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Sina Joneidy, a senior teacher at
Teesside University, UK, advocates practicing digital awareness. ‘I
make sure my use of technology is purposeful,’ he told the BBC.”可
知，专家认为解决网瘾的更实用的方法是目的明确地使用技术。故选D。
12. Which of the following can be the suitable title for the
text ( )
D
A. Suffer from “Brain Rot”
B. Keep Track of Our Screen Time
C. Benefit from Digital Detox
D. Set Free from Internet Addiction
[解析] 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了越来越多的年轻人推崇通过“数字
排毒”旅行来对抗手机成瘾，但许多人担心完全关闭电子设备，专家提
出更实际的解决办法是目的明确地去使用科技，由此可知本文主要围
绕应对网络成瘾展开，D项“戒掉网络成瘾”最适合作为标题。
词汇积累
1.overconsumption（over+consume+tion）（派） n.过度消费
2.addiction（addict+ion）（派） n.瘾；入迷；嗜好
3.acknowledge v.承认（属实）
4.make sense有道理；有意义；讲得通
5.bank v.把（钱）存入银行（词性活用）
6.sweat v.出汗；流汗;辛苦地干（词性活用）
7.bring about 导致；引起
8.intentional（intention+al）（派） adj.故意的；有意的；存心的
长难句解读
原句Due to growing interest in taking a break from technology while
on vacation, tour operators are now offering digital detox trips, where
travelers choose an Internet-free environment.
分析本句为主从复合句。句子的主干为tour operators are now offering
digital detox trips；Due to growing interest in...on vacation作原因状语；
where引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词trips。
译文由于人们在度假期间远离科技的兴趣日益浓厚，旅行社现正推出
“数字排毒”旅行项目——游客可选择一个没有网络的环境。
D
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自我
（2025·江苏盐城二模）
Language is so deeply embedded in almost every aspect of the
way we interact with the world that it's hard to imagine what it
would be like not to have it. What would be the consequence if we
didn't have names for things or didn't have experience talking about
things that hadn't actually happened Would we be able to think
What would our thoughts be like
The answer to the question of whether thought is possible
without language depends on what you mean by “thought”. Can you
experience impressions and feelings without language Yes, and very
few would argue otherwise. But there is a difference between being
able to experience “pain” and possessing the concept “pain”. Most
would say true thought involves having the concept.
Many artists and scientists, in describing their own inner
processes while they work, say they do not use words to solve
problems, but images. The autistic （患自闭症的） author Temple
Grandin, in explaining how she thinks visually rather than
linguistically, says that concepts for her are collections of images.
Of course, Grandin has language, and knows how to use it, so it
is hard to say how much of her thinking has been influenced by it,
but it's not unimaginable—and probably likely—that there are people
who are deficient in the ability to use language and think in the way
she describes.
There is evidence that deaf people cut off from language possess
the ability to think before being exposed to language. Also, the sign
languages developed by deaf students without language models display
the kind of thinking that goes far beyond mere sensory impression or
practical problem solving.
However, while it appears that we can indeed think without
language, there are certain kinds of thinking that are made possible by
language. Language gives us symbols we can use to fix ideas, reflect
on them, and hold them up for observation. It allows for a level of
abstract reasoning we wouldn't have otherwise. The philosopher Peter
Carruthers has argued that there is a type of inner, explicitly linguistic
thinking that allows us to bring our own thoughts into conscious
awareness. We may be able to think without language, but language
lets us know we are thinking.#1.8
13. What does the author intend to show with the experience of
Temple Grandin ( )
C
A. People without language can't think.
B. Language has no influence on thinking.
C. Some people may think in a non-linguistic way.
D. Autistic people have a special way of using language.
[解析] 推理判断题。第三段首先提到许多艺术家和科学家都表示在描
述自己创作过程中的内心活动时，他们解决问题并非依靠语言，而是
借助图像，随后提到，患自闭症的作家Temple Grandin在阐述自己以视
觉而非语言方式进行思考的方式时指出，对她而言，概念就是一系列
的图像的集合。由此可推知，作者提到Temple Grandin是为了表明有些
人可能以非语言的方式思考。故选C。
★14. Which of the following best explains the underlined word
“deficient” in paragraph 4 ( )
B
A. Flexible. B. Lacking. C. Confident. D. Experienced.
[解析] 词句猜测题。分析画线单词所在句的语境可知，Grandin有语言
能力，有思考能力，而文章本身探讨的是没有语言能力是否能思考，
因此这里指的是缺乏语言能力的人会以Temple Grandin描述的方式思考，
由此推断画线单词的含义是“缺乏”。故选B。
15. What could we learn from the last paragraph ( )
A
A. Language facilitates abstract reasoning.
B. Language is merely useful for reflection.
C. Language is a must for people to perceive the world.
D. Language restricts people's ability to think visually.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Language gives us symbols we
can use to fix ideas, reflect on them, and hold them up for
observation. It allows for a level of abstract reasoning we wouldn't
have otherwise.”可知，语言使得人们可以进行抽象推理。故选A。
16. What is the writing purpose of the text ( )
D
A. To stress the importance of language in daily life.
B. To advocate the thinking modes of scientists and artists.
C. To demonstrate the cognitive abilities of average individuals.
D. To show the relationship between thought and language.
[解析] 推理判断题。首段通过两个问题引出文章的主旨，即语言和思
维的关系，假如没有语言，人们是否能够思考，随后围绕这一话题展
开讨论。由此可知，本文的写作目的是展示思维与语言之间的关系。
故选D。
词汇积累
1.interact v.互动；相互作用
2.consequence n.结果；后果
3.visually adv.视觉上；形象化地
4.fix v.决定，确定（熟词生义）
5.observation（observe+ation）（派） n.观察
6.abstract adj.抽象的；纯理论的
7.restrict v.限制，限定
8.average adj.普通的；平常的；一般的（熟词生义）
长难句解读
原句Of course, Grandin has language, and knows how to use it, so it
is hard to say how much of her thinking has been influenced by it,
but it's not unimaginable—and probably likely—that there are people
who are deficient in the ability to use language and think in the way
she describes.
分析本句为but连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中，连词so引导结果
状语从句，其中it作形式主语，动词不定式短语to say...by it作真正的
主语，say后为宾语从句；在第二个分句中，it作形式主语，that引导的
主语从句作真正的主语，其中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people，
she describes为定语从句，修饰先行词the way。
译文当然，Grandin拥有语言能力且懂得如何运用，因此很难判断她的
思维方式在多大程度上受语言影响；但可以想象——甚至极有可能—
—存在这样一类人：他们不仅语言运用能力不足，其思维方式也如她
所描述的那样（不依赖语言）。(共45张PPT)
专题一 阅读理解
题组三 推理判断（一）
A
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自然
（2025·河南郑州二模）
Duncan Jurman became interested in butterflies when he was
around 5 years old. He noticed a couple of caterpillars （毛虫） in
his backyard and was attracted by the different ways that caterpillars
can disguise （伪装） themselves to stay safe in potentially dangerous
surroundings. From there, he started to learn more about caterpillars
and butterflies.
Jurman believes that butterflies play a crucial role in our
ecosystems. They're very low on the food web, so they support a lot
of different species that rely on them. They're an indicator species for
the health of the environment. Once they disappear, everything else is
soon to follow.
Jurman's goal is to transform the landscape of Florida's Broward
County by turning a weedy suburb into a lively butterfly reserve at a
time when insect populations are decreasing quickly worldwide.
Jurman believes that every flower planted is a potential home and
source of food for caterpillars and butterflies. He eventually developed
a butterfly-friendly garden in his backyard by researching the different
plants that butterflies prefer. He has already raised and released more
than 5,000 butterflies from his garden.
Jurman also launched the Bring Butterflies Back campaign to
educate people about butterflies and invite them to join his cause of
protecting butterflies. He said that a lot of people are surprised to
learn that insects are declining at such an alarming rate, largely
because the decline has been so gradual. This phenomenon helps to
explain why people are unwilling to take meaningful actions to save
the environment.
In 2018, Jurman helped to build a butterfly garden at his high
school. The garden has had a regenerative effect on the surrounding
environment—birds, native lizards, and other insects have returned in
great numbers. Other schools have been inspired to start gardens. “I
don't know if we can ever reach the point that we were once at with
butterflies, but I think that if everyone gets involved and starts their
own garden, they can make their own impact,” Jurman said.#1.7
1. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about ( )
D
A. The food chain of insects.
B. The competition between species.
C. The potential danger to butterflies.
D. The vital role of butterflies in nature.
[解析] 段落大意题。第二段首句中的“butterflies play a crucial role in
our ecosystems”直接点题，接着指出蝴蝶是食物链基础和环境健康指示
标以及它的灭绝会引发连锁反应，由此可知本段主要讲述了蝴蝶在自
然界中的重要作用。故选D。
2. Why did Jurman create a butterfly-friendly garden ( )
C
A. To teach people about butterflies.
B. To study butterflies' favorite plants.
C. To increase the number of butterflies.
D. To improve the beauty of his backyard.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“at a time when insect
populations are decreasing quickly worldwide”及“He eventually
developed a butterfly-friendly garden in his backyard by researching
the different plants that butterflies prefer. He has already raised and
released more than 5,000 butterflies from his garden.”可知，他创建蝴
蝶友好型花园的目的是增加蝴蝶的数量。故选C。
★3. What does the phenomenon mentioned in the text show ( )
A
A. People's unawareness of environmental changes.
B. The impact of human activities on insect habitats.
C. The rapid decline of butterfly populations worldwide.
D. The process of transforming natural landscapes into reserves.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“He said that a lot of people are
surprised to learn that insects are declining at such an alarming rate,
largely because the decline has been so gradual. This phenomenon
helps to explain why people are unwilling to take meaningful actions
to save the environment.”可推知，文中提到的现象展现了人们没有意
识到环境变化。故选A。
★4. What can be inferred from Jurman's words in the last
paragraph ( )
D
A. More gardens are built to increase the number of other insects.
B. Jurman is pessimistic about the future of the butterfly population.
C. It's impossible to restore the butterfly population to their previous
levels.
D. People's joint efforts can have a great impact on the butterfly
population.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I don't know if we can ever
reach the point that we were once at with butterflies, but I think that
if everyone gets involved and starts their own garden, they can make
their own impact”可知，Jurman认为人们的共同努力可以对蝴蝶的数量
产生重大影响。故选D。
词汇积累
1.play a crucial role in在……中起着至关重要的作用
2.transform v.转换，改变；改造
3.release v.放走；释放
4.cause n.事业，目标，思想（熟词生义）
5.alarming adj.使人惊恐的，令人惊慌的，引起恐慌的
6.regenerative adj.再生的；恢复的；新生的
7.inspire v.激励，鼓舞
B
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自我
（2025·湖北孝感三模）
At a hotel, surrounded by teammates, he got the email. “Dear
Spencer Heslop,” it read, “you have been invited to participate in the
Selection Camp for the US Men's National Team for 2022.”
The recent graduate from the University of Michigan School of
Public Health, dreamed of the opportunity to play for the United
States since he was seven years old. After he developed a disease that
results in damage to the spinal cord （脊髓） and nerves, Heslop's
parents pushed him to try wheelchair basketball.
By high school, Heslop played wheelchair basketball on a
competitive basketball team. The experience opened his eyes to the
world of adaptive sports, which became his favorite. While he was
never the biggest or strongest player, Heslop had a feel for the game
and a desire to take it further. Faced with many challenges, he
worked tirelessly to develop chair skills and conditioning that made
him more explosive.
“As I applied to graduate school, I knew I would play wherever
I was planning to go,” Heslop said. “The University of Michigan was
near the top of my list academically. I also heard that they were
trying to get an adaptive sports program going, and that helped me
make my choice.” The University of Michigan's Adaptive Sports &
Fitness program was launched in 2018 to address the inequitable
access to physical activity opportunities, competitive and recreational,
for students with disabilities at the University of Michigan.
Since Heslop joined the program in 2020, the University of
Michigan's wheelchair basketball team became part of the NWBA's
Division Ⅱ. After leading the team to an 8th-place finish at the
NWBA Nationals in April 2022, Heslop participated in the US Men's
National Team Selection Camp where he fought against 30 of the
nation's top athletes and made the final twelve-man roster. This gave
the recently graduated young man a better shot at his ultimate goal:
playing for his country in the Paralympic Games.#1.7
5. What helped Heslop develop his passion for adaptive sports ( )
D
A. The unexpected disease at seven.
B. The email he received at a hotel.
C. The University of Michigan he dreamed of.
D. The experience in a wheelchair basketball team.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“By high school, Heslop played
wheelchair basketball on a competitive basketball team. The experience
opened his eyes to the world of adaptive sports, which became his
favorite.”可知，让Heslop对适应性运动产生热情的是他在轮椅篮球队的
经历。故选D。
★6. Why did Heslop choose the University of Michigan ( )
B
A. He received a large sum of scholarship.
B. He could join his favorite sports program.
C. He was promised a chance to play for the country.
D. He was invited to launch the Adaptive Sports & Fitness program.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“The University of Michigan was
near the top of my list academically. I also heard that they were
trying to get an adaptive sports program going, and that helped me
make my choice.”可知，Heslop选择密歇根大学是因为他可以参加他最
喜欢的体育项目。故选B。
7. What is mainly talked about in the last paragraph ( )
A
A. Heslop's achievements. B. Heslop's ultimate goal.
C. Heslop's superior leadership. D. Heslop's bright future.
[解析] 段落大意题。最后一段描述了Heslop自2020年加入项目后的一
系列事件：球队升级，带队取得名次和入选国家队。这些均是 Heslop
在轮椅篮球领域取得的具体成就。故选A。
★8. Which word can best describe Heslop ( )
D
A. Generous. B. Reliable. C. Creative. D. Determined.
[解析] 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第三段中的“Faced with many
challenges, he worked tirelessly to develop chair skills and
conditioning that made him more explosive.”可知，Heslop是一个有决
心的人。故选D。
词汇积累
1.develop v.患（病）（熟词生义）
2.address v.设法解决，处理，对付（熟词生义）
3.inequitable（in+equity+able）（派） adj.不公平的
C
语篇类型：新闻报道 主题语境：人与自然
（2025·四川成都联考）
The Eaton fires in Los Angeles have secured spots in the top
three most destructive wildfires on record in California, each
destroying thousands of structures since they sparked on January 7. In
this geography of loss, there are surprises, like the homes that
survived the fires.
Some go viral, earning features on the news and becoming the
subjects of popular social media posts. Homes like these are regarded
as miracles, and at the same time, they are also analyzed for the key
features that might have set them apart.
Architects describe the materials they carefully chose for the
buildings—often fire-resistant choices like metal roofs—while
homeowners detail the extra attention they paid to their lawns （草坪）
to reduce their property's risk of catching fire.
While it's possible that details like these did make a difference,
experts caution that there's often much more behind a structure's
survival than what meets the eye, and that making assumptions can
make it harder to rebuild more resilient neighborhoods.
“What people do, because it's easy, is connect the dots to make
up a story,” Alexander Maranghides, a fire protection engineer at the
National Institute of Standards and Technology, said of the “miracle
house” narrative.
Maranghides speaks from experience, having come across many
such “miracles” in his research in post-wildfire environments. It's a
term he not only disagrees with but finds dangerous, as he said it can
lead to false assumptions that fail to consider factors such as wind
direction and the defensive actions of first responders. None of that is
clear from the snapshots we see after a fire, but it can all play a
major role in addition to a structure's design and environment.
Lessons learned from affected neighborhoods can help influence
future building codes and design recommendations, and Maranghides
said his team ignores the homes still standing in favor of looking at
those that were damaged.#1.9
9. From the architects' perspective, what caused the houses to survive
the fires ( )
C
A. Magic power. B. Well-prepared lawns.
C. Carefully chosen materials. D. Special structures.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Architects describe the materials
they carefully chose for the buildings—often fire-resistant choices like
metal roofs”可知，从建筑师的角度来看，精心挑选的材料是房屋在火
灾中幸存下来的原因。故选C。
★10. Why does Maranghides think people celebrate the
“miracles” ( )
B
A. Because lives are saved.
B. Because it's hard to think deep.
C. Because solutions are hidden in them.
D. Because people love rare occurrences.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第五段“‘What people do, because it's easy,
is connect the dots to make up a story,’ ...said of the ‘miracle house’
narrative.”可推知，Maranghides认为人们之所以庆祝这些“奇迹”是因为
人们懒得深入思考，只是简单地把点连接起来编造一个故事。故选B。
11. What may the term “miracles” bring about according to
Maranghides ( )
D
A. Peaceful neighborhood. B. All-sided thinking.
C. Solutions to wildfires. D. False assumptions.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第六段中的“It's a term he not only disagrees
with but finds dangerous, as he said it can lead to false assumptions
that fail to consider factors”可知，Maranghides认为“miracles”这个词会
导致错误的假设。故选D。
★12. What lesson can we learn from the text ( )
B
A. To consult professionals in times of fires.
B. To examine a matter in all its aspects.
C. Everyone excels in their own fields.
D. Never rely on luck in anything.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“experts caution that there's often
much more behind a structure's survival than what meets the eye, and
that making assumptions can make it harder to rebuild more resilient
neighborhoods”以及第六段中的“It's a term he not only disagrees with
but finds dangerous, as he said it can lead to false assumptions that
fail to consider factors”可推知，本文想要告诉我们的是，要全面地看
待一个问题，不能简单地根据表面现象就做出假设。故选B。
词汇积累
1.secure v.获得，取得，实现（熟词生义）
2.destructive adj.破坏性的；毁灭性的
3.fire-resistant（fire+resistant）（合） adj.耐火的，防火的
4.detail v.详细列举；详细说明；详述（词性活用）
5.caution v.警告；提醒（词性活用）
6.assumption（assume+tion）（派） n.假定，假设
7.come across 偶然发现，偶然遇见
8.occurrence（occur+ence）（派） n.发生的事情；存在的事物
长难句解读
原句 While it's possible that details like these did make a difference,
experts caution that there's often much more behind a structure's
survival than what meets the eye, and that making assumptions can
make it harder to rebuild more resilient neighborhoods.
分析本句为主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句，其中it作形式主语，
that引导主语从句；caution后由连词and连接两个宾语从句，第一个宾
语从句中than引导比较状语从句，what引导宾语从句，第二个宾语从句
中，it作形式宾语。
译文尽管这些细节可能确实有影响，但专家警告称：建筑得以存续的
背后，往往存在比表面所见更复杂的因素，而草率假设会增加重建更
具抗灾能力社区的难度。
D
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·广东广州执信中学三模）
Suppose you're preparing for a tennis match. Your mind wanders,
envisioning every possible outcome. Do you picture yourself in control
Or does your imagination toy with the idea of failure The answer
matters because it could affect your confidence and, ultimately, how
well you will perform in the upcoming match. Although people don't
take such moments spent in their imagination as seriously as they
should, it can be just as vital as any physical practice, directly
impacting your chances of success.
This is especially the case in high-pressure situations where
what's happening inside your mind outweighs what's happening outside.
Your imagination shapes how you interpret the world around you and
is capable of causing the same physiological （生理的） and
emotional responses that are caused by external, real-life events.
To take just one example, just as emotional pictures and sounds can
cause the pupils to widen, so can emotional mental images in the
mind.
Another phenomenon highlighting the significance of the
imagination is called functional equivalence, which refers to the way
the brain doesn't always distinguish between imagining an action and
physically doing it. For instance, when athletes vividly imagine
running a race or sinking a basket, their brain scans reveal that the
same neural circuits （神经回路） are activated as if they were
physically performing the task. Other research with athletes using
functional MRI （磁共振成像） has shown that mental practice
engages regions of the brain involved in controlling the body and also
activates areas linked to focus, motivation and emotional regulation.
The principle of functional equivalence extends beyond sports. In
one study, pianists were asked to picture moving their fingers across
the keys, hearing the tune, and seeing the sheet music.
Astonishingly, the same motor areas in their brains lit up as when
they actually played.
Many studies like this have proved the connection between
mental imagery and real-world performance. Whether you're aiming to
build confidence or prepare for a challenge, using your imagination
with more intention could make all the difference. The key is to
switch your mental channel to an image of capability, control and
empowerment.#1.7
★13. How does the author start the text ( )
C
A. By giving a definition. B. By explaining an opinion.
C. By presenting a context. D. By sharing an experience.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Suppose you're preparing for a
tennis match. Your mind wanders, envisioning every possible outcome.”
可知，作者通过设定一个具体情境（准备网球比赛时的心理活动）引
入话题。故选C。
14. In which aspect is mental imagery the same as actual occurrences
according to the text ( )
D
A. Requiring body movements. B. Initiating visual stimulations.
C. Affecting physical functions. D. Causing emotional responses.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Your imagination shapes how
you interpret the world around you and is capable of causing the
same physiological and emotional responses that are caused by
external, real-life events.”可知，心理意象与实际事件在“引起情绪反应”
方面具有一致性。故选D。
★15. In which case may functional equivalence occur ( )
B
A. A learner conducts a discussion with a professor.
B. A doctor envisions the procedure of an operation.
C. A pianist videos finger movements for perfection.
D. A speaker practices a deep breath before a speech.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Another phenomenon
highlighting the significance of the imagination is called functional
equivalence, which refers to the way the brain doesn't always
distinguish between imagining an action and physically doing it.”以及
“Other research with athletes using functional MRI has shown that
mental practice engages regions of the brain involved in controlling
the body and also activates areas linked to focus, motivation and
emotional regulation.”可推知，该理论适用于“想象某动作时大脑激活的
神经回路与实际执行该动作时相同”的场景。B选项“医生设想手术流程”
符合想象动作且未实际执行的情境，符合功能等同理论。故选B。
16. What can be a suitable title for the text ( )
B
A. Positive emotion brightens your life
B. Mental imagery boosts your success
C. Imagination enhances your creativity
D. Physical practice unlocks your potential
[解析] 主旨大意题。文章开篇以准备网球比赛时的心理活动为例，引
出想象力对实际表现有影响这一话题，接着阐述功能等同理论，即大
脑对想象动作和实际动作的反应相同，最后一段点明了心理意象对成
功有推动作用。故选B。
词汇积累
1.envision（en+vision）（派） v.展望；想象
2.picture v.想象，设想（熟词生义）
3.toy with不太认真地考虑，把……当儿戏；摆弄，玩弄
4.ultimately adv.最终，最后；根本上
5.outweigh（out+weigh）（合） v.超过；重于；大于
6.sink v.将（球）投入篮中（熟词生义）
长难句解读
原句 Another phenomenon highlighting the significance of the
imagination is called functional equivalence, which refers to the way
the brain doesn't always distinguish between imagining an action and
physically doing it.
分析 本句为主从复合句，句子的主干为Another phenomenon is called
functional equivalence。现在分词短语highlighting...the imagination作后
置定语，修饰phenomenon；which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词
functional equivalence，其中the brain doesn't...doing it为定语从句，修
饰先行词the way。
译文 另一个凸显想象力重要性的现象被称为功能等同，它指的是大脑
并不是总能区分想象某个动作与实际执行该动作的方式。(共44张PPT)
专题一 阅读理解
题组二 细节理解（二）
A
语篇类型：应用文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·湖南长沙长郡中学统考）
Track Your Package
You can find tracking information in your order details. If an
order includes multiple items, each may have separate delivery dates
and tracking information.
How to track your package
1.Go to Your Orders.
2.Find the order you want to track.
3.Select Track Package next to your order.
4.View all updates to track delivery progress.
If there are many items in your order, each may have separate
delivery dates and tracking information.
Find solutions to common delivery problems
●Your order hasn't shipped yet
Check the estimated delivery date by selecting Track Package in
Your Orders. If you're expecting the package today and don't see a
status update, that's normal. Depending on the carrier, items may ship
the same day they're delivered. If you're not expecting the package
today, please wait for the tracking information to be updated.#1.3.3.2
●Tracking information does not update
Carriers may have more detailed information about your package.
To track your package on the carrier website or contact them, go to
Carrier Contact Information. If tracking information is not available,
go to Missing Tracking Information.#1.3.3.4
●Your order is delayed
If the expected delivery date has passed, keep in mind that
weather, traffic, and more can cause delivery delays. Most late
packages will arrive within 24 to 48 hours of the expected delivery
date. If the order has already been shipped, you can't cancel it. Check
our recommended actions for Late Deliveries.#1.3.3.6
●Tracking information shows your order was delivered but you haven't
received it
Follow our recommended steps to Find a Package That Shows as
Delivered.#1.3.3.8
★1. Where can you find the tracking information of your
package ( )
A
A. Your Orders.
B. Late Deliveries.
C. Missing Tracking Information.
D. Find a Package That Shows as Delivered.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“You can find tracking
information in your order details.”以及后续步骤中的“1.Go to Your
Orders.”可知，您可以在“Your Orders”中找到包裹的跟踪信息。故选A。
★2. What should you do if your package doesn't arrive as
expected ( )
B
A. Cancel the order.
B. Wait for a day or two.
C. Check the weather forecast.
D. Figure out the cause of delay.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据“Your order is delayed”部分的建议“Most late
packages will arrive within 24 to 48 hours of the expected delivery
date.”可知，如果包裹没有按预期到达，应该等待一两天。故选B。
3. In which section of a shopping website will you find this
text ( )
C
A. Get to Know Us. B. Payment Products.
C. Let Us Help You. D. Make Money with Us.
[解析] 推理判断题。文章提供了关于如何追踪包裹和常见配送问题
（订单未发货、跟踪信息不更新、订单延迟或跟踪信息显示订单已送
达但实际上未收到包裹）的解决办法。这些信息对用户在购物过程中
遇到问题时非常有用，因此最有可能出现在网站的客服或帮助中心部
分。故选C。
词汇积累
1.multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的
2.update n.最新消息 v.更新
3.ship v.运输，运送（熟词生义）
4.keep...in mind将……记在心中；记住；考虑到
B
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与自然
（2025·安徽淮南二模）
A Great Oak Table—plus accompanying benches capable of
seating 60 comes after locals raised ￡22,555 to transform a 500-year-
old oak tree that fell in a storm 15 years ago into what they believe
is the longest table ever to be crafted from a single oak tree.
The project is the brainchild of Elizabeth-Jane Baldry, a local
harpist who bought the spot—then poor quality former agricultural
land—18 years ago. She named it Pigwiggen Wood, and with the help
of her two sons, has since turned it into a wildlife refuge.
The dream to crown the space with a grand oak table was a
longstanding one, Baldry told Positive News: “The Tudor oak came
from an old estate in mid-Devon,” she said. “Five hundred years in
the growing and 500 years preserved as a table in a Devon wood, a
place where people can gather to share food, friendship and lively
conversation.” Many of the comments from people who supported the
crowdfunding campaign brought tears to Baldry's eyes.
“Some people donated from across the oceans, and even though
it's unlikely that they will ever sit at the table, they said they'd
donated just because knowing the Great Oak Table existed made them
feel better about the world,” she said. “Over and over again the word
‘magical’ came up, an indication I think that we're all so hungry for
enchantment and a sense of belonging.”
And now there are all the stories still to come, Baldry added,
“the midsummer feasts, the bowls of steaming soup cooked over the
fire on winter days, the children drawing and making things, the
parish picnics, and the essential quiet days when visitors can simply
relax and soak up the magic.”#1.7
★4. What is special about the Great Oak Table ( )
B
A. It is made from a rare type of oak.
B. It is the most extensive single-oak table.
C. Its benches have a seating capacity of 18.
D. It is located in a significant agricultural land.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“what they believe is the longest
table ever to be crafted from a single oak tree”可知，大橡木桌的特别
之处是这是单棵橡树制成的最大的桌子。故选B。
5. What can be inferred about the donors to the crowdfunding
campaign ( )
C
A. They were hungry for the midsummer feasts.
B. They were preserving ancient crafting techniques.
C. They valued the symbolic meaning of the project.
D. They have experienced the joy of sitting at the table.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“they said they'd donated
just because knowing the Great Oak Table existed made them feel
better about the world”和“Over and over again the word ‘magical’
came up, an indication I think that we're all so hungry for
enchantment and a sense of belonging.”可推知，捐助者重视这项工程
的象征意义。故选C。
★6. How does Baldry envision the table's future role ( )
D
A. A temporary attraction for tourists.
B. A symbol of personal achievement.
C. A useful tool for cooking purposes.
D. A lasting place for shared connections.
[解析] 细节理解题。分析最后一段中Baldry说的话可知，列举的所有
活动（仲夏盛宴、冬季围炉煮汤、儿童绘画和手工制作、野餐、游客
前来放松等）都围绕着“共享（shared）”和“联系（connections）”的核
心概念。故选D。
7. What can we learn from the text ( )
C
A. Tradition ends where modern ambition begins.
B. Silent forests hold secrets beyond our understanding.
C. Magic blossoms when people unite to preserve heritage.
D. Beauty in nature fades quickly if left without an observant eye.
[解析] 推理判断题。文章体现了社区行动带来的积极影响：当地人通
过众筹（raised ￡22,555）将一棵倒下的500年橡树（遗产）转化为公
共橡木桌，创造了魔法般的（magical）体验和归属感。这体现了
“people unite（人们团结）”“preserve heritage（保护遗产）”和“magic
blossoms（魔法绽放）”的因果关系。故选C。
词汇积累
1.capable adj.有能力的
2.preserve v.保护；维护
3.indication n.表明；标示；显示；象征
4.hungry adj.渴望得到；渴求（熟词生义）
5.envision（en+vision）（派） v.展望，想象
6.blossom v.开花（词性活用）
7.observant adj.善于观察的
长难句解读
原句 A Great Oak Table—plus accompanying benches capable of
seating 60 comes after locals raised ￡22,555 to transform a 500-year-
old oak tree that fell in a storm 15 years ago into what they believe
is the longest table ever to be crafted from a single oak tree.
分析 本句为主从复合句，句子的主干为A Great Oak Table comes。
破折号和comes之间的内容补充说明主语；after引导时间状语从句，其
中to transform...为不定式作目的状语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词
oak tree；what引导宾语从句，作介词into的宾语。
译文 一张大橡木桌——另附带可容纳60人的长凳——在当地人筹集
22,555英镑后诞生。这笔资金用于将一棵15年前在风暴中倒下的树龄达
500年的橡树改造成他们心目中由单棵橡树制成的最长桌子。
C
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·山西晋城二模）
It's impossible to predict when we're going to die. But if we're
aiming for a long and healthy life, it pays to worry less about our
genes（基因）—which we can't change anyway—and more about our
lifestyle and surroundings. That's the conclusion of a new study
published in Nature Medicine.
The study was based on data from more than 490,000 people, all
of whom are registered with the UK Biobank, a massive collection of
participants' detailed medical histories. The researchers used this rich
data to study the influence of genes and more than 100 environmental
and socioeconomic factors on the risk of 22 diseases that make up
most of the major causes of death.
To do that, they focused especially closely on a subset of 45,000
people whose blood samples had been subjected to what is known as
proteomic profiling: an analysis of thousands of proteins or genes that
help determine physical age compared to calendar age.
“We can get an estimation of how quickly or slowly each
participant is aging biologically compared to their calendar age,” says
lead author Austin Argentieri from Massachusetts General Hospital.
“This is referred to as the ‘proteomic age gap’, since it's the gap in
years between protein-predicted age and calendar age.”
Just knowing that age gap, of course, is only part of the picture.
Equally important is the cause of that gap. To help determine that, the
researchers analyzed people's various environmental and behavioral
exposures that contribute to disease and biological age.
These factors include income, neighborhood, employment status, diet,
as well as whether people smoke or exercise regularly. To cover the
genetic side, researchers looked for genetic markers associated with the
22 key diseases.
The results were striking. Environment and lifestyle accounted for
17% of people's disease-related risk of dying, compared to just 2%
for genetics. Of the various environmental exposures, smoking was the
riskiest behavior, linked to 21 diseases; socioeconomic factors such as
income, neighborhood were associated with 19 diseases; and a lack of
physical activity was linked to 17 diseases.#1.8
★8. What did the researchers do in their study ( )
A
A. They analyzed the causes of 22 diseases.
B. They focused on 100 environmental factors.
C. They interviewed more than 490,000 people.
D. They collected blood samples from 45,000 people.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The researchers used this rich
data to study the influence of genes and more than 100 environmental
and socioeconomic factors on the risk of 22 diseases that make up
most of the major causes of death.”可知，研究人员主要是通过分析22
种疾病的诱因来得出结论的。故选A。
★9. Which of the following is the so-called proteomic age gap ( )
C
A. Protein-predicted age+calendar age.
B. Calendar age-Proteomic age gap.
C. Protein-predicted age-calendar age.
D. Proteomic age gap-calendar age.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“This is referred to as the
‘proteomic age gap’, since it's the gap in years between protein-
predicted age and calendar age.”可知，proteomic age gap指的是根据
蛋白质预测的年龄与实际年龄之差。故选C。
★10. Which factor has the biggest effect on our health ( )
D
A. Diet. B. Income.
C. Physical activity. D. Smoking.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Of the various environmental
exposures, smoking was the riskiest behavior, linked to 21 diseases;
socioeconomic factors such as income, neighborhood were associated
with 19 diseases”可知，吸烟对人的健康影响最大。故选D。
11. What can we learn from the new research ( )
B
A. Our genes determine our intelligence.
B. Our lifestyles matter more than our genes.
C. It is easy to control the environmental factors.
D. It is vital to monitor some diseases in advance.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“But if we're aiming for a long
and healthy life, it pays to worry less about our genes...and more
about our lifestyle and surroundings.”及最后一段中的“Environment and
lifestyle accounted for 17% of people's disease-related risk of dying,
compared to just 2% for genetics.”可推断，我们更应该关注生活习惯
而不是基因。故选B。
词汇积累
1.pay v.（某种做法）有好处（熟词生义）
2.make up形成，构成
3.be subjected to经受（处理或分析）
4.age v.变老（词性活用）
5.striking adj.引人注目的；异乎寻常的；显著的
6.account for占（一定数量或比例）；解释，说明
长难句解读
原句 To do that, they focused especially closely on a subset of 45,000
people whose blood samples had been subjected to what is known as
proteomic profiling: an analysis of thousands of proteins or genes that
help determine physical age compared to calendar age.
分析 本句为主从复合句，句子的主干为they focused especially closely
on a subset of 45,000 people。不定式To do that作目的状语；whose引
导定语从句，修饰先行词45,000 people，其中what引导宾语从句，作to
的宾语。冒号后内容作proteomic profiling的同位语，对其进行具体解
释，其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词proteins or genes；过去分词短
语compared to calendar age作状语。
译文 为此，研究人员特别仔细地关注了45,000人中的一个子集，这些
人的血液样本曾被用于进行所谓的蛋白质组学分析：即对数千种有助于
确定（与日历年龄相比的）生理年龄的蛋白质或基因进行分析。
D
语篇类型：议论文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·广东深圳一模）
Sarah Presch, digital marketing director at Dragon Metrics,
highlights concerns about how Google manages search results,
particularly on controversial topics. She discovered that Google is
essentially delivering information based on what users want to see,
rather than providing a balanced view, creating a “bias （偏见）
machine”.#1.3
With over 6.3 million queries processed every second, Google's
search results hold immense influence over public knowledge and
perception. Users tend to focus only on the first few links, limiting
their exposure to diverse viewpoints. Such dynamics raise the issue of
“filter bubbles”, where users may be trapped in a cycle that
strengthens their existing beliefs. Critics argue that the algorithms
（算法） used by Google contribute significantly to this problem,
presenting a limited selection of information based on users'
preferences.#1.4
Mark Williams-Cook, founder of AlsoAsked, emphasizes the
technical limitations of search engines and the misunderstandings
surrounding them. He references internal Google documents revealing
that the company often relies on user engagement data rather than
comprehending content. This practice can promote confirmation bias,
leading users towards information that aligns with their views, similar
to a child choosing an unhealthy diet based only on preference.#1.5
Google acknowledges the complexity of its search system and
emphasizes ongoing efforts to enhance its algorithms to tackle these
issues. While the company declares that it provides a range of
viewpoints, the reality remains that most users do not go beyond the
top search results, which limits their exposure to diverse perspectives.
Critics believe Google should better educate users about how its
search engine functions, as a clearer understanding of these processes
could foster critical consumption of information. As Google evolves
into an “answer engine” that provides direct information, the challenge
of ensuring balanced and informative content remains crucial for
public knowledge.#1.7
12. What is a possible consequence of “filter bubbles” ( )
D
A. A craze for controversial topics.
B. A prohibition on search engines.
C. Dependence on online information.
D. Inaccessibility to differing opinions.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Such dynamics raise the issue
of ‘filter bubbles’, where users may be trapped in a cycle that
strengthens their existing beliefs.”可推知，“filter bubbles”可能使用户不
能接受不同的意见。故选D。
★13. Why does Mark Williams-Cook criticize Google's search
engine ( )
A
A. It depends heavily on user data.
B. It provides wrong information.
C. It promotes unhealthy lifestyles.
D. It fails to comprehend instructions.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He references internal Google
documents revealing that the company often relies on user engagement
data rather than comprehending content. This practice can promote
confirmation bias...”可知， Mark Williams-Cook批评谷歌的搜索引擎是
因为它在很大程度上依赖用户数据。故选A。
★14. What does Google declare regarding search results ( )
A
A. It provides a diversity of ideas.
B. It's the users who are to blame.
C. Its algorithms are accurate enough.
D. Its search system is far from complex.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“While the company declares that
it provides a range of viewpoints, the reality remains that most users
do not go beyond the top search results”可知，谷歌声称搜索结果提供
多种观点。故选A。
★15. What do critics suggest Google do ( )
D
A. Provide easier access to information.
B. Teach more public knowledge online.
C. Educate its users about consumption habits.
D. Publicize its search engine's working principle.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Critics believe Google should
better educate users about how its search engine functions, as a
clearer understanding of these processes could foster critical
consumption of information.”可知，评论家们建议谷歌宣传其搜索引擎
的工作原理。故选D。
词汇积累
1.controversial adj.有争议的，引发争论的
2.process v.加工；处理
3.dynamics ［pl.］ n.动态，（人或事物）相互作用的方式（熟词生义）
4.emphasize v.强调，重视；使突出
5.reference v.查阅，参考（词性活用）
6.complexity（complex+ity）（派） n.复杂性
长难句解读
原句 While the company declares that it provides a range of
viewpoints, the reality remains that most users do not go beyond the
top search results, which limits their exposure to diverse perspectives.
分析 本句为主从复合句。While引导让步状语从句，其中that引导宾语
从句，作declares的宾语；remains后的that引导表语从句，说明the
reality的内容；which引导非限制性定语从句，指代两个逗号之间的内容。
译文 尽管公司宣称提供多种观点，但现实情况是，大多数用户不会浏
览排名靠后的搜索结果，这限制了他们对多元观点的接触。(共47张PPT)
专题一 阅读理解
题组八 主旨大意（一）
A
语篇类型：夹叙夹议文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·山西太原二模）
Right now, I have three different water bottles sitting on my desk.
My makeup table is so messy that it would take me at least three
minutes to locate my lipstick. Under my bed I have bags, purses and
who knows what else that I've forgotten about. Sound familiar Be
honest: How often does your social media scrolling lead to shopping
And how many of those things that advertisements made you buy did
you actually need
Advertising, or marketing, often gets the blame for fueling
wasteful consumption, and I can see why. It involves employing
persuasive techniques to encourage an addictive behavior that results
in repeat panies often advocate strategies such as limited-
time discounts, promotions and coupons （优惠券）. I've definitely
fallen for them many times. A membership card is another effective
form of marketing that increases the likelihood of returning customers.
Since buying more will lead to the accumulation of loyalty points
（积分）, customers will return regularly to purchase items. When
their loyalty points are about to expire, customers will return to buy
more even if they do not need them.
But here's the thing: It's not just advertising. The rise of
inexpensive products made on a large scale has made it way too easy
to live wastefully. These products are often affordable and non-durable
so that they can be frequently replenished （补充） at low cost. I
mean, how many of us have bought a trendy ＄10 shirt, only to
throw it after wearing it a few times Similarly, fast furniture is
generating massive waste as home owners turn to these cheap and
stylish pieces of furniture that often do not last long. The faster
buyers replenish their products, the more waste is created.
As I sit here, surrounded by the mess and reflecting on my
shopping habits, a realization has dawned on me. It is ultimately the
choice of individuals who must decide what they should buy and not
be influenced by advertising or submit to the temptation of cheap and
trendy products. After all, there is just so much we can eat, wear or
use. Maybe it's time to think twice before clicking “add to cart”.#1.6
1. How does the author introduce the topic ( )
B
A. By comparing different lifestyles.
B. By relating to her own experience.
C. By stressing her addiction to technology.
D. By questioning the function of household items.
[解析] 推理判断题。文章第一段开篇描述了作者自身的生活场景，随
后通过“Sound familiar ”等问句引发读者共鸣，进而过渡到社交媒体购
物、广告诱导消费等主题。这显然是通过讲述自身经历来引入话题的，
故选B。
2. Why is advertising blamed for wasteful consumption according to
paragraph 2 ( )
C
A. It forces people to buy large packages.
B. It exposes people to constant disturbance.
C. It tempts people to make repeat purchases.
D. It misguides people with false information.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Advertising, or marketing, often
gets the blame for fueling wasteful consumption, and I can see why.
It involves employing persuasive techniques to encourage an addictive
behavior that results in repeat buying.”可知，广告被指责导致浪费性消
费是因为它运用有说服力的技巧诱使人们重复购买。故选C。
3. What does the author intend to say in the last paragraph ( )
D
A. Trendy products need quality upgrades.
B. Advertising content requires strict regulations.
C. Social media platforms should set a limit to ads.
D. Shopping decisions should be based on real needs.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“It is ultimately the choice of
individuals who must decide what they should buy and not be
influenced by advertising or submit to the temptation of cheap and
trendy products.”可知，作者在最后一段想说人们要决定自己应该买什
么，而不是受广告影响或屈服于廉价时尚产品的诱惑，即购物决策应
该基于实际需求。故选D。
★4. Which is a suitable title for the text ( )
C
A. Mass Production: From Trend to Trash
B. Advertising: The Mastermind that Misleads Us
C. What on Earth Drives Wasteful Consumption
D. Does Social Media Contribute to Repeat Buying
[解析] 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其第二段中“Advertising, or
marketing, often gets the blame for fueling wasteful consumption”和第
三段中“The rise of inexpensive products made on a large scale has
made it way too easy to live wastefully.”可知，文章主要探讨了导致
浪费性消费的原因，包括广告营销和廉价大规模生产产品等。C项“究
竟是什么驱使了浪费性消费 ”能概括文章内容，最适合做文章标题。
词汇积累
1.involve v.包含；需要
2.employ v.应用；运用；使用（熟词生义）
3.addictive（addict+ive）（派） adj.使人上瘾的；使人入迷的
4.accumulation（accumulate+ion）（派） n.积累；积聚
5.way adv.大大地;远远地（熟词生义）
6.relate to谈到；与……相联系
7.disturbance n.（受）打扰，干扰，妨碍
B
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·湖南岳阳二模）
In Kibaha, Tanzania, near the capital Dar es Salaam, architects
are set to build a new village with “earth printing”. Funded by charity
One Heart, Hope Village has been designed by architecture firms
Hassell and ClarkeHopkinsClarke to help and house children from
across the country who have experienced hardship or unsafe home
environments.
The village will offer schooling for up to 480 children, as well
as accommodation, childcare and skills training for 3- to 18-year-old
girls. The landmark building for Hope Village is its community center,
a 3D-printed design that will serve as a school hall and cafeteria
during the week and open to the wider community for events at
weekends.
“We wanted to make sure that we're able to create walls that
could circulate air in the building, but at the same time also bring in
light,” said Xavier De Kestelier, Hassell's head of design and
innovation, “and turning to 3D printing allowed for an open, ‘porous’
（多孔的） wall design.”
The earth suitable for printing typically contains 15% to 30%
clay giving it natural bonding characteristics. The walls will not be
load-bearing, as a metal structure will support the roof that covers the
walls and protects them from the elements. The roof will be made
from short lengths of locally sourced wood, connected in an
interlocking design on the ground before being raised up and covering
the frame like a fabric tent and finished with sheet metal, explained
De Kestelier.
“The plan is not just to use technology but to bring technology
to the site in Tanzania and leave it there,” said De Kestelier. As part
of the project's commitment to community outreach and skills training,
the constructors will teach locals how to use the printer so the
community can construct further buildings in the future.#1.7
5. What is Hope Village in Kibaha aimed at ( )
D
A. Engaging in charity activities.
B. Restoring unsafe environments.
C. Experimenting with earth printing.
D. Providing shelter for disadvantaged children.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Hope Village has been
designed...to help and house children from across the country who
have experienced hardship or unsafe home environments”可知，Hope
Village的主要目的是为经历困境或家庭环境不安全的儿童提供帮助和
住所。故选D。
6. What do we know about the community center ( )
C
A. Its walls bear heavy weight.
B. It offers children schooling.
C. It's a 3D-printed building.
D. It opens to all during weekdays.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The landmark building for Hope
Village is its community center, a 3D-printed design...”可知，社区中心
是3D打印建筑。故选C。
★7. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about ( )
B
A. Environmental benefits of clay.
B. Materials and design of the building.
C. 3D printing for wall construction.
D. Techniques in modern architecture.
[解析] 段落大意题。通读第四段内容可知，本段主要介绍了建筑的材
料（如含15%到30%黏土的土壤用于打印，屋顶使用当地木材等）和设
计（如非承重墙、屋顶设计等）。故选B。
8. What is the principle of the project ( )
A
A. Teach a man to fish.
B. Innovation is the key to growth.
C. A good beginning is half done.
D. Share knowledge, share success.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“As part of the project's
commitment to community outreach and skills training, the constructors
will teach locals how to use the printer so the community can
construct further buildings in the future.”可知，项目的理念是教会当地
人使用打印机，以便他们未来能够自行建造更多建筑，这体现了“授人
以渔”的原则。故选A。
词汇积累
1.firm n.公司（熟词生义）
2.house v.给（某人）提供住处（词性活用）
3.accommodation（accommodate+ion）（派） n.住处
4.characteristic n.特征；特点；品质
5.disadvantaged adj.弱势的，社会地位低下的
长难句解读
原句 Funded by charity One Heart, Hope Village has been designed by
architecture firms Hassell and ClarkeHopkinsClarke to help and house
children from across the country who have experienced hardship or
unsafe home environments.
分析 本句为主从复合句。过去分词短语Funded by charity One Heart
作状语；动词不定式短语to help and house children...作目的状语，其
中who引导定语从句，修饰先行词children。
译文 在慈善组织One Heart的资助下，建筑事务所Hassell与
ClarkeHopkinsClarke共同设计了“希望村”，旨在帮助并安置那些来自全
国各地、曾经历困境或家庭环境不安全的儿童。
C
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然
（2025·重庆育才中学模拟）
Modern ecology has revolutionized our understanding of forests.
No longer seen as passive collections of trees, they are now
recognized as dynamic communities connected by vast underground
fungal （真菌的） networks called the “Wood Wide Web”. These
complex mycorrhizal （与菌根有关的） systems enable trees to
exchange nutrients, transmit danger signals, recognize relationship, and
even pass on survival strategies—capabilities that redefine traditional
concepts of plant behavior.
The most convincing evidence comes from a 2022 Nature study
in British Columbia's ancient forests. Researchers discovered that
“mother trees”—mature Douglas firs—prioritize their own seedlings,
directing 15% more carbon to them than to unrelated young trees.
When beetles attack, the affected trees release chemical signals through
the fungal network, reminding neighboring trees within 30 meters to
activate defensive responses within two days—a process notably
similar to immune reactions in animals.
Remarkably, these fungal networks may also help trees “remember”
past experiences. Trees that survive droughts “teach” their offspring
through the fungal connections, resulting in subsequent generations
developing deeper roots and more efficient water conservation methods.
This cross-generational memory, encoded in exchanged proteins and
chemical signals, represents a form of collective intelligence.
However, this delicate communication system faces serious threats.
Industrial logging destroys fungal networks, with studies showing
cleared areas need 15 years to recover to reestablish 60% of original
network density. Furthermore, climate change aggravates the damage:
rising temperatures in Alberta have reduced mycorrhizal diversity by
30% since 2000. “We're not just losing trees individually, but we're
destroying an ancient biological network severely,” warns University of
British Columbia ecologist Dr. Suzanne Simard, whose 30-year
research supports these findings.
These discoveries are changing how we view forests. Some
scientists argue they show a form of “plant intelligence”, while legal
experts debate giving forests special protections. Sweden has already
taken action, requiring loggers to protect key “mother trees” to
preserve the network.#1.7
9. Why do the trees give off chemical signals when attacked ( )
C
A. To identify genetic relationships.
B. To store drought survival strategies.
C. To inform neighbors of defensive preparations.
D. To speed up the carbon transfer among the trees.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中“When beetles attack, the affected
trees release chemical signals through the fungal network, reminding
neighboring trees within 30 meters to activate defensive responses
within two days”可知，树木在受到攻击时释放化学信号是为了通知相
邻树木做好防御准备。故选C。
10. What can we learn about the “cross-generational memory” from
paragraph 3 ( )
D
A. It fades in a short time.
B. It leads to protein exchange.
C. It relies on root-to-root contact.
D. It helps pass down survival skills.
[解析] 细节理解题。第三段第二句提到，熬过干旱的树木会通过菌根
网络向后代“传授”生存之道，促使新生代树木发展出更深的根系与更
高效的水分保持机制，随即第三句提到，这种通过交换蛋白质和化学
信号形成的“跨代记忆”，展现了一种群体智慧形态。由此可知，“跨代
记忆”有助于传承生存技能。故选D。
11. What does the underlined word “aggravates” mean in paragraph
4 ( )
B
A. Analyzes. B. Worsens. C. Records. D. Relieves.
[解析] 词句猜测题。画线词上文提到，被砍伐的区域需要 15 年的时
间才能恢复到原始网络密度 60%的状态，下文提到，自2000年以来，
Alberta不断上升的气温使菌根多样性减少了30%。由此可知，气候变化
让这种破坏变得更糟了。故画线词的意思是“使变得更糟”。故选B。
★12. What is the main idea of the text ( )
A
A. The intelligent network among trees.
B. The emerging threats to forest ecosystems.
C. The destructive effects of climate on forests.
D. The important role of mother trees in forests.
[解析] 主旨大意题。文章开篇提到“菌根网络”，它能够使树木交换养
分、传递危险信号、识别彼此的关系，甚至传递生存策略，后文围绕
这些点展开，主要说明了现代生态学揭示森林是通过菌根网络连接的
动态群落，其能交流、传递记忆，但该系统受工业伐木和气候变化威
胁。由此可知，这篇文章主要说的是树木之间的智能网络。故选A。
词汇积累
1.revolutionize（revolution+ize）（派） v.彻底改变；完全变革
2.survival（survive+al）（派） n.生存；存活；幸存
3.prioritize v.按重要性排列；划分优先顺序；优先处理
4.subsequent adj.随后的；后来的；之后的
5.defensive（defense+ive）（派） adj.防御的；保护的；保卫的
6.pass down 使世代相传；流传
长难句解读
原句Trees that survive droughts “teach” their offspring through the
fungal connections, resulting in subsequent generations developing
deeper roots and more efficient water conservation methods.
分析本句为主从复合句。that引导定语从句，修饰先行词trees，现在分
词短语resulting in...作结果状语，其中subsequent generations
developing deeper roots...为现在分词的复合结构作resulting in的宾语。
译文在干旱中存活的树木通过真菌连接“传授”给后代生存法则，从而
使后代长出更深的根系并发展出更高效的保水机制。
D
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·湖南师大附中三模）
Yesterday, I was standing in line at a store and the song Please
Come to Boston, which was quite popular when I was in high school,
came on in the background. I hadn't heard it for years. Suddenly, I
was overcome by flashbacks of people and places linked to that song
from earlier stages of my life.
It seems people tend to be extremely nostalgic （怀旧的） about
the music they listened to when they were young. Psychological
research has shown that autobiographical memories （life experiences）
from certain time periods are remembered better than others. One
obvious phenomenon is the “reminiscence bump” （记忆隆起）: the
fact that people tend to recall memories of their adolescence much
better. That's because this period contains many novel and self-defining
life experiences such as graduation. Biological changes may also boost
the effectiveness of our memories from this period.
In our experiment, we investigated the presence of the “musical
reminiscence bump” in a group of 470 adults aged 18 to 82. Our aim
was to examine how a person's age when a song was popular affected
three related but distinct concepts: the degree to which the song was
associated with autobiographical memories, how familiar the song was
and how much they liked the song. Participants were shown the titles
and artists of 111 pop songs that had featured in the charts across a
65-year period （1950~2015）: After a given time, they were asked
to complete the measurement.
We discovered music during one's adolescence was rated as more
familiar. In addition, we found some songs were preferred regardless
of a participant's age. For instance, we saw a general increase in how
much people liked songs from the late 1970s to early 1980s, even in
participants who weren't yet born during that time period. Examples of
songs we used from this time period include Hotel California by the
Eagles.
Music can undeniably cause nostalgia. For example, advertisers
want to inspire a nostalgic reaction from a certain group of consumers.
And doctors who aim to reconnect patients suffering from memory
loss with self-defining memories from their pasts can also take
advantage of nostalgia.#1.7
13. What do we know about the reminiscence bump ( )
C
A. It occurs throughout our whole life.
B. It enhances childhood memories.
C. It associates more memorable events.
D. It explains why some have a better memory than others.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中“One obvious phenomenon is the
‘reminiscence bump’: the fact that people tend to recall memories of
their adolescence much better.”可知，“记忆隆起” 与更难忘的事件相关。
故选C。
14. What were participants required to do in the study ( )
A
A. Rate three music-related questions.
B. Make a list of their favorite songs and artists.
C. Learn to sing some songs released in the past 65 years.
D. Compare the features of pop songs from different periods.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段可知，研究目的是调查歌曲流行时参
与者的年龄如何影响三个相关但不同的概念：歌曲与自述记忆的关联
程度；对歌曲的熟悉程度；对歌曲的喜爱程度。参与者看到歌曲标题
和艺术家名后，完成评估（complete the measurement），即对这三个
方面进行评分。故选A。
15. What can be inferred from the last paragraph ( )
B
A. All doctors are responsible for treating nostalgia.
B. Musical nostalgia has practical applications in life.
C. Too much nostalgia may lead to memory loss to a degree.
D. Advertisers are good at analyzing consumers' musical tastes.
[解析] 推理判断题。最后一段提到广告商利用音乐怀旧激发特定消费
者群体的怀旧反应；医生利用音乐怀旧帮助记忆丧失患者再次连接记
忆。这说明音乐怀旧在现实生活中有实际用途。故选B。
★16. Which of the following is the best title for the passage ( )
C
A. Fond Memories Lie in Familiar Melodies
B. Timeless Songs Bridge Generational Gaps
C. Songs from Our Teens Form Lifelong Memories
D. Reminiscence Bump Effect Discloses Your Growth
[解析] 主旨大意题。作者由听到一首老歌引发对过去的回忆引出 “记
忆隆起” 这一现象，介绍了关于 “音乐记忆隆起” 的实验，发现人们对
青少年时期的音乐更熟悉且部分歌曲受不同年龄段喜爱，最后阐述音
乐引发的怀旧情绪在生活中有实际应用。选项 C “我们青少年时期的
歌曲形成终身记忆”符合文章主旨，为最佳标题。
词汇积累
1.recall v.记起；回忆起；回想起
2.adolescence n.青春期
3.boost v.使增长；使兴旺
4.distinct adj.截然不同的；有区别的；不同种类的(共47张PPT)
专题一 阅读理解
题组九 主旨大意（二）
A
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然
（2025·山东潍坊一模）
Imagine a world where food security relies on just a few crops.
This is not fiction but our current path. Agricultural biodiversity—the
lifeblood of flexible ecosystems—is collapsing due to climate change,
habitat destruction, and industrial farming. Over 75% of plant genetic
diversity has disappeared in a century, with just nine species now
dominating global crop production. Such reliance on uniform crops
leaves food systems open to pests, diseases, and climate extremes.
Genetic diversity acts as a natural barrier against environmental
changes. Different crop varieties respond differently to stressors,
providing farmers with options to manage risks. When one crop fails,
others can compensate, helping to safeguard harvests and livelihoods.
However, as the diversity on our farms drops, farmers have fewer
tools to adapt to the growing challenge brought by environmental
change.
The fall brings numerous consequences, and human health suffers
as well. Global diets now center on energy-rich but nutrient-poor food,
resulting in 11 million annual diet-related deaths. And reduced access
to diverse fruits and vegetables worsens malnutrition（营养不良）
globally.
Turning the trend around requires a multi-aspect approach that
combines conservation, sustainable farming practices, and scientific
innovation. Central to these efforts is the conservation of genetic
resources—the seeds, genes, and living organisms that sustain our food
systems. The global gene bank network developed by CGIAR
conserves over 700,000 accessions of more than 3,000 locally
important and less well-known plant species. Sending samples out to
thousands of requesters worldwide every year, it brings diversity back
into communities, fields, and landscapes. We ourselves also need to
bring biodiversity back into our fields. Agroecological practices, such
as crop alternation, intercropping, and agroforestry, capitalize on the
power of biodiversity to enhance soil health, control pests, and
improve water use efficiency.
Biodiversity is our insurance against environmental uncertainty.
But like any insurance, it only works if we maintain it. Today's
choices determine tomorrow's food recovery capacity. By boosting
conservation and innovation, we can safeguard the genetic foundation
of our survival. The seeds of the future are in our hands—let them
thrive.#1.7
1. What is discussed regarding global agriculture ( )
A
A. The decline of agricultural biodiversity.
B. The mismatch of food supply and demand.
C. The lack of advanced agricultural technology.
D. The overuse of chemical fertilizers in farming.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段中“Agricultural biodiversity...is
collapsing...Over 75% of plant genetic diversity has disappeared in a
century...global crop production.”可知，文章讨论了农业生物多样性正
在崩溃，全球作物生产中植物遗传多样性大幅减少。故选A。
2. What does the underlined word “compensate” in paragraph 2
mean ( )
C
A. Suffer from the risk. B. Speed up the recovery.
C. Make up for the loss. D. Increase the diversity.
[解析] 词义猜测题。画线单词前“When one crop fails”以及后文
“helping to safeguard harvests and livelihoods”并结合上句可知，本句
句意为“当一种作物歉收时，其他作物可以弥补损失，从而保障收成和
生计”，由此可知，compensate意为“弥补，补偿”，与C选项“弥补损失”
意思相近。
★3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about ( )
C
A. The role of CGIAR.
B. Impacts of farming practices.
C. Measures to increase biodiversity.
D. The importance of genetic diversity.
[解析] 段落大意题。第四段首句表明扭转农业生物多样性下降的趋势
需要多方面的方法，包括保护、可持续农业实践和科学创新，接着介
绍了全球基因库网络的作用以及农业生态实践，如作物轮作、间作和
农林业等。所以第四段主要讲的是增加农业生物多样性的措施。故选C。
4. What does the author agree with ( )
A
A. Immediate human action is vital.
B. Future global food supply is assured.
C. Buying insurance for crops is a must.
D. Traditional genetic seeds are hard to survive.
[解析] 推理判断题。最后一段提到，我们现在的选择决定着未来的食
物恢复能力，我们要通过加强保护和创新来保障生存的遗传基础，未
来的种子在我们手中。由此可推知，作者认为人类立即采取行动至关
重要。故选A。
词汇积累
1.biodiversity（bio+diversity）（派） n.生物多样性
2.collapse v.崩溃;瓦解
3.uniform adj.一致的，统一的，一律的（熟词生义）
4.safeguard（safe+guard）（合） v.保护；保障；捍卫
5.sustainable（sustain+able）（派） adj.可持续的
6.practice n.做法（熟词生义）
7.capitalize on充分利用；从……中获得更多的好处
8.capacity n.能力
长难句解读
原句 Central to these efforts is the conservation of genetic resources—
the seeds, genes, and living organisms that sustain our food systems.
分析 本句为倒装句，属于表语前置，其主干正常语序为The
conservation of genetic resources is central to these efforts。破折号后
内容作genetic resources的同位语，其中that引导定语从句，修饰前面的
并列名词（短语）seeds、genes和living organisms。
译文 这些努力的核心在于保护遗传资源——即维持我们食物体系的种
子、基因与生物体。
B
语篇类型：新闻报道 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·四川成都三模）
Some middle school students in Anne Arundel County are trying
to solve a problem for one of their peers who uses a wheelchair. By
doing so, they won a major award for their school, and it has
qualified them for a nationwide competition.
Southern Middle School students and their science teacher, Jenna
Borman, are working on a prototype desk that they hope to attach to
the wheelchair of their classmate, Kenneth, who has a special disease
and uses a laptop as his primary means of communication.
“At present, the iPad is in a pretty heavy case and has a strap
（带子） that goes around his neck and a handle on the back of it
for him to hold. When he's seated, it kind of just lies in his lap. It's
not very easy for him to use,” Borman said. “Kenneth always has to
hold his iPad, and so this project is going to help him just set it
there so his hands are free,” said Julia Baker on the social media, a
student of this school.
What started off as an engineering after-school program has
turned into an award-winning idea. The students recently won a
statewide Science Technology Engineering Math （STEM）
competition called “Solve for Tomorrow”, which came with ＄12,000
worth of technology for the school.
“We thought it was just an idea for Kenneth, and then we won.
So, it was like, wow,” said Avery Willet excitedly.
“This whole project is really teaching us how to work together
and how we can help other people and not just us,” added Everleigh
Finnelle.
“I learned how to work with others and a lot of teamwork so
that we could make this project the best it could be,” said Haley
Brown.
“There is still room for improvement. Our team is working on
the prototype, making adjustments so it works perfectly for Kenneth.
We're really looking forward to seeing him using it and putting all of
our work into it,” Finnelle said.
The final design is not due for the national competition until next
month.#1.11
5. Why did the students come up with the idea of the prototype
desk ( )
C
A. To test what they've learnt in school.
B. To join a national technology contest.
C. To support a classmate's special need.
D. To complete a group engineering project.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段“Southern Middle School students and
their science teacher, Jenna Borman, are working on a prototype desk
that they hope to attach to the wheelchair of their classmate, Kenneth,
who has a special disease and uses a laptop as his primary means of
communication.”可知，学生们想出这个原型书桌的主意是为了支持一
位同学的特殊需求。故选C。
6. How did the students find their winning of the STEM competition
award ( )
B
A. Satisfying. B. Surprising. C. Comforting. D. Convincing.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第五段中“‘We thought it was just an idea
for Kenneth, and then we won. So, it was like, wow,’ said Avery
Willet excitedly.”可推知，学生们对于赢得STEM比赛奖项感到惊讶。
故选B。
7. What is Finnelle's attitude to the future of the prototype
desk ( )
A
A. Hopeful. B. Doubtful. C. Objective. D. Cautious.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“‘There is still room for
improvement. Our team is working on the prototype, making
adjustments so it works perfectly for Kenneth. We're really looking
forward to seeing him using it and putting all of our work into it,’
Finnelle said.”可推知，Finnelle对原型书桌的未来持希望态度。故选A。
★8. What is the main idea of this text ( )
B
A. A competition is gaining popularity.
B. A team won an award with a special design.
C. A new invention will come onto the market.
D. A program fuels students' passion for science.
[解析] 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要报道了安妮阿伦德尔县
的一些中学生为了帮助一位使用轮椅的同学而设计了一款原型书桌，
并因此获得了一个重要奖项的故事。由此可知，这篇文章的主旨是一
个团队凭借特殊的设计赢得了一个奖项。故选B。
词汇积累
1.qualify v.使合格，使具备资格
2.work on努力改善（或完成）
3.attach v.把……固定，把……附（在……上）
4.start off as起初是；以……起步（或起家）
5.worth n.价值（十元、40英镑等）的东西（熟词生义）
6.add v.补充说；继续说（熟词生义）
7.room n.空间，余地（熟词生义）
8.come up with想出，提出
长难句解读
原句 Southern Middle School students and their science teacher, Jenna
Borman, are working on a prototype desk that they hope to attach to
the wheelchair of their classmate, Kenneth, who has a special disease
and uses a laptop as his primary means of communication.
分析 本句为主从复合句。Jenna Borman和Kenneth 分别作science
teacher和classmate的同位语；that引导定语从句，修饰先行词desk；who
引导定语从句，修饰先行词Kenneth。
译文 南方中学的学生们和他们的科学老师Jenna Borman正在研发一款
原型书桌，旨在将其加装到同学Kenneth的轮椅上——Kenneth患有特殊
疾病，主要使用笔记本电脑进行沟通。
C
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·河北衡水中学一模）
Wildlife documentaries like BBC's Planet Earth Ⅲ are known for
offering breathtaking images of animals in their natural habitats. You'd
be forgiven for thinking these shows offer an objective window into
the animals' lives as they hunt, rest and raise their young. But this
isn't quite the case.
While the images we see are filmed on location, many of the
sounds are recorded and added to the programmes later. The sounds
of animals walking, running and chewing food, for example, are
almost always recorded by human “Foley artists” in a sound studio
far away from the filming location, often weeks or months later.
A lot of wildlife documentaries are shot using telephoto lenses
that can see their subjects clearly from a great distance. But sound
recordists typically can't get close enough to collect clear sound
without disturbing the animals. Wildlife documentaries also tend to
require large crews. If sound were recorded on location, it would be
muddied by background noises.
I've talked to Foley artists who specialise in animal sound and
observed them at work in their studios. They sometimes knock
coconut shells against stones to make the sound of horse footsteps.
For an elephant, they might use rocks against straw-covered earth. A
pair of old leather shoes brushed quickly might be used to make the
sound of a bird's wings as it takes off.
Watching Foley artists at work on wildlife projects amazes me.
But the significance of this technique goes further than that. A
slithery （滑溜的） sound may be matched to the image of a
snake—even if a human would be unlikely to hear much if they
really stood next to the camera. Emphasising such a sound is unlikely
to win the snake any new fans, while a soft yawn （打哈欠）
accompanying a close-up of a baby tiger may increase the sense of
that animal's cuteness.
So, while the masterful work done by Foley artists on wildlife
programmes and films should be celebrated for its ingenuity and
magical effects, perhaps it should also be taken as an invitation to
think critically about exactly what we see, and hear.#1.8
9. What can we infer from Planet Earth Ⅲ ( )
D
A. There are many Foley artists on site.
B. It features mostly much-beloved wildlife.
C. It genuinely shows animals' life in nature.
D. Post-production contributes greatly to its success.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段中“While the images we see are
filmed on location, many of the sounds are recorded and added to the
programmes later.”以及后文对拟音师工作的描述可知，后期制作对
《地球脉动Ⅲ》的成功贡献很大。故选D。
★10. What does paragraph 3 mainly discuss about wildlife
filming ( )
A
A. Reasons that Foley artists are needed for it.
B. Benefits of using advanced equipment in it.
C. Challenges that arise during it.
D. Steps involved in it.
[解析] 段落大意题。第三段中提到，在拍摄野生动物纪录片时，录音
师通常无法在不打扰动物的情况下靠近到足以收集清晰声音的距离，
所以需要拟音师后期配音。故该段主要讨论了在野生动物纪录片拍摄
中需要拟音师的原因。故选A。
11. Which word best describes Foley artists' work according to
paragraph 4 ( )
A
A. Resourcefulness-driven. B. Financially-limited.
C. Physically-demanding. D. Curiosity-inspiring.
[解析] 推理判断题。第四段中提到拟音师利用各种道具模拟声音，比
如马蹄声、大象的声音以及鸟振翅起飞的声音，可见他们足智多谋。
故选A。
12. What does the author suggest the audience of wildlife films
do ( )
D
A. Focus on the visual aspects.
B. Rely on experts to understand wildlife.
C. Watch them in an undisturbed background.
D. Stay emotionally unconnected to the sounds.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“perhaps it should also be taken
as an invitation to think critically about exactly what we see, and
hear”可知，作者建议看野生动物影片的观众要批判性对待所看到和所
听到的内容，不要让声音过度影响情绪。故选D。
词汇积累
1.documentary n.纪录片；纪实广播（或电视）节目
2.film v.拍摄电影 n.电影；影片（词性活用）
3.shoot v.拍摄，摄影（熟词生义）
4.disturb v.打扰，干扰，妨碍
5.specialise v.专门研究（或从事），专攻
6.accompany v.伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏；陪同，陪伴
7.masterful（master+ful）（派） adj.技艺精湛的；有控制能力的
8.on site在现场
长难句解读
原句 So, while the masterful work done by Foley artists on wildlife
programmes and films should be celebrated for its ingenuity and
magical effects, perhaps it should also be taken as an invitation to
think critically about exactly what we see, and hear.
分析 本句为主从复合句。while引导让步状语从句，其中过去分词短语
done by...and films作后置定语，修饰名词work；主句中what引导宾语
从句，作介词about的宾语。
译文 因此，尽管拟音师在野生动物节目和影片中完成的精湛工作因其
创造力和魔法般的效果值得称颂，但或许我们也应将其视为一个契机，
促使我们对所看到和听到的一切进行批判性思考。
D
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·江苏南京一模）
Dancing lowers the depression associated with Parkinson's disease,
and the benefits can be seen in multiple ways, a new study shows.
“It was very cool to see dance had a positive effect on the mood
circuits in the brain, which we could see in the imaging from MRI
brain scans （扫描）,” says Joseph DeSouza, author of the study.
“These improvements were also reported by the participants via survey.
Our study is the first to demonstrate these benefits across these two
detection methods.”
The study followed 23 participants with Parkinson's disease from
the Sharing Dance Parkinson's program at Canada's National Ballet
School, along with family members or caregivers. Participants took
weekly dance classes for 8 months, progressing from simple leg and
foot work to more complex movements like waltzes and more.
The research team focused on the subcallosal cingulate gyrus
（SCG）, a brain region linked to depression. They measured mood
and depression before and after each class using the Geriatric
Depression Scale （GDS）（老年抑郁量表） and conducted regular
MRI scans.
The researchers found that after each dance class, reported
depression rates dropped, and the effect was increasing from class to
class, with significant improvements after 8 months. “We showed that
SCG's BOLD （blood oxygen level dependent） signal decreases
while dancing, which means the SCG is not functioning as fast as it
would if you had depression,” says DeSouza. “Parkinson's disease is
often accompanied by depression long before motor symptoms （症状）
appear.”
Dance is thought to have a double benefit, with music activating
the brain's reward centers, and the movement acting on sensory and
motor circuits. DeSouza, dancing with participants for 14 years, says
that while dancing is not a treatment for Parkinson's disease by itself,
the benefits are clear. “We're not trying to cure it with dance,” he
says. “What we're trying to do is have people live a better quality of
life. This goes for both the patients, and their families that take care
of them.”#1.7
13. What do we know about the results of the two detection
methods ( )
D
A. They fall short of expectations.
B. They are more accurate than before.
C. They are distinct from each other.
D. They show consistent conclusions.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Our study is the first to
demonstrate these benefits across these two detection methods.”可知，
这两种检测方法均可以证明益处，即它们得出了一致的结论。故选D。
14. How did the researchers conduct the study ( )
B
A. By referring to previous studies.
B. By making pre-post comparisons.
C. By employing computer modeling.
D. By conducting drug experiments.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段中“They measured mood and
depression before and after each class using the Geriatric Depression
Scale （GDS） and conducted regular MRI scans.”可知，研究人员在
每节课前后测量情绪和抑郁，是通过前后对比来进行研究的。故选B。
15. What did the researchers find about the SCG ( )
C
A. It is in charge of the motor system.
B. It can be measured by the GDS.
C. Dancing slows down its functioning.
D. Depression weakens its BOLD signal.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第四段中“We showed that SCG's BOLD
（blood oxygen level dependent） signal decreases while dancing,
which means the SCG is not functioning as fast as it would if you
had depression”可知，跳舞会让SCG的运行速度放缓。故选C。
★16. What is the best title of the text ( )
A
A. Dancing Away Parkinson's Blues
B. Dancing: Multiple Benefits to Be Seen
C. Dancing with Your Mood Circuits
D. Dancing: A Journey to Mental Well-being
[解析] 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Dancing lowers the depression
associated with Parkinson's disease, and the benefits can be seen in
multiple ways, a new study shows.”以及文章其他内容可知，本文主要
介绍了舞蹈可缓解帕金森病患者的抑郁症状，通过MRI扫描和问卷调
查验证其效果，所以A项“跳舞远离帕金森病的忧郁”适合作为文章标题。
词汇积累
1.depression（depress+ion）（派） n.抑郁症，精神忧郁
2.associated adj.有关联的，相关的
3.participant n.参与者，参加者
4.progress v.进步，改进，进展（词性活用）
5.expectation（expect+ation）（派） n.预料，预期，期待
6.consistent adj.一致的；持续的
7.in charge of负责，掌管(共44张PPT)
专题一 阅读理解
题组六 词句猜测（一）
A
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然
（2025·吉林长春联考）
Growing up in Sri Lanka, I developed a deep love for wildlife,
particularly elephants. However, I also saw the terrible impact of
human-wildlife conflict.
Since 2021, over half of Earth's terrestrial surface has been
shared by both humans and wildlife—a number that continues to rise.
As cities sprawl （杂乱地延伸）, farms expand, and roads or
buildings cut through habitats, encounters between people and wildlife
become unavoidable. When elephants feed on crops or leopards
wander into villages, human-wildlife conflict occurs. In response,
people often build fences or use loud noise to scare animals away.
Yet these short-term fixes rarely address the problem. What's needed
is treating human-wildlife conflict as a challenge to be addressed
through collaboration, innovation, and respect for both human and
animal needs. That's why I contributed to the development of the
Conflict to Coexistence （C2C） approach.
Instead of focusing on temporary solutions, this framework looks
at the bigger picture—how social, ecological, and economic factors
interact to shape conflict. In Bhutan, pilot （试验性的）
implementation of the C2C approach has led to deep stakeholder
（参与人） and partner engagement across various groups, resulting in
co-designed strategies to manage conflicts with strong ownership by
the partners implementing management measures.
Coexistence can't be mandated from the outside. When impacted
communities feel ownership over coexistence efforts and benefit from
living with wildlife, they are far more likely to embrace and continue
these efforts. By working together, we can build a future where both
people and wildlife don't just survive, but thrive.#1.6
1. What drives the rise in human-wildlife conflict ( )
D
A. Wildlife seeking food in villages.
B. More frequent wildlife encounters.
C. Ineffective human protective efforts.
D. Human expansion into wildlife habitats.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中“As cities sprawl, farms expand,
and roads or buildings cut through habitats, encounters between people
and wildlife become unavoidable.”可知，人类向野生动物栖息地扩张导
致了人类与野生动物冲突的加剧。故选D。
2. What sets the C2C approach apart from traditional solutions ( )
B
A. It is a short-term fix.
B. It features collective efforts.
C. It uses noise to scare animals away.
D. It prioritizes ecological balance.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中“In Bhutan, pilot implementation of
the C2C approach has led to deep stakeholder and partner engagement
across various groups, resulting in co-designed strategies to manage
conflicts with strong ownership by the partners implementing
management measures.”可知，C2C方法强调利益相关者和合作伙伴的
深度参与，并通过共同设计策略解决冲突，体现了集体协作的特点。
故选B。
★3. What does the underlined word “mandated” in paragraph 4
probably mean ( )
C
A. Hardly achieved. B. Passively accepted.
C. Forcefully pushed. D. Voluntarily embraced.
[解析] 词句猜测题。画线词后一句提到，当受影响的社区对共存工作
有归属感，并从与野生动物共处的生活中受益时，他们就更有可能接
受并继续这些努力。这说明不能强行推进共存。由此推知，mandated
意为 “强制执行”。故选C。
4. What can be a suitable title for the text ( )
D
A. Urban Growth's Impact on Wildlife
B. Community Efforts for Coexistence
C. Human-Wildlife Conflict Challenges
D. Building Human-Wildlife Coexistence
[解析] 主旨大意题。通读文章厘清文章脉络： 提出问题（人类与野生
动物冲突加剧→批判传统方案→提出C2C方法→强调社区自主共建共存
→共建繁荣未来。由此可知，全文围绕 “coexistence（共存）”展开。
故选D。
词汇积累
1.fix n.（尤指简单、暂时的）解决方法（词性活用）
2.address v.设法解决，处理，对付（熟词生义）
3.innovation（innovate+ion）（派） n.创造，创新，改革
4.coexistence n.共处；共存
5.temporary adj.短暂的；暂时的；临时的
6.collective adj.集体的，共有的，共同的
B
语篇类型：新闻报道 主题语境：人与自然
（2025·湖北孝感三模）
The UN this week launched a report urging companies to stop
issuing false net-zero targets that amount to greenwashing.
Greenwashing is a term used to describe situations where
companies mislead consumers by claiming to be eco-friendly or
sustainable as a marketing plan rather than as a core principle of their
business model. Often, these companies spend more money making
themselves appear sustainable than they do taking actual sustainable
measures into their company.
Cities, financial institutions, and scores of companies have
announced plans to reduce their emissions to zero, which, in principle,
should help the fight against climate change.
“The problem is that the criteria for these net-zero commitments
have various levels of precision and loopholes （漏洞）,” said UN
Secretary-General António Guterres during the launch of the report.
Many net-zero plans contain faraway or unclear targets and often
call for the use of unproved technologies like carbon capture and tree
planting, which effectively allow companies to continue polluting the
atmosphere. Studies show that most of these net-zero plans will do
little to stop temperatures from rising. For example, many oil majors
have announced plans to reduce emissions from their operations to
zero by 2050, which do not take into account the carbon emitted by
the fossil fuels they sell, which would allow them to increase
production. Far from decreasing, fossil fuel production is going strong.
To close these net-zero loopholes, the UN this week released a
report that includes 10 recommendations to ensure that companies,
cities, regions, and other non-state actors issue credible and
accountable net-zero commitments. “Their plans cannot rely on cheap
carbon credits instead of immediately cutting their own emissions,”
Guterres said.
Financial institutions need to cut down emissions from all their
investments and businesses need to bring down the carbon footprint of
their supply chain, the report said. The report's lead author, Catherine
McKenna, urged companies to release new net-zero targets within a
year. The updated targets must contain concrete actionable details.#1.1.8
★5. What does “greenwashing” refer to ( )
B
A. A green technology. B. A misleading statement.
C. A business model. D. A spending target.
[解析] 词句猜测题。根据第二段中“Greenwashing is a term used to
describe situations where companies mislead consumers by claiming to
be eco-friendly or sustainable as a marketing plan rather than as a
core principle of their business model.”可推知，“greenwashing
（漂绿）”指的是一种误导性的说法。故选B。
6. Why does the author mention the oil majors ( )
C
A. To prove oil majors are really responsible.
B. To set some good examples for other companies.
C. To show some net-zero commitments make no sense.
D. To indicate the benefit of net-zero plans to climate change.
[解析] 推理判断题。第五段第一句话指出净零承诺的荒谬性：它们表
面上承诺减排，但实际上通过漏洞（如忽略供应链排放）继续污染环
境，因此对遏制气候变化毫无意义。接着文章列举石油巨头的例子来
说明一些净零承诺是没有意义的。故选C。
7. How does Guterres feel about the issued net-zero plans ( )
A
A. Dissatisfied. B. Guilty. C. Shocked. D. Confused.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第四段中“The problem is that the criteria
for these net-zero commitments have various levels of precision and
loopholes”和第六段中“Their plans cannot rely on cheap carbon credits
instead of immediately cutting their own emissions”可知，Guterres认为
这些已发布的净零计划存在标准不精确和有漏洞的问题，对它们不满
意。故选A。
8. What are companies advised to do to fix net-zero loopholes ( )
D
A. Plant more trees.
B. Share more supply chains.
C. Depend on cheap carbon credits.
D. Make concrete actionable targets.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The report's lead author,
Catherine McKenna, urged companies to release new net-zero targets
within a year. The updated targets must contain concrete actionable
details.”可知，建议公司制订具体可行的目标来弥补净零漏洞。故选D。
词汇积累
1.amount to等于，相当于
2.mislead（mis+lead）（派） v.误导
3.sustainable（sustain+able）（派） adj.可持续的
4.emission n.排放物；（光、热、气等的）发出，射出，排放
5.take...into account 把……考虑进去
6.cut down 削减，缩小（尺寸、数量或数目）
长难句解读
原句 For example, many oil majors have announced plans to reduce
emissions from their operations to zero by 2050, which do not take
into account the carbon emitted by the fossil fuels they sell, which
would allow them to increase production.
分析本句为主从复合句。动词不定式短语to reduce emissions...by 2050
作后置定语，修饰名词plans；第一个which引导非限制性定语从句，修
饰先行词plans，其中“they sell”为省略了关系词that或which的定语从句，
修饰先行词fossil fuels；第二个which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前
面整句话的内容。
译文例如，许多大型石油公司已宣布计划：到2050年将其生产运营产
生的排放降至零，但这些计划未考虑它们销售的化石燃料所产生的碳
排放——此举将使它们得以继续增加产量。
C
语篇类型：议论文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·山西太原二模）
AI has convinced many that we must reform education. Now that
chatbots can speedily access information and answer complex questions,
why bother memorizing historical facts or quotations Shouldn't we
instead teach kids to think critically and solve problems, leaving the
boring work to computers
In a 2000 essay, two years after Google was founded, educator
E.D. Hirsch demolished the argument that we can always just look
things up. “Cognitive（认知的）psychology holds that prior knowledge
helps us absorb more of what we learn and provides the fuel for
creative thinking,” he wrote. “The Internet has placed a wealth of
information at our fingertips. To be able to use that information, we
must already possess a storehouse of knowledge.” Nick Gibb, a
former UK school minister, echoed this in 2021, stating that the
ability to “just google it” is highly dependent on what a person has
stored in their long-term memory.
The suggestion that we should outsource our memory to “free up”
limited space for more active thinking is based on a misconception.
Thanks to the brain's plasticity, its long-term memory center can
expand. Daisy Christodoulou, author of Seven Myths about Education,
warns that using the web as a personal memory skips mental
consolidation, risking emptying our minds and damaging our learning
ability. Indeed, searching online often results in us not being able to
recall it later—either because our brains assume we don't need to
remember it, or because the digital distractions divide our attention.
We're also likely to overestimate our intelligence, mistaking knowledge
found on the Internet for our own. If students relied on webs not just
for facts but for thinking, not only memory but also cognition and
creativity would face negative outcomes. The once-steady rise in IQ
scores has changed in some countries, as reported.
Governments are still exploring AI's role in education. While AI
may enhance learning, we must not abandon foundational knowledge.
In an era of misinformation, it's even more vital that we humans have
a firm grasp of basic facts.#1.6
★9. What does the underlined word “demolished” mean in paragraph
2 ( )
A
A. Rejected. B. Proved. C. Proposed. D. Defended.
[解析] 词句猜测题。第二段中E.D. Hirsch 针对 “我们总能通过搜索获
取信息（无需记忆）” 这一观点进行了反驳。他引用认知心理学的理
论指出，先验知识是吸收新信息和创造性思维的基础，互联网信息的
使用依赖于已有的知识储备。因此，demolished在此处意为“驳斥，反
对”。故选A。
10. What is the key to using online resources according to paragraph
2 ( )
B
A. Learning ability. B. Prior knowledge.
C. Creative thinking. D. Long-term memory capacity.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Internet has placed a wealth
of information at our fingertips. To be able to use that information,
we must already possess a storehouse of knowledge.”可知，利用网络
资源的关键是先有知识储备。故选B。
11. What result of web-memory dependence is described in paragraph
3 ( )
D
A. IQ scores will rise.
B. Concentration will improve.
C. Memory burdens will decline.
D. Cognition and creativity will suffer.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中“If students relied on webs not just
for facts but for thinking, not only memory but also cognition and
creativity would face negative outcomes.”可知，依赖网络记忆会导致认
知和创造力受损。故选D。
12. What do we know from the text ( )
D
A. The author advocates education reform.
B. Critical thinking is the core of education.
C. AI-driven teaching widens knowledge gaps.
D. The three experts stand on the same ground.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Cognitive psychology holds that
prior knowledge helps us absorb more of what we learn and provides
the fuel for creative thinking”可知，教育家 E.D. Hirsch强调先验知识
对于利用网络信息和进行创造性思维的重要性。根据“Nick
Gibb...stating that the ability to ‘just google it’ is highly dependent on
what a person has stored in their long-term memory.”可知，尼克·吉布
也认可先验知识和长期记忆对利用网络的重要性。根据第三段中“Daisy
Christodoulou...warns that using the web as a personal memory skips
mental consolidation, risking emptying our minds and damaging our
learning ability.”可知，黛西·克里斯托杜卢认为过度依赖网络记忆存在
危害，也强调了不能过度依赖网络，要重视自身的知识储备。综合以
上信息，这三位专家都强调了先验知识和自身知识储备的重要性，不
赞成过度依赖网络，所以他们的立场是一致的。 故选D。
词汇积累
1.absorb v.理解，掌握（熟词生义）
2.store v.存储，记忆（熟词生义）
3.outsource（out+source）（合） v.交外办理
4.empty v.腾空，倒空（词性活用）
5.distraction n.分散注意力的事，使人分心的事
6.overestimate（over+estimate）（合） v.高估
7.misinformation（mis+information）（派） n.假消息，错误消息
D
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·浙江杭州二模）
When Alexander Fleming returned to his lab in 1928, he found a
bacteria culture he had grown was infected by fungus （霉菌）,
killing any colonies it touched. Rather than simply starting over,
Fleming switched his focus to the fungus. He identified the bacteria-
killing substance, which he called “penicillin”, and seemingly at a
single stroke, created the new field of antibiotics （抗生素）.
That's how most people see innovation: A flash of brilliance and
Eureka, a new world is born. The truth, however, is messier. It wasn't
until 1943 that penicillin came into widespread use.
To put Fleming's discovery into context, consider Ignaz
Semmelweis, who pioneered hand washing in maternity wards
（产房）, significantly reducing childbed fever but receiving scorn
instead of fame. That was because in the 1850s, his ideas conflicted
with the popular miasma theory, which attributed disease to “bad airs”.
After his death in 1865, germ theory was accepted, paving the way
for Fleming's later work.
Fleming was a gifted biologist but a poor communicator. When
he published his results in 1929, few took notice. In 1935, Howard
Florey and Ernst Chain discovered Fleming's paper, understood its
importance, and developed methods to produce penicillin in quantity.
By 1943, with World War Ⅱ raging, the War Production Board had
enlisted 21 companies to mass-produce penicillin, saving countless
lives and ushering in the new age of antibiotics. Fleming, Florey and
Chain received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945.
Penicillin owes much of its success to government support. For
many other groundbreaking innovations like the Internet, their
innovators, while carving their own path, are often uncertain of where
the opportunity lies until they team up with other visionaries and
corporations that might have the resources to fast-track their ideas. So,
look at any significant innovation and the myth of the lone genius
and the “eureka moment” breaks down.#1.7
13. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about ( )
C
A. An account of a lab story.
B. Redefinition of a traditional view.
C. A correction of a popular misconception.
D. An analysis of a scientific phenomenon.
[解析] 段落大意题。文章第一段以弗莱明发现青霉素的“灵光乍现”故
事为切入点，第二段指出“真相其实更复杂”并指出普遍认知的局限性。
作者通过历史事实（1943年才广泛应用）揭示了公众对创新的误解，
属于对传统观点的纠正。故选C。
14. What is the message conveyed in paragraph 3 ( )
D
A. Great minds think alike.
B. The early bird catches the worm.
C. Luck's got your back when it comes to success.
D. Early work is a stepping stone to later breakthroughs.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段中 “That was because in the 1850s,
his ideas conflicted with the popular miasma theory, which attributed
disease to ‘bad airs’. After his death in 1865, germ theory was
accepted, paving the way for Fleming's later work.”可推知，早期塞麦
尔维斯的工作为后来弗莱明的突破奠定了基础，即早期工作是后来突
破的垫脚石。故选D。
★15. What does the underlined part “ushering in” in paragraph 4
mean ( )
B
A. Delaying. B. Introducing.
C. Predicting. D. Transforming.
[解析] 词句猜测题。根据画线部分前“By 1943, with World War Ⅱ
raging, the War Production Board had enlisted 21 companies to mass-
produce penicillin, saving countless lives”可知，大规模生产抗生素使
得抗生素进入了新时代。所以画线部分的意思是“引入，开启”，与选
项 B意思相近。
16. Which of the following can be the best title ( )
D
A. Great Innovations: Individuals Are True Heroes
B. From Failure to Success: The Story of Penicillin
C. The Lone Genius: Fleming's Discovery of Penicillin
D. The Long Road to Penicillin: How Innovation Happens
[解析] 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了青霉素从弗莱明的发现，到经过
一系列的发展，包括前人工作的铺垫、其他人的进一步研究以及政府
的支持等，最终才得以广泛应用，开启了抗生素新时代，强调了创新
是一个漫长的过程。因此选项D“通往青霉素的漫长道路：创新是如何
发生的”为短文的最佳标题。
词汇积累
1.culture n.培养物；培养细胞；培养细菌（熟词生义）
2.substance n.物质；物品；东西
3.at a single stroke一下子；一举
4.put...into context将……置于背景中
5.conflict v.（两种思想、信仰、说法等）冲突，抵触（词性活用）
6.take notice注意
7.paper n.论文（熟词生义）
8.misconception（mis+concept+ion）（派） n.错误认识；误解
长难句解读
原句 For many other groundbreaking innovations like the Internet,
their innovators, while carving their own path, are often uncertain of
where the opportunity lies until they team up with other visionaries
and corporations that might have the resources to fast-track their ideas.
分析 本句为主从复合句。句中while carving their own path作状语；
where引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语；until引导时间状语从句，其中
that引导定语从句，修饰先行词visionaries and corporations。
译文 对于其他许多突破性创新（比如互联网）而言，它们的创新者
在开辟自己道路的过程中，往往不确定机遇在哪里，直到他们与其他
有远见的人和企业合作，这些伙伴或许拥有加速推进他们想法的资源。(共45张PPT)
专题一 阅读理解
题组一 细节理解（一）
A
语篇类型：应用文 主题语境：人与自然
（2025·辽宁省实验中学四模）
Meet Incredible Conservation
Heroes Saving Wildlife from Extinction
Anne Savage#1.3.1.1
Dr. Savage founded a conservation program to protect cotton-top
tamarins （棉顶狨猴）. She pioneered the development of new
technologies to study the animal in the Colombian forest. She also
helped conduct a study that found only 7,500 individuals remained. As
a result, the International Union for Conservation of Nature changed
the classification of cotton-top tamarins from Endangered to Critically
Endangered, which brought the species to more people's notice.#1.3.1.2
Elena Bykova
Having majored in biology, Bykova has a good knowledge of the
saiga antelope （赛加羚羊）. As Executive Secretary of the Saiga
Conservation Alliance, an international organization, Bykova works to
save the antelope. Illegal shooting is the single biggest threat, and
Bykova concentrates on raising public awareness of the danger, finding
alternative livelihood opportunities for local communities, and
protecting saiga habitats.#1.3.1.3.1
Jeanne Tarrant
Frogs are astonishingly diverse and beautiful for Dr. Tarrant. Over
the years, she has helped put the spotlight on many highly threatened
species of frogs that face extinction due to habitat loss, climate
change, and hunts by their animal enemies. No wonder she is called
the “Frog Lady” of South Africa!#1.3.1.4.1
Marilyn Connell
Living only in the Mary River of Queensland, the Mary River
turtle（龟） takes in oxygen in two ways. Being hunted by other
wildlife is the Mary River turtle's biggest threat. Connell and her team
investigate the threats to the species and take measures to protect the
eggs and newborns from being hunted, ensuring the species has a
chance to survive.#1.3.1.5.1
★1. What made cotton-top tamarins get more attention ( )
B
A. Dr. Savage's conservation program.
B. The adjustment to their risk category.
C. Research into cotton-top tamarins.
D. The development of new technologies.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据对Anne Savage的介绍中的“the International
Union for Conservation of Nature changed the classification of cotton-
top tamarins from Endangered to Critically Endangered, which brought
the species to more people's notice”可知，对棉顶狨猴濒危等级的调整
引起了更多人对它们的关注。故选B。
★2. What does Elena Bykova do to protect the saiga antelope ( )
C
A. She founds an international organization.
B. She chooses biology as her main subject of study.
C. She provides ways for locals to make a living.
D. She fights against the behavior of illegal shooting.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据对Elena Bykova的介绍中的“Bykova
concentrates on raising public awareness of the danger, finding
alternative livelihood opportunities for local communities, and
protecting saiga habitats”可知，Bykova为当地居民寻找其他谋生机会，
以防止他们非法狩猎赛加羚羊。故选C。
★3. What affects the survival of both frogs and the Mary River
turtles ( )
B
A. Changes to living habits.
B. Threats from other species.
C. Loss of their habitat.
D. Difficulty in raising newborns.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据对Jeanne Tarrant的介绍中的“frogs that face
extinction due to habitat loss, climate change, and hunts by their
animal enemies”可知，动物天敌的猎食对一些濒危蛙类造成了巨大威
胁；根据对Marilyn Connell的介绍中的“Being hunted by other wildlife
is the Mary River turtle's biggest threat.”可知，其他野生动物的捕猎是
玛丽河龟面临的最大威胁。由此可知，蛙类和玛丽河龟都受到来自其
他物种的威胁。故选B。
词汇积累
1.conservation（conserve+ation）（派） n.保护
2.concentrate on集中（注意力等）于/专心于……
3.alternative adj.可供替代的；另类的 n.可供选择的事物
4.put the spotlight on使……受到公众关注
5.take in 吸入;领会;欺骗
B
语篇类型：夹叙夹议文 主题语境：人与自我
（2025·广东深圳二模）
I started walking backward for no apparent reason. I was simply
waving goodbye to my daughters when it hit me to take a few steps
backward. Since I'd already started, I thought I could walk all the
way home that way. After all, the contradiction of moving forward by
going backward seemed engaging and worth exploring.
The first problem was practical. Snow is a pain even for regular
walking, so my pace slowed down considerably. At this different pace,
life itself felt rushed in comparison. How silly it is that we're always
in such a hurry to get somewhere. For example, I often arrive
mentally long after my body gets there. Sometimes I reach my
daughters' school, but my mind is still at home, wondering whether I
unplugged my wife's hair dryer. Walking backward, however, forced
me to adjust the pace of my body to my mind.
The next thing had to do with vision. In regular walking, the
path ahead is always visible. Here, you use other senses: you hear the
car approaching, you sense the unevenness of the ground, and you
notice the change in the firmness of the snow. You activate an entire
set of skills we usually don't use because of our dependence on sight.
This way, the familiar path I walked every day suddenly felt like a
grand adventure, a discovery I hadn't anticipated.
Because of my addiction to foolish ideas, I decided to continue
my backward walking for the rest of the day. And I quickly realized
something obvious: the path I enjoyed most was the one I had
already travelled. And it struck me that this was the right way to
look at life: moving toward a destination without ever forgetting
where you've been, or how far you've come. Looking back is always
good for self-value. There's no way to look at yesterday and not feel
better: for the illness that didn't kill you, or the happy childhood days
that still make you smile.#1.6
★4. What interested the author in the first paragraph ( )
C
A. Finding a new route back home.
B. Engaging himself in deep thinking.
C. Moving forward in a different manner.
D. Seeing his daughters off every morning.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第一段的“After all, the contradiction of
moving forward by going backward seemed engaging and worth
exploring.”可知，作者对以一种不同的方式前进感兴趣。故选C。
5. What did the author realize on the way back home ( )
B
A. We need to stay focused at work.
B. We don't need to live a rushed life.
C. We should spend more time with family.
D. We shouldn't compare ourselves to others.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“At this different pace, life itself
felt rushed in comparison. How silly it is that we're always in such a
hurry to get somewhere.”可知，作者觉得人们总是急于到达某个地方
太傻了，由此可推断作者意识到我们不需要过一种匆忙的生活。故选B。
★6. How did the author overcome the vision problem ( )
D
A. He studied a set of new skills.
B. He depended on his memory.
C. He followed his sense of direction.
D. He made full use of other senses.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Here, you use other senses: you
hear the car approaching, you sense the unevenness of the ground,
and you notice the change in the firmness of the snow.”可知，作者通
过充分利用其他感官来克服视觉问题。故选D。
7. What message does the author seem to deliver in the last
paragraph ( )
B
A. Childhood is the best part in life.
B. It's inspiring to reflect on the past.
C. It's important to find your self-value.
D. One ought to learn to forgive himself.
[解析] 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“And it struck me that this
was the right way to look at life: moving toward a destination
without ever forgetting where you've been, or how far you've come.
Looking back is always good for self-value.”可知，作者认为回顾过去
是很有启发性的。故选B。
词汇积累
1.hit v.使突然想起（熟词生义）
2.engaging adj.有趣的；令人愉快的；迷人的
3.considerably adv.非常；很；相当多地
4.in comparison相比较
5.unevenness（un+even+ness）（派） n.不平坦；不均衡
6.activate（active+ate）（派） v.使活动；激活；使活化
7.strike v.突然想到（熟词生义）
8.make full use of充分利用
C
语篇类型：记叙文 主题语境：人与社会
（2025·福建厦门质检）
When the morning sun throws light on the stone bricks of
Durbar Square, my fingers gently touch the newly restored wooden
doors, their surface warm and vivid—as if they had just awakened
from a surgery. The carved patterns tell a story: the meeting of
ancient Nepali wood carving craftsmanship with the new restoration
technology from China.
The nine-story Basantapur Tower is not just a building; it's
Nepal's cultural DNA.This mid-8th-century pagoda-style structure
suffered extensive damage in the 2015 earthquake. Today, as I look
up at the 30-meter-tall temple supported by several thousand carefully
restored wooden components, I am witnessing a miracle crafted
together by two civilizations.
In Nepal's search for funding and technology to repair this
ancient structure after the earthquake, the answer came from across
the Himalayas. In 2017, China's National Cultural Heritage
Administration sent a team more like a tech startup than traditional
restorers. They brought laser scanners, high-tech structural analysis
software, and a philosophy: “Don't just fix the surface,strengthen the
bones.” The most revolutionary intervention went unseen: flexible steel
cables（钢索） running through hollowed-out（挖空的） wooden posts
enabled the structure to swing safely during an earthquake.
Here, in this UNESCO World Heritage Site, I saw a currency of
influence. The restoration cost pales compared to the value of
knowledge transfer: Nepali restorers were trained in 3D modeling
through workshops conducted in both Chinese and Nepali. More
Chinese heritage workers are going abroad, bringing China's advanced
techniques to the world, while more international conservationists are
coming to China to learn its preservation principles and methods.
This dance between tradition and innovation is a powerful
demonstration of the transformative power of cultural exchange. If
such exchanges can cross the Himalayas, they can travel greater
distances, enlightening us all. As the morning winds of the Himalayas
carry the metallic whispers of temple bells, I recall a profound insight:
“Civilizations become enriched through exchanges and thrive through
mutual learning.”#1.7
★8. What do we know about the Basantapur Tower ( )
B
A. It is a palace of modern crafts.
B. It is a symbol of Nepal's culture.
C. It provided shelter for local people.
D. It stayed complete in the earthquake.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The nine-story Basantapur Tower
is not just a building; it's Nepal's cultural DNA.”可知，巴桑塔布尔塔
是尼泊尔文化的象征。故选B。
★9. What is innovative about the restoration work ( )
D
A. The reduction in the use of wooden posts.
B. The worldwide support for cultural preservation.
C. The training of Nepali restorers in 3D modeling.
D. The internal strengthening with flexible steel cables.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The most revolutionary
intervention went unseen: flexible steel cables running through
hollowed-out wooden posts enabled the structure to swing safely
during an earthquake.”可知，修复工作中最具创新性的地方是使用柔性
钢缆进行内部加固，使该结构在地震中能够安全摆动。故选D。
10. What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about ( )
B
A. Digitalization of heritage sites.
B. China's sharing of restoration knowledge.
C. UNESCO guidelines of cultural relics.
D. China's techniques of heritage restoration.
[解析] 段落大意题。通读第四段内容，尤其是最后一句“更多的中国文
化遗产工作者正走出国门，将中国的先进技术传播到世界各地，而越
来越多的国际保护工作者也来到中国学习其保护原则和方法”可知，本
段主要介绍了中国修复知识的分享。故选B。
11. What is a suitable title for the text ( )
A
A. Cross-Border Cooperation Revives Heritage
B. Nepal's Struggle to Preserve Its Past
C. Approaching Nepal Through Ancient Temples
D. Looking Into Traditional Craftsmanship
[解析] 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是最后一段中的“This dance
between tradition and innovation is a powerful demonstration of the
transformative power of cultural exchange. If such exchanges can cross
the Himalayas, they can travel greater distances, enlightening us all.”
可知，文章主要讲述了中国和尼泊尔在文化遗产修复方面的跨境合作，
以及这种合作如何使文化遗产焕发新生。因此，A选项“跨境合作使遗
产重焕生机”最符合文章主旨。
词汇积累
1.awaken（a+wake+en）（派） v.醒来
2.extensive adj.巨大的；大量的；广泛的
3.witness v.见证
4.transformative（transform+ative）（派） adj.有改革能力的，变化的
5.profound adj.巨大的；深切的；深远的
长难句解读
原句 More Chinese heritage workers are going abroad,bringing China's
advanced techniques to the world, while more international
conservationists are coming to China to learn its preservation
principles and methods.
分析 本句为连词while连接的并列复合句。第一个分句中现在分词短语
bringing China's advanced techniques to the world作伴随状语；第二个
分句中不定式短语to learn its preservation principles and methods作目
的状语。
译文 更多中国文物保护工作者正走出国门，将中国的先进技术推向世
界。与此同时，更多国际保护工作者来到中国，学习其文物保护原则
与方法。
D
语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：人与自然
（2025·山东烟台二模）
Mo Wilde's fascinating book, Free Food:Wild Plants and How to
Eat Them, makes the case for connecting with nature by finding your
cuisine beyond supermarket shelves.
A couple of years ago, the thin branches of an elder （接骨木）
bush inched through the open blinds of my apartment building,
gradually forming what I can only describe as a piece of living
wallpaper. Mother Nature was breaking into our boundaries—reminding
us who's boss. I thought it was fantastic, but the householder did not.
A tree surgeon was called in.
Mo Wilde would have had other ideas. In Free Food, she
suggests using elder leaves when cooking potatoes: they have a
similar taste to parsley, a plant used as a herb in cooking. This
simple way bridges the gap that middlemen, such as supermarkets and
grocery shops, have placed between us and the natural world. “We are
nature,” Wilde writes. “And making good use of more wild food in
our diets will make us more conscious of that.”
Free Food advocates for integration, not complete replacement.
For instance, try using leaves instead of tin foil for wrapping delicate
food when barbecuing. Tables, like the “Wild Spice Conversion Chart”
make wild garlic look downright basic. Do you know sneezewort
produces a similar taste to Sichuan pepper Her suggestions even
involve using plants for medicinal teas and household items. Wilde's
tone is encouraging and her expertise and experience make you trust
her, and her enthusiasm makes you turn the page.
Readers whose home is their kitchen will notice that Wilde
provides more ideas than recipes. Since reading Free Food, I've found
myself picking leaves and seeing whether I can identify them without
an app, though there is always an app that would instantly tell me
what they are. The appeal of collecting is that it forces you to pay
attention to your surroundings and build a relationship with nature,
one plant at a time.#1.7
★12. Why did the householder call in a tree surgeon ( )
A
A. To remove the elder branches.
B. To repair the blinds.
C. To get another elder tree planted.
D. To replace the wallpaper.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“the thin branches of an elder
bush inched through the open blinds of my apartment building”以及“I
thought it was fantastic, but the householder did not. A tree surgeon
was called in.”可知，房主叫来树木修整专家是为了移除接骨木的细枝。
故选A。
★13. Where does Mo Wilde see a gap ( )
B
A. Between elder leaves and parsley.
B. Between our diet and nature's gifts.
C. Between wild food and our awareness.
D. Between supermarkets and grocery shops.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“This simple way bridges the gap
that middlemen...have placed between us and the natural world.”可知，
Mo Wilde建议使用接骨木叶子替代欧芹，这样就弥合了我们和自然世
界之间的鸿沟，所以她看到了我们的饮食和自然界的馈赠之间的鸿沟。
故选B。
14. What can the underlined word “sneezewort” refer to in paragraph
4 ( )
D
A. A health-care tea.
B. A big leaf used as a package.
C. A household cleaning article.
D. A wild plant with a hot flavor.
[解析] 词义猜测题。根据画线词前文“Wild Spice Conversion Chart
（野生香料转换图）”和后文“produces a similar taste to Sichuan
pepper（味道和四川花椒差不多）”可推知，sneezewort指的是“一种有
辣味的野生植物”。故选D。
★15. What change has the author undergone after reading Free
Food ( )
C
A. Falling in love with cooking.
B. Starting to collect leaves for recipes.
C. Coming into closer contact with nature.
D. Learning to draw on apps to explore plants.
[解析] 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Since reading Free Food, I've
found myself picking leaves and seeing whether I can identify them
without an app...The appeal of collecting is that it forces you to pay
attention to your surroundings and build a relationship with nature,
one plant at a time.”可知，读完Free Food作者与大自然有了更亲密的
接触。故选C。
词汇积累
1.inch v.（使朝某方向）谨慎移动（熟词生义）
2.blind n.窗帘（熟词生义）
3.delicate adj.精致的；易损的，易碎的，脆弱的
4.identify v.确认；认出；鉴定
5.draw on凭借，利用，动用
长难句解读
原句 Since reading Free Food, I've found myself picking leaves and
seeing whether I can identify them without an app, though there is
always an app that would instantly tell me what they are.
分析 本句为主从复合句。句子主干为I've found myself picking leaves
and seeing whether I can identify them without an app，其中picking
和seeing为并列的现在分词短语作宾补，whether引导宾语从句，作动词
seeing的宾语；Since reading Free Food为介词短语作状语；though引
导让步状语从句，其中that引导定语从句，修饰先行词app。
译文 自从读了《免费食物》之后，我发现自己会采摘叶子，并尝试能
否不用应用程序来识别它们，尽管总有一个应用程序能立即告诉我它
们是什么。

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