资源简介

人教版初中英语八年级上册 Unit 2 Home Sweet Home 知识清单
一、核心词汇详解（含中考考点标注）
1. 高频考词深度解析
词汇 词性 释义 例句与考点
chore n. 家务杂事 Doing chores is part of family life. （常以复数形式出现）
sweep v. 打扫 I helped sweep the floor after dinner.
fold v. 折叠 Can you fold your clothes and put them away
mess n. 杂乱 Your room is in a mess! Please tidy it up. （in a mess固定搭配）
neither pron./adv. 两者都不 — I don't like doing dishes. — Neither do I. （倒装结构）
borrow v. 借入 May I borrow your dictionary （与lend区别：借入vs借出）
hate v. 讨厌 I hate to do the laundry on weekends. （hate to do/doing sth.）
2. 主题场景分类词汇
家务活动：
do the dishes (洗碗)
例句：It's your turn to do the dishes tonight.
take out the trash/rubbish (倒垃圾)
例句：Don't forget to take out the trash.
make the bed (整理床铺)
例句：You should make your bed every morning.
clean the living room (打扫客厅)
例句：We need to clean the living room before guests come.
家庭空间与家具：
living room (客厅) We usually watch TV in the living room.
kitchen (厨房) Mom is cooking in the kitchen.
bathroom (浴室) The bathroom needs cleaning.
furniture (家具) We bought some new furniture for the house.
家庭关系与责任：
housework (家务) Sharing housework makes a happy family.
independence (独立) Doing chores helps children develop independence.
responsibility (责任) Everyone should take responsibility for keeping the house clean.
二、重点短语与实用表达（配真题例句）
1. 动词短语板块
短语 释义 中考真题例句
take care of 照顾 Teenagers should learn to take care of themselves.
depend on 依靠 Children shouldn't always depend on their parents.
pass me the salt 把盐递给我 Could you pass me the salt, please （委婉请求）
help out with 帮助做 I often help out with housework on weekends.
throw away 扔掉 Don't throw away old newspapers; we can recycle them.
work on 从事于 My brother is working on his science project.
2. 固定搭配与句型
Could you please... (你能……吗？) 礼貌请求句型
Could you please clean your room
Why don't you... (你为什么不……？) 建议句型
Why don't you ask your brother for help
How about... (……怎么样？) 建议或询问意见
How about going shopping this afternoon
Neither + 助动词 + 主语 (……也不) 否定倒装
I can't swim. Neither can my sister.
高分句型
It is one's responsibility to... (做……是某人的责任)
Not only...but also... (不仅……而且……)
The more...the more... (越……越……)
There is no doubt that... (毫无疑问……)
3. 实用交际套句
提出请求：
Would you mind doing... (你介意做……吗？)
Can you give me a hand with... (你能帮我……吗？)
I wonder if you could... (我想知道你是否能……)
表达同意/拒绝：
Sure, no problem. (当然，没问题。)
I'd be glad to. (我很乐意。)
I'm afraid I can't because... (恐怕我不能，因为……)
Sorry, but I'm busy right now. (抱歉，我现在很忙。)
家庭规则讨论：
What are the rules in your house (你家有什么规矩？)
I'm not allowed to... (我不被允许……)
We have to... (我们必须……)
三、语法精讲：情态动词could与反身代词
1. 情态动词could的用法（中考必考）
(1) 表示礼貌请求（比can更委婉）
Could you please pass me the book （肯定回答：Yes, sure. / Certainly.）
Could I use your computer （肯定回答：Yes, you can.）
(2) 表示过去的能力（can的过去式）
When I was five, I could ride a bike.
She couldn't swim until she was ten.
(3) 表示可能性（比may/might更不确定）
It could rain later, so take an umbrella.
【中考易错点】
表示请求时，回答不能用could，要用can或may
— Could I borrow your pen — Yes, you could.
— Could I borrow your pen — Yes, you can.
2. 反身代词全面解析
(1) 形式表
人称 反身代词 例句
第一人称单数 myself I can do it myself.
第二人称单数 yourself Take care of yourself.
第三人称单数 himself/herself/itself He taught himself to play the guitar.
第一人称复数 ourselves We enjoyed ourselves at the party.
第二人称复数 yourselves Help yourselves to some fruit.
第三人称复数 themselves They built the house themselves.
(2) 主要用法
① 作宾语（动作承受者是主语自己）
She bought herself a new dress.
The cat is washing itself.
② 作同位语（强调主语）
I myself don't agree with this idea.
You should talk to the manager himself.
③ 固定搭配
enjoy oneself (玩得开心)
help oneself to... (请自便……)
by oneself (独自地)
teach oneself (自学)
【中考常考结构】
find/see/hear + 宾语 + 反身代词 + 现在分词
I found myself lying in the hospital.
四、易混淆点辨析（中考失分重灾区）
1. 情态动词辨析
could vs can：礼貌程度不同，could更委婉
could vs was/were able to：过去能力
could表示一般能力
was/were able to表示具体某次成功做到
He was able to escape from the fire.（具体一次）
She could speak three languages when she was young.（一般能力）
2. 反身代词易错点
误用反身代词作主语：
Myself will do it.
I will do it myself.
某些动词后不用反身代词：
I feel sick. (不说I feel myself sick.)
He dressed quickly. (不说He dressed himself quickly.，除非强调)
3. 动词短语辨析
borrow (借入) vs lend (借出)
May I borrow your pen (我借入)
Can you lend me your pen (你借出)
take care of (照顾) vs be careful with (小心对待)
She takes care of her little brother.
Be careful with that glass; it's fragile.
五、 自测小练习
1. 用反身代词填空：
The children enjoyed ______ at the beach yesterday.
I made this cake all by ______.
（答案：themselves; myself）
2. 将句子改为礼貌请求：
Close the window. → ______
（答案：Could you please close the window ）
3. 翻译句子：
为了保持健康，我们应该学会照顾自己。
（参考：To keep healthy, we should learn to take care of ourselves.）
人教版八年级上册Unit 2 Home Sweet Home单元练习题
（满分：120分，时间：100分钟）
第一部分：单项选择（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
从 A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. — Could you please help me ______ the floor It’s dirty.
— Sure, I’ll get the broom.
A. fold B. sweep C. borrow D. mess
2. My room is always in a ______. My mom asks me to tidy it up every day.
A. chore B. mess C. trash D. furniture
3. — I don’t like doing the laundry.
— ______ do I. It’s so boring.
A. So B. Neither C. Either D. Both
4. Can you ______ me your pen I forgot mine at home.
A. lend B. borrow C. pass D. throw
5. It’s everyone’s ______ to keep the classroom clean.
A. independence B. responsibility C. housework D. furniture
6. Would you mind ______ the dishes after dinner
A. do B. doing C. to do D. did
7. My brother is ______ his science project in his room.
A. working on B. depending on C. throwing away D. helping out
8. Why ______ you ask your sister to help you with the cleaning
A. don’t B. not C. do D. can’t
9. I ______ to take out the trash on rainy days.
A. enjoy B. hate C. fold D. sweep
10. When I was seven, I ______ make my bed by myself.
A. can B. could C. am able to D. will
第二部分：完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
In my family, everyone has chores. My mother usually cooks and cleans the kitchen. My father takes out the trash and washes the car. My sister and I also help. I often sweep the floor and 11 my clothes. My sister usually 12 the dishes after dinner.
Sometimes I don’t like doing chores, especially when I have a lot of homework. But my parents say doing chores helps us develop 13 . It’s our 14 to keep the house tidy. We also have a family rule: we can’t watch TV 15 we finish our chores.
Last Sunday, I was very busy. I had to 16 my room because it was in a mess. I also helped my mom 17 the living room. I was tired, but I felt happy to help.
My parents often say, “We should 18 each other.” I think that’s true. When we all help, housework becomes easier and our home becomes 19 .
I’m learning to take care of myself and my home. That’s what 20 means.
11.A. fold B. sweep C. borrow D. throw
12.A. does B. makes C. takes D. folds
13.A. responsibility B. housework C. independence D. furniture
14.A. chore B. rule C. duty D. mess
15.A. until B. after C. because D. if
16.A. tidy up B. throw away C. depend on D. work on
17.A. with B. for C. on D. about
18.A. take care of B. laugh at C. depend on D. work on
19.A. bigger B. cleaner C. quieter D. messier
20.A. family B. friendship C. home D. school
第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从各题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A
In many families, parents do most of the housework. But some parents think children should help too. Doing chores teaches children life skills and helps them learn responsibility.
For example, Mary is 13. She makes her bed every day and helps her mom cook twice a week. Her brother Tom, 11, takes out the rubbish and feeds the family dog. They both feel proud to help.
Doing chores also makes children more independent. They learn to take care of themselves and their home.
根据材料内容，判断句子正（T）误（F）。
21. Parents should do all the housework. ( )
22. Mary helps her mom cook twice a week. ( )
23. Tom is older than Mary. ( )
24. Doing chores helps children become more independent. ( )
25. The passage is mainly about school life. ( )
B
Dear Aunt Lily,
I’m writing to ask for your advice. My parents always ask me to do chores: clean my room, do the dishes, sweep the floor… I think it’s too much for me. I have homework and I also want to play with my friends. Sometimes I refuse to do chores, and then my parents get angry. What should I do
Yours,
Worried Jim
Dear Jim,
It’s normal to have chores at home. They are part of family life. Maybe you can talk to your parents and make a chore plan. For example, you can do some chores on weekends when you have more free time. You can also ask your parents to help you when you are really busy. Remember, doing chores helps you learn to take care of yourself.
Love,
Aunt Lily
26. Why is Jim worried
A. He has too much homework.
B. His parents don’t let him play.
C. He thinks he has too many chores.
D. His parents are angry with each other.
27. What does Aunt Lily suggest
A. Jim should refuse to do chores.
B. Jim should make a chore plan.
C. Jim should only do chores on weekdays.
D. Jim should not talk to his parents.
28. What might be a good chore plan for Jim
A. Do all chores every day.
B. Do chores only when he wants.
C. Do some chores on weekends.
D. Never do chores again.
29. What is the main idea of Aunt Lily’s reply
A. Chores are not important.
B. Children should not do chores.
C. Chores are part of life and can be planned.
D. Parents should do all the housework.
C
Many students in China now help with housework. A survey shows that about 70% of students do chores at home. They sweep floors, wash clothes, cook simple meals, and more.
Doing chores not only helps parents but also teaches students practical skills. It also makes them understand how hard their parents work. Some schools even have “chore days” to encourage students to help at home.
However, some students still think chores are boring or tiring. They prefer to spend time on homework or playing. Experts say that doing chores is a way to learn responsibility and independence. It is not just about cleaning; it is about growing up.
Parents and schools should work together to help children see the value of housework. A clean home is important, but a responsible child is even more valuable.
30. What percentage of students do chores at home according to the survey
A. 30% B. 50% C. 70% D. 90%
31. Which is NOT mentioned as a chore students do
A. Sweep floors. B. Wash clothes.
C. Repair computers. D. Cook simple meals.
32. Why do some schools have “chore days”
A. To give students more homework.
B. To encourage students to help at home.
C. To let students play more.
D. To teach parents how to do chores.
33. What do experts say about doing chores
A. It is boring and tiring.
B. It is a way to learn responsibility.
C. It is only about cleaning.
D. It is not important for children.
34. What is the main idea of the last paragraph
A. Children should not do chores.
B. Schools should give less homework.
C. Parents should do all the housework.
D. Parents and schools should help children see the value of chores.
第四部分：完成句子（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据所给汉语意思完成句子，每空一词。
35. 你应该学会照顾自己。
You should learn to ______ ______ ______ yourself.
36. 请把那些旧报纸扔掉。
Please ______ ______ those old newspapers.
37. 我弟弟正在从事一个科学项目。
My brother is ______ ______ a science project.
38. 你为什么不请你的姐姐帮忙？
______ ______ you ask your sister for help
39. 做家务有助于培养孩子的独立性。
Doing chores helps children ______ ______.
第五部分：短文填空（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确（每个单词限用一次）。
be chore sweep fold they
make help clean responsibility independent
In my family, we all share the housework. My mother usually 40 ______ the meals and 41 ______ the kitchen. My father takes out the trash and 42 ______ the floor. My sister and I also 43 ______ out.
My 44 ______ are to make my bed and 45 ______ my clothes. Sometimes I also 46 ______ the living room. Doing chores is not always fun, but it is our 47 ______.
My parents say doing chores helps us become more 48 ______. I think 49 ______ right. I am learning to take care of myself and my home.
第六部分：任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。
Doing chores is a good way to teach children about responsibility. Here are some tips for parents:
1. Start early. Even young children can help with simple tasks like putting toys away.
2. Be clear. Tell children exactly what to do and how to do it.
3. Praise them. Say “thank you” or “well done” when they finish a chore.
4. Make it fun. Play music or turn chores into a game.
5. Be patient. Children may not do chores perfectly at first.
根据短文内容，回答下列问题。
50.When should parents start giving children chores
51.What should parents do to help children understand chores
52.How can parents make doing chores fun
53.Why should parents be patient
54. What is the passage mainly about
第七部分：补全对话（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据对话内容，从方框中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，其中有两项是多余的。
A: Mom, could I go to the cinema with Tom this afternoon
B: Sure, but you need to finish your chores first.
A: OK. 55 ______
B: Please sweep the floor and fold your clothes.
A: All right. 56 ______
B: Yes, you can. But don’t forget to take out the trash too.
A: No problem. 57 ______
B: Because your brother is busy with his homework.
A: I see. 58 ______
B: After you finish your chores, you can go.
A: Thanks, Mom. 59 ______
B: You’re welcome.
A. Could I do the dishes later
B. Why do I have to do so much
C. What should I do
D. How about going together
E. When can I leave
F. I’ll do them right now.
G. I hate doing chores.
第八部分：书面表达（满分25分）
假设你是李华，你们班英语课正在进行“My Family Chores”主题分享。请你根据以下提示写一篇短文：
1. 介绍你家的家务分工；
2. 谈谈你对做家务的看法；
3. 你从做家务中学到了什么。
要求：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整。
答案解析
第一部分：单项选择
1. B sweep
解析：句意为“你能帮我扫地吗？它很脏。”sweep the floor是固定搭配，意为“扫地”。fold折叠，borrow借入，mess杂乱，均不符合语境。
2. B mess
解析：in a mess是固定搭配，意为“乱七八糟”。chore家务，trash垃圾，furniture家具，均不与“in a”构成搭配。
3. B Neither
解析：上句为否定句（don’t like），下句表示“我也不喜欢”，应用“Neither do I.”结构，表示“两者都不”。
4. A lend
解析：lend sb. sth. 意为“借给某人某物”，主语是“你”。borrow是“借入”，pass是“传递”，throw是“扔掉”，均不符合“借给我笔”的语境。
5. B responsibility
解析：It’s one’s responsibility to do sth. 是固定句型，意为“做某事是某人的责任”。independence独立，housework家务，furniture家具，语义不符。
6. B doing
解析：Would you mind doing sth. 是礼貌请求句型，mind后接动名词doing形式。
7. A working on
解析：work on意为“从事于，忙于”。depend on依靠，throw away扔掉，help out with帮助做，均不符合“从事项目”的语境。
8. A don’t
解析：Why don’t you… 是提建议的固定句型，意为“你为什么不……？”。
9. B hate
解析：hate to do sth. 表示“讨厌做某事”。enjoy喜欢，fold折叠，sweep打扫，语义不符。
10. B could
解析：表示过去的能力，用could。can用于现在，am able to表示现在或具体能力，will表将来。
第二部分：完形填空
11. A fold
解析：fold my clothes意为“叠衣服”。sweep扫地，borrow借，throw扔，均不符。
12. A does
解析：do the dishes是固定搭配，意为“洗碗”。主语my sister为第三人称单数，动词用does。
13. C independence
解析：develop independence意为“培养独立性”。responsibility责任，housework家务，furniture家具，均不符合“独立性培养”的语义。
14. C duty
解析：duty与responsibility近义，意为“责任、义务”。chore家务，rule规则，mess杂乱，语义不符。
15. A until
解析：not…until…意为“直到……才……”，符合“完成家务后才能看电视”的语境。
16. A tidy up
解析：tidy up one’s room整理房间。throw away扔掉，depend on依靠，work on从事，语义不符。
17. A with
解析：help sb. with sth.是固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”。
18. A take care of
解析：take care of each other意为“互相照顾”。laugh at嘲笑，depend on依靠，work on从事，语义不符。
19. B cleaner
解析：根据上文“housework becomes easier”和“help”，家应变得更“干净”。cleaner更干净。
20. C home
解析：文章主题是“家”与“家务”，此处应点题。home强调情感与归属，family强调家庭成员。
第三部分：阅读理解
A篇
21. F 解析：第一段说“some parents think children should help too”，并非父母应该做所有家务。
22. T 解析：第二段明确提到“helps her mom cook twice a week”。
23. F 解析：Mary 13岁，Tom 11岁，Tom更小。
24. T 解析：第三段第一句明确提到。
25. F 解析：全文围绕“孩子做家务”展开，与学校生活无关。
B篇
26. C 解析：Jim在信中提到“I think it’s too much for me.”
27. B 解析：Aunt Lily建议“Maybe you can talk to your parents and make a chore plan.”
28. C 解析：Aunt Lily建议“you can do some chores on weekends when you have more free time.”
29. C 解析：Aunt Lily的回信核心是：家务是生活一部分，可以沟通和计划。
C篇
30. C 70%
解析：第一句明确提到“about 70% of students do chores at home.”
31. C Repair computers.
解析：文中提到的家务包括sweep floors、wash clothes、cook simple meals，未提及repair computers。
32. B To encourage students to help at home.
解析：第二段最后一句提到“to encourage students to help at home.”
33. B It is a way to learn responsibility.
解析：第三段明确提到“Experts say that doing chores is a way to learn responsibility and independence.”
34. D Parents and schools should help children see the value of chores.
解析：最后一段主旨是家庭和学校应合作，让孩子看到家务的价值。
第四部分：完成句子
35. take care of
解析：take care of oneself意为“照顾自己”，是固定搭配。
36. throw away
解析：throw away意为“扔掉”，是动词短语。
37. working on
解析：work on意为“从事于，忙于”，接项目、任务等。
38. Why don’t
解析：Why don’t you… 是提建议的句型。
39. develop independence
解析：develop independence意为“培养独立性”。
第五部分：短文填空
40. makes 解析：make the meals做饭。
41. cleans 解析：clean the kitchen打扫厨房。
42. sweeps 解析：sweep the floor扫地。
43. help 解析：help out帮忙。
44. chores 解析：my chores我的家务（常复数）。
45. fold 解析：fold my clothes叠衣服。
46. clean 解析：clean the living room打扫客厅。
47. responsibility 解析：our responsibility我们的责任。
48. independent 解析：become independent变得独立。
49. are 解析：主语they（指代父母的话），be动词用are。
第六部分：任务型阅读
50. When (they are) young. / Early.
51. Tell them exactly what to do and how to do it. / Be clear.
52. Play music or turn chores into a game.
53. Because children may not do chores perfectly at first.
54. Tips for parents to teach children about responsibility through chores. / How to teach children to do chores.
第七部分：补全对话
55. C What should I do
解析：上句妈妈说“你要先完成家务”，此处孩子应问具体做什么。
56. A Could I do the dishes later
解析：下句妈妈回答“可以”，此处应是一个请求。
57. B Why do I have to do so much
解析：下句妈妈解释“因为弟弟在忙”，此处应是一个问原因的句子。
58. E When can I leave
解析：下句妈妈回答“做完家务后可以走”，此处应问时间。
59. F I’ll do them right now.
解析：此处表示孩子接受安排，愿意立即做家务。
第八部分：书面表达（评分参考）
评分要点：
内容完整（10分）：涵盖三点提示：家务分工、个人看法、学到什么。
语言正确（10分）：正确使用本单元词汇（chore, sweep, fold, responsibility, independence等）和句型（Could you… , It’s one’s responsibility to…, help out with等）。
连贯与书写（5分）：分段合理，语句通顺，书写工整。
参考范文：
In my family, everyone has chores. My father sweeps the floor and takes out the trash. My mother cooks and cleans the kitchen. My sister and I help out too. I usually fold my clothes and make my bed. Sometimes I also clean the living room.
I think doing chores is important. It helps us learn responsibility and become more independent. It also makes our home clean and comfortable.
From doing chores, I have learned to manage my time better and take care of myself. I understand that a happy family needs everyone’s effort.

展开更多......

收起↑