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人教版初中英语八年级上册 Unit 3 Same or Different 知识清单
一、核心词汇详解 (按主题分类，含中考高频词)
1. 人物性格与品质 (高频考点)
词汇 词性 释义 课本原句/例句 中考要点
outgoing adj. 外向的； 友好的 Tara is more outgoing than Tina. 常考比较级 (more outgoing)
serious adj. 严肃的； 认真的 You’re more serious than her. 反义词：funny 有趣的
talented adj. 有才能的；有天赋的 Is Tom smarter No, he isn't. But he is more talented. be talented in/at... 在……方面有天赋
hardworking adj. 工作努力的；辛勤的 Who is more hardworking at school 合成词，注意拼写
friendly adj. 友好的 That’s why I like reading books and I’m quieter. 以ly结尾的形容词
smart adj. 聪明的 Is Tom smarter than Sam = clever，比较级 smarter
lazy adj. 懒惰的 My brother is lazier than me. 比较级 lazier，最高级 laziest
funny adj. 滑稽的； 有趣的 He is funnier than anyone I know. 变y为i再加er/est
kind adj. 和蔼的； 仁慈的 A good friend is kind to others. be kind to sb. 对某人友好
necessary adj. 必需的； 必要的 It's not necessary to be the same. It's necessary (for sb.) to do sth.
similar adj. 相像的； 类似的 Are you similar to your best friend be similar to... 与……相似
different adj. 不同的 We are quite different. be different from... 与……不同
fantastic adj. 极好的； 了不起的 That's fantastic! 表达强烈赞赏
2. 外貌与身形描述
词汇 词性 释义 课本原句/例句 中考要点
tall adj. 高的 He is taller than me. 比较级 taller
heavy adj. 重的 He is a little heavier than me. 比较级 heavier
thin adj. 瘦的 She is thinner than her sister. 比较级thinner (双写n)
short adj. 矮的；短的 His hair is shorter than mine. 一词多义：矮/短
long adj. 长的 She has long hair. 描述头发、时间等
curly adj. 卷曲的 Does she have curly or straight hair 反义词：straight 直的
height n. 身高；高度 What's your height / How tall are you 询问身高两种方式
3. 能力、竞争与比较
词汇 词性 释义 课本原句/例句 中考要点
win v. 获胜；赢得 You can win the competition. 过去式 won， 宾语是比赛、奖项
beat v. 打败；战胜 I think I can beat him. 宾语是“人”或“团队”
care v. 在意；关心；担忧 I don't really care. care about...关心…
touch v./n. 触摸；感动 A good friend touches your heart. 引申义“感动”
reach v. 伸手；到达 He can't reach the apple. reach for...伸手去拿
competition n. 比赛；竞赛 We both like sports, but he always wins in competitions. win a competition 赢得比赛
information n. 信息；消息 They share all kinds of information. 不可数名词
grade n. 成绩等级 My grades are better than hers. 通常用复数
primary adj. 最初的；初级的 We were in the same primary school. primary school小学
laugh v./n. 笑；发笑 He always makes me laugh. laugh at...嘲笑……
4. 易混淆词汇辨析 (中考常考)
1. win vs. beat
win (+ 比赛、战争、奖品)：Our team won the game.
beat (+ 对手、团队、国家)：We beat their team yesterday.
2. tall vs. high
tall：常指人、树、建筑等有形的、细长物的高度。a tall man/building
high：常指离地面的高度或抽象程度。a high mountain/speed/price
3. say vs. tell vs. talk vs. speak
say (说内容)：He says hello.
tell (告诉某人)：Tell me a story. (tell sb. sth.)
talk (交谈)：We are talking about the movie. (talk to/with sb. about sth.)
speak (说语言/正式讲话)：She speaks English. / He spoke at the meeting.
二、重点短语与句型
1. 比较与对照核心短语
短语 释义 课本/中考例句
as... as... 和……一样…… I'm as tall as my father now.
not as/so... as... 不如…… This book is not as interesting as that one.
the same as... 和……相同 Your bag is the same as mine.
be different from... 与……不同 American schools are different from Chinese ones.
be similar to... 与……相似 His opinion is similar to yours.
care about 关心；在乎 A good friend cares about you.
in fact 事实上；实际上 In fact, she is very kind.
be good at 擅长 He is good at playing basketball.
make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事 A good friend makes me laugh.
share... with... 与……分享…… I share my secrets with my best friend.
one of + the + 最高级 + 复数名词 最……之一 She is one of the most popular students in our class.
2. 询问与描述外貌、性格的实用句型
(1)What is he/she like (询问性格)
He is very outgoing and funny.
(2)What does he/she look like (询问外貌)
She is tall and thin with long curly hair.
(3)Who is taller, A or B (两者比较)
Tom is taller than Sam.
(4)Which is + 比较级, A or B
Which is more important, health or wealth
三、语法聚焦：形容词与副词的比较等级
1. 原级 (as...as 结构)
肯定句：A + be动词/实义动词 + as + 形容词/副词原级 + as + B
He is as tall as his brother.
She runs as fast as a deer.
否定句：A + be动词/助动词 + not + as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as + B
This movie is not as/so interesting as that one.
2. 比较级 (两者比较)
(1) 规则变化
规则 原级 比较级 最高级 例句
一般加 er, est tall taller tallest He is taller.
以 e 结尾加 r, st nice nicer nicest She is nicer.
辅音字母+y，变 y 为 i 再加 er, est heavy heavier heaviest The box is heavier.
重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母再加 er, est big bigger biggest It's getting bigger.
部分双音节及多音节词前加 more, most outgoing more outgoing most outgoing She is more outgoing.
(2) 不规则变化 (必须熟记)
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
bad/badly/ill worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
(3) 比较级句型
A + be动词/实义动词 + 比较级 + than + B
He is older than me.
She works harder than before.
Which/Who is + 比较级, A or B
Who is taller, Tom or Jerry
比较级 + and + 比较级 (越来越……)
The weather is getting colder and colder.
the + 比较级..., the + 比较级... (越……，就越……)
The more you practice, the better you will be.
3. 最高级 (三者或以上比较)
A + be动词/实义动词 + the + 最高级 + (比较范围)
He is the tallest (boy in his class).
She sings (the) best of all. (副词最高级the可省略)
one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词
Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.
比较范围常用介词：in + 集体/场所， of/among + 个体
He is the fastest in our school.
She is the youngest of the three sisters.
4. 中考高频易错点
(1)比较对象要一致：
My hair is longer than you. (人比头发)
My hair is longer than yours (your hair). (头发比头发)
(2)修饰比较级的词：much, a lot, far, even, a little, a bit 等。
He is much taller than before.
This book is a little more expensive.
(3)隐含比较级：含有“比”的意思时用比较级。
I’m two years older than him. (我比他大两岁。)
(4)最高级前必须有the (副词最高级除外)：
He is tallest student.
He is the tallest student.
四、中考考点衔接与题型示例
1. — Who runs ______ in your class
— Tom does. None of us can catch him in the race.
A. faster B. fastest C. more slowly D. most slowly
答案：B (在班级范围内“三者以上”比较，用最高级)
2. 完形填空上下文常出现 than, of all, in my family 等提示词，帮助判断用比较级还是最高级。
3. My sister is much ______ (outgoing) than me. She makes friends easily.
答案：more outgoing (多音节形容词，比较级前加more)
4. Tom is 15 years old. Jack is 13 years old. (合并为一句)
Tom is ______ ______ Jack.
(答案：older than)
5. No other student in my class is as tall as Mike. (改为同义句)
Mike is ______ ______ student in my class.
(答案：the tallest)
6. 这台电脑比那台新得多。
This computer is ______ ______ than that one.
(答案：much newer)
7. 他是我们组里最细心的。
He is ______ ______ ______ person in our group.
(答案：the most careful)
8. 书面表达预测话题与句型
话题：My Best Friend and I / The Person I Admire Most
必备高分句型：
We both like..., but I'm... while he/she is... (比较)
He is not only... but also... (递进)
In my opinion, a true friend is someone who... (观点)
Although we are different in some ways, we... (让步)
人教版八年级上册Unit 3 Same or Different 单元练习题
（满分：100分，时间：90分钟）
I. 单项选择（共10小题，每小题1分，计10分）
从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
1. Lucy is ______ than Lily. She always talks a lot.
A. quieter B. more serious C. more outgoing D. lazier
2. He is good at drawing. He is very ______.
A. hardworking B. funny C. talented D. necessary
3. This book is ______ that one. I like both.
A. as interesting as B. more interesting than
C. not so interesting as D. the same interesting
4. She has ______ hair, and it looks beautiful.
A. long curly B. curly long C. straight long D. long straight
5. Our team ______ theirs in the basketball game last week.
A. win B. wins C. beat D. beats
6. A good friend always ______ about you.
A. laughs B. cares C. reaches D. touches
7. Tom is ______ taller than his brother.
A. very B. more C. much D. many
8. Which subject is ______, English or math
A. important B. more important
C. the most important D. importanter
9. — Who sings ______ in your class
— Mary. Her voice is the best.
A. better B. best C. well D. good
10. — Thank you for helping me!
— ______
A. That’s right. B. You’re welcome.
C. I’m fine. D. Nice to meet you.
II. 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，计10分）
阅读下面短文，理解大意，然后从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
Jim and Tim are twins, but they are very different. Jim is 11 than Tim. He likes to play basketball and football. Tim is 12 . He likes reading and drawing. Jim is 13 at sports, but Tim is better at studying.
They look different too. Jim is 14 and has short hair. Tim is a little 15 and has glasses. 16 they are different, they are good friends. They always 17 their toys and books. Jim says, “A true friend 18 your heart.” Tim thinks so too.
They don’t think friends must be the 19. They believe that differences make friendship more 20 .
11. A. quieter B. more outgoing C. more serious D. lazier
12. A. noisier B. taller C. quieter D. thinner
13. A. bad B. good C. better D. worse
14. A. shorter B. thinner C. taller D. heavier
15. A. taller B. shorter C. thinner D. stronger
16.A. Because B. So C. Although D. But
17. A. buy B. share C. keep D. lose
18. A. beats B. wins C. touches D. reaches
19. A. different B. similar C. same D. necessary
20. A. boring B. difficult C. interesting D. easy
III. 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，计30分）
阅读A、B、C三篇材料，然后从各小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
A
Tom and Sam are brothers. Tom is 15 and Sam is 13. Tom is taller and stronger than Sam. Tom likes sports and is good at running. Sam likes music and can play the guitar well. Tom is more outgoing, but Sam is more careful with his homework. They help each other every day.
根据材料内容，判断句子正（T）误（F）。
21. Sam is older than Tom. ( )
22. Tom is better at sports than Sam. ( )
23. Sam is more outgoing than Tom. ( )
24. They look the same because they are brothers. ( )
25. They often help each other. ( )
B
My name is Linda. My best friend is Anna. She is as tall as me, but she is a little heavier. She has long straight hair. She is very kind and always helps others.
We are in the same class. Anna is better at English, and I am better at math. We study together every day. She says I make her study harder. I think she makes me happier.
26. What does Anna look like
A. Short with curly hair.
B. Tall with straight hair.
C. Heavy with short hair.
D. Thin with long hair.
27. Who is better at math
A. Anna. B. Linda. C. Both. D. Neither.
28. What does Anna do for Linda
A. She teaches her English.
B. She makes her happier.
C. She does her homework.
D. She cooks for her.
C
In a good friendship, being the same is not important. What is important is understanding and caring. Some friends like the same things, and some like different things. But they can still be good friends if they respect each other.
Friends can learn from each other’s differences. One may be outgoing, and the other may be quiet. But they can still have fun together.
29. What is important in a friendship
A. Being the same.
B. Having the same hobbies.
C. Understanding and caring.
D. Winning competitions.
30.Can friends be different
A. No, they can’t.
B. Yes, but they can’t be close.
C. Yes, and they can still be good friends.
D. The passage doesn’t say.
31. What can friends learn from each other
A. How to be the same.
B. How to win games.
C. How to be different.
D. How to respect differences.
IV. 完成句子（共5小题，每小题2分，计10分）
根据所给汉语意思，用单词或短语完成下列英文句子。
32. 她和她的妈妈很像。
She ______ ______ ______ her mother.
33. 这个电影不如那个有趣。
This movie is ______ ______ ______ ______ that one.
34. 他是我们班最努力的学生之一。
He is ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ students in our class.
35. 你练习得越多，说得就越好。
______ ______ you practice, ______ ______ you will speak.
36. 事实上，他很友好。
______ ______, he is very friendly.
V. 短文填空（共10小题，每小题1分，计10分）
用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使短文完整正确（每个单词限用一次）。
be she outgoing I this
have who and he different
Hi, I’m Tina. Look at ___ 37 ___ photo. It’s a photo of me and my best friend, Lisa. Lisa is more ___ 38 ___ than me. She likes talking and making friends. I am quieter. We are ___ 39 ___ in many ways, but we are good friends.
Lisa ___ 40 ___ long curly hair. I have short straight hair. She is taller ___ 41 thinner than me. ___ 42 ___ is the boy next to her That’s ___ 43 ___ brother, Tom. He is very funny. We all ___ 44 ___ a good time together.
We believe that friends don’t need to be the same. Differences make friendship more interesting. What about ___ 45 ___ Do you ___ 46 ___ a friend like Lisa
VI. 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，计10分）
阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，完成下列各题。
My name is Zhang Wei. I’m 14. I have a good friend named Peter. He is from Canada. He is 15. We are in Class 5, Grade 8.
Peter is taller than me. He is also more outgoing. He likes playing soccer, and I like reading books. But we both enjoy watching movies. Peter is good at English, and I am good at math. We often help each other with our studies.
Peter says friends don’t need to be the same. I think so too. We learn a lot from each other.
How old is Peter
Who is more outgoing, Zhang Wei or Peter
What do they both enjoy doing
What is Zhang Wei good at
51. What do they think about friendship
VII. 补全对话（共5小题，每小题2分，计10分）
根据下面对话的情境，在每个空白处填入一个适当的句子，使对话恢复完整。
A: Hi, Wang Lin! Who is that girl in the red dress
B: Oh, that’s my friend, Li Na.
A: She looks very nice. ___ 52 ___
B: She is very kind and outgoing.
A: ___ 53 ___
B: She is as tall as me, but she has longer hair.
A: ___ 54 ___
B: She is good at singing and dancing.
A: ___ 55 ___
B: Yes, we often study together and share our secrets.
A: You two are really good friends!
VIII. 书面表达（计15分）
假设你是李华，你们班英语课正在进行“My Best Friend and I”主题分享。请你根据以下提示写一篇英文短文：
1. 介绍你和你最好的朋友的外貌和性格；
2. 比较你们的相同点和不同点；
3. 谈谈你对友谊的看法。
要求：
1. 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整；
2. 文中不得出现真实姓名、校名等信息；
3. 词数：70词左右。
答案解析
I. 单项选择（共10小题，每小题1分，计10分）
1. C more outgoing
解析：句意为“Lucy比Lily更______，她总是说很多话。”根据上下文，应选择表示性格外向的词。outgoing意为“外向的”，多音节形容词比较级前加more。清单中明确列出outgoing为高频考词，比较级为more outgoing。
2. C talented
解析：句意为“他擅长画画，他很有______。”前句提到“擅长”，后句应表示“有天赋的”。talented意为“有才能的、有天赋的”，符合语境。清单中列有talented，并标注be talented in/at。
3. A as interesting as
解析：句意为“这本书______那本，两本我都喜欢。”根据“喜欢两者”可知，表达“一样有趣”。as...as...结构表示“和……一样……”。清单在“重点短语与句型”板块重点讲解了as...as...结构。
4. A long curly
解析：句意为“她有______头发，看起来很漂亮。”多个形容词修饰名词时，描述性形容词（如curly）应更靠近名词，长度（如long）在前。应为long curly hair。清单在外貌描述部分列出了curly一词。
5. C beat
解析：句意为“我们队上周在篮球比赛中______了他们。”beat的宾语是“对手”（their team/theirs）。win的宾语是“比赛”（the game）。清单在“易混淆词汇辨析”中明确区分了win (+比赛) 和beat (+对手)。
6. B cares
解析：句意为“一个好朋友总是______你。”care about是固定短语，意为“关心、在乎”。清单在重点短语板块列出了care about。
7. C much
解析：句意为“Tom比他的哥哥______高。”修饰比较级（taller）表示“……得多”，应用much、a lot、far等词。very不能直接修饰比较级。清单在语法易错点部分说明了“修饰比较级的词”。
8. B more important
解析：句意为“哪个科目更______，英语还是数学？”两者比较用比较级。important为多音节词，比较级为more important。清单语法部分明确多音节词比较级加more。
9. B best
解析：问句“Who sings ______ in your class ”（你们班谁唱得最______？）根据答语“Her voice is the best.”可知，是在班级范围内（三者以上）进行比较，应用最高级。sing是动词，用副词well的最高级best修饰。清单语法部分讲解了最高级的用法。
10. B You’re welcome.
解析：对感谢的礼貌回答是“You’re welcome.”（不客气）。这是基本的交际用语。清单虽未直接列出，但属于常见交际套句。
II. 完形填空（共10小题，每小题1分，计10分）
11. B more outgoing
解析：后句“He likes to play basketball and football.”表明他喜欢运动，通常性格更外向活泼。more outgoing符合。
12. C quieter
解析：与前文形成对比，且后句“He likes reading and drawing.”表明他喜欢安静的活动，所以是quieter（更安静的）。
13. B good
解析：be good at为固定搭配，意为“擅长……”。句意为“Jim擅长运动”。
14. C taller
解析：下文提到Tim“a little shorter”，所以Jim应该是taller。
15. B shorter
解析：与上文的taller形成对比，且“a little”表示程度，shorter（更矮一些）符合。
16. C Although
解析：句意为“______他们不同，他们是好朋友。”此处表示让步关系，意为“尽管/虽然”，用Although。
17. B share
解析：share...with...是固定搭配，意为“与……分享……”。清单重点短语板块列有share...with...。
18. C touches
解析：句意为“一个真正的朋友______你的心。”touch one’s heart是固定表达，意为“触动某人的心”。清单在能力、竞争与比较词汇中列出touch，并标注引申义“感动”。
19. C same
解析：the same意为“相同的”。句意为“他们认为朋友不必是相同的。”呼应单元主题。
20. C interesting
解析：句意为“差异使友谊更______。”根据常理和积极语境，interesting（有趣的）最合适。
III. 阅读理解（共15小题，每小题2分，计30分）
A篇
21. F 解析：第一句“Tom is 15 and Sam is 13.”，所以Sam比Tom小。
22. T 解析：文中“Tom likes sports and is good at running.” 以及对比Sam喜欢音乐，可知Tom更擅长运动。
23. F 解析：文中“Tom is more outgoing”，所以Sam并不比Tom更外向。
24. F 解析：文中并未说他们长相相同，且开篇即说“they are very different”。
25. T 解析：最后一句“They help each other every day.” 与此句一致。
B篇
26. B Tall with straight hair.
解析：文中“She is as tall as me”和“She has long straight hair”。
27. B Linda.
解析：文中明确“I am better at math”。
28. B She makes her happier.
解析：文中最后一句“I think she makes me happier.”。
C篇
29. C Understanding and caring.
解析：第二句“What is important is understanding and caring.”。
30. C Yes, and they can still be good friends.
解析：全文核心观点即朋友可以不同，但仍能成为好朋友。
31. D How to respect differences.
解析：第二段提到“they can still be good friends if they respect each other.”，且“learn from each other’s differences”隐含了学会尊重差异。
IV. 完成句子（共5小题，每小题2分，计10分）
32. is similar to
解析：be similar to... 意为“与……相似”，是清单中列出的重点短语。
33. not as/so interesting as
解析：not as/so...as... 结构表示“不如……”。清单语法部分讲解了原级的否定形式。
34. one of the most hardworking
解析：one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 表示“最……的之一”。hardworking的比较级和最高级是more hardworking和the most hardworking。这是清单语法部分的重点句型。
35. The more, the better
解析：The more..., the more... 句型表示“越……，就越……”。清单在语法部分的比较级句型中列出此结构。
36. In fact
解析：In fact是固定短语，意为“事实上”。清单在重点短语板块列出。
V. 短文填空（共10小题，每小题1分，计10分）
37. this 解析：指代“这张”照片。
38. outgoing 解析：根据后文“She likes talking...”可知，此处填性格词。
39. different 解析：be different in... ways 意为“在许多方面不同”。
40. has 解析：主语Lisa是第三人称单数，动词用has。
41. and 解析：连接两个并列的比较级taller和thinner。
42. Who 解析：对“那个男孩”提问，用Who。
43. her 解析：指Lisa的哥哥，用形容词性物主代词her。
44. have 解析：have a good time是固定搭配。
45. you 解析：句意为“你呢？”，用you。
46. have 解析：have a friend意为“有一个朋友”。
VI. 任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，计10分）
47. He is 15 (years old). 解析：文中第二句“He is 15.”
48. Peter (is more outgoing). 解析：文中“Peter is taller than me. He is also more outgoing.”
49. They both enjoy watching movies. 解析：文中“But we both enjoy watching movies.”
50. He is good at math. 解析：文中“I am good at math.”
51. They think friends don’t need to be the same. / They think differences are okay in friendship. 解析：文中“Peter says friends don’t need to be the same. I think so too.”
VII. 补全对话（共5小题，每小题2分，计10分）
52. What is she like 解析：上句说她看起来很好，此处自然询问性格。清单句型部分列出“What is he/she like ”用于问性格。
53. What does she look like 解析：回答涉及身高、头发，可知上句是询问外貌。清单句型部分列出“What does he/she look like ”用于问外貌。
54. What is she good at / What can she do well 解析：下句回答“擅长唱歌跳舞”，可知上句询问特长。
55. Do you often stay together / Are you close friends 解析：下句回答“是的，我们经常一起学习并分享秘密”，可知上句是一个询问关系是否紧密的一般疑问句。
VIII. 书面表达（计15分）
评分要点参考：
1. 内容完整（6分）：涵盖提示中三点：外貌性格介绍、异同点比较、对友谊的看法。
2. 语言运用（6分）：正确使用本单元核心词汇（如outgoing, serious, similar, different）和重点语法（比较级、as...as、not as...as、both、but、although等）。
3. 连贯与书写（3分）：语句通顺，逻辑清晰，分段合理，书写工整。
参考范文：
My best friend is Anna. She is taller than me and has long curly hair. She is very outgoing and funny, while I am quieter and more serious.
We are similar because we both love reading and listening to music. However, we are different in many ways. Anna is better at sports, but I am better at drawing.
In my opinion, friends don’t need to be the same. True friendship is about understanding, caring, and learning from each other’s differences. I’m happy to have a friend like Anna.

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