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八年级下册Unit 3 Growing Up 知识清单
一、单元核心主题
个人成长与变化——学习描述成长中的身体、心理变化，回忆童年经历，讨论责任与未来规划。
二、核心词汇（分主题整理）
1. 身体成长与外貌变化
英文 中文 常用搭配/例句
grow (v.) 成长；种植 grow up（长大成人）
tall/short 高/矮的 grow taller
height (n.) 身高 in height（在身高方面）
weight (n.) 体重 lose/gain weight
strong/weak 强壮/虚弱的 become stronger
change (n./v.) 变化 great changes（巨大变化）
look like 看起来像 look like one’s father
wear glasses 戴眼镜 started wearing glasses
2. 心理与情感发展
英文 中文 相关表达
feel (v.) 感觉 feel happy/nervous
confident 自信的 more confident
shy 害羞的 used to be shy
brave 勇敢的 become brave
responsible 有责任心的 be responsible for…
independent 独立的 become independent
patient 耐心的 learn to be patient
worried 担心的 feel worried about
3. 能力与技能发展
英文 中文 说明
able (adj.) 能够的 be able to do sth.
can/could 能够（情态动词） could（过去能力）
skill 技能 learn new skills
ride a bike 骑自行车 learned to ride at 7
swim 游泳 can swim now
cook 做饭 help cook dinner
solve problems 解决问题 solve problems by myself
4. 成长阶段与时间
英文 中文 时间关联
childhood 童年 in my childhood
teenager 青少年（1319岁） a teenage boy
adult 成年人 become an adult
primary school 小学 in primary school
middle school 中学 in middle school
in the past 过去 对比现在
now/at present 现在 当前状态
future 未来 in the future
5. 责任与义务
英文 中文 使用场景
duty 责任 It’s my duty to…
chore 家务 do chores
take care of 照顾 take care of pets
make decisions 做决定 make my own decisions
help with 帮忙做 help with housework
share 分享；分担 share the work
三、重点句型与功能表达
1. 描述过去与现在的变化
过去状态（过去式/used to do）：
I used to be short and shy.（我以前又矮又害羞。）
I couldn’t swim when I was 7.（我7岁时还不会游泳。）
He had short hair in primary school.（他小学时留短发。）
现在状态（一般现在时/现在完成时）：
Now I am tall and confident.（现在我又高又自信。）
I can ride a bike now.（我现在会骑自行车了。）
I have learned to cook.（我已经学会做饭了。）
对比句型：
…but now…（……但现在……）
I used to be quiet, but now I talk more.
…than before（比以前……）
I am more responsible than before.
2. 谈论能力与技能
I can/can’t…（我能/不能……）
I am (not) able to…（我（不）能够……）
I have learned to…（我已经学会了……）
I am good at…（我擅长……）
I still need to improve my…（我仍需提高我的……）
3. 表达感受与观点
I feel happy when…（当……时我感到高兴。）
I am worried about…（我担心……）
I think/believe that…（我认为/相信……）
In my opinion, growing up means…（在我看来，成长意味着……）
4. 讨论责任与未来
I have to…（我必须……）
It’s my duty/responsibility to…（……是我的责任。）
I plan/hope to… in the future.（我计划/希望将来……）
I want to be a/an… when I grow up.（我长大后想成为一名……）
四、语法精讲
1. 一般过去时（复习与深化）
功能： 描述过去某个时间发生的动作或状态（常与过去时间状语连用）。
结构： 动词过去式（规则变化+ed/不规则变化）
例句：I played football yesterday.（我昨天踢了足球。）
She was a quiet child.（她曾是个安静的孩子。）
常用时间状语： yesterday, last week/month/year, …ago, in 2020, when I was 5
2. used to do 结构（本单元重点）
功能： 表示“过去常常做某事（但现在不做了）”或“过去的状态（现已改变）”。
结构：
①肯定句：主语 + used to + 动词原形
I used to walk to school.（我过去常走路上学。）
He used to be very thin.（他过去很瘦。）
②否定句：主语 + didn’t use to + 动词原形（或 used not to）
I didn’t use to like vegetables.（我过去不喜欢吃蔬菜。）
③疑问句：Did + 主语 + use to + 动词原形？
Did you use to live here （你以前住在这里吗？）
注意： used to 后面接动词原形，表示过去的习惯或状态。
3. 现在完成时（初步接触——描述变化结果）
功能： 表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果（本单元侧重“已学会/已改变”）。
结构： have/has + 动词过去分词
例句（本单元常见）：
I have grown a lot.（我已经长高了很多。）→ 现在个子高了
She has become more confident.（她变得更自信了。）→ 现在状态
They have learned to take care of themselves.（他们已学会照顾自己。）→ 现在具备能力
标志词： already（已经）, just（刚刚）, yet（还）, ever（曾经）
五、课本重点情景与语篇分析
Section A 典型对话（对比变化）：
A: You look different, Mike.
B: Really How
A: You’re much taller now. And you used to wear glasses.
B: That’s true. I had laser surgery last year.
A: And you seem more outgoing too.
B: Yes, I’ve made more friends since I joined the basketball team.
六、易错点与学习提醒
1. “used to do” 与 “be used to doing” 的区别：
used to do：过去常常做（现在不做了）
I used to get up late.（我过去常睡懒觉。）
be used to doing：习惯于做某事（现在习惯）
I am used to getting up early now.（我现在习惯早起了。）
2. “could” 表过去能力与“was/were able to”：
表示过去一般能力用 could：I could swim at 5.（我5岁就会游泳。）
表示过去某次具体成功做到某事，通常用 was/were able to：
I was able to solve that problem yesterday.（我昨天成功解决了那个问题。）
3. 瞬间动词在现在完成时中的使用：
有些动词（如become, join, buy, die）表示瞬间动作，其完成时不能与“for+一段时间”连用。
正确：He has become taller.（他已经长高了。）
错误：He has become taller for two years.（应改为：He became taller two years ago.）
4. “grow” 的相关词组：
grow up（长大成人，指过程）— 侧重生理和心理成熟
grow taller（长高）— 侧重身高变化
grow into（长成）— He grew into a fine young man.
5. “more + 形容词” 构成比较级：
多音节形容词比较级：more confident, more responsible
但注意双音节词以y结尾的，变y为i加er：happy → happier, easy → easier
Unit 3 Growing Up 单元测试卷
班级：__________ 姓名：__________ 分数：__________
一、单项选择（共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）
1. I _______ be very shy, but now I like talking with people.
A. am used to B. use to C. used to D. was used to
2. When I was a child, I _______ ride a bike, but now I can.
A. couldn't B. can't C. won't D. don't
3. She has _______ a lot since last year. She is much taller now.
A. grown up B. grown C. grew D. growing
4. It's my _______ to help my parents with housework.
A. skill B. duty C. hobby D. future
5. He is more _______ than before. He can speak in front of the class now.
A. worried B. shy C. patient D. confident
6. _______ you _______ live in the countryside
A. Do; use to B. Did; used to C. Did; use to D. Do; used to
7. I _______ swim when I was five years old.
A. am able to B. can C. could D. was able
8. In the _______, I want to be a teacher.
A. past B. present C. future D. childhood
9. She _______ short hair, but now she has long hair.
A. used to have B. used to having C. is used to have D. uses to have
10. We should learn to _______ our own decisions.
A. make B. do C. take D. have
11. I _______ to cook simple meals. My mom taught me last month.
A. learn B. learned C. have learned D. will learn
12. He looks _______ his father. They both have big eyes.
A. like B. as C. for D. after
13. I feel _______ when I have too much homework.
A. happy B. excited C. worried D. confident
14. She is _______ independent now. She can live alone.
A. more B. much C. many D. most
15. In my _______, I played with toys every day.
A. teenager B. adult C. childhood D. future
二、完形填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，共15分）
I still remember my life in primary school. I was a very ___16___ boy. I didn't like to talk in class and had few friends. I ___17___ be afraid of speaking in public.
But things changed when I entered middle school. I joined the school basketball team. Through training and games, I learned to ___18___ with others. My teammates became my good friends. I also ___19___ taller and stronger.
Now, I am more ___20___ than before. I can give a speech in front of the whole school. I have also learned to ___21___ some problems by myself. For example, I can plan my study time and ___22___ my homework without my parents' help.
I know growing up is not just about getting ___23___. It also means becoming more responsible and ___24___. I still have a lot to learn, but I believe I will become a better ___25___ in the future.
16.A. tall B. confident C. outgoing D. brave
17.A. am used to B. use to C. used to D. was used to
18.A. compete B. communicate C. argue D. play
19.A. become B. became C. have become D. am becoming
20.A. shy B. outgoing C. quiet D. weak
21.A. find B. solve C. make D. take
22.A. finish B. forget C. share D. remember
23.A. older B. younger C. taller D. shorter
24.A. patient B. worried C. brave D. independent
25.A. child B. teenager C. adult D. student
三、阅读理解（共三篇，15小题，每小题2分，共30分）
A 篇
My name is Lily. I’m 14 years old. I’ve changed a lot in the past few years.
When I was 10, I was short and thin. I used to wear glasses because I couldn’t see clearly. I was also very shy. I was afraid to answer questions in class.
Now, I am much taller. I don’t wear glasses anymore because I had an operation last year. I’ve also become more confident. I often take part in school activities and have made many friends. I’ve learned to swim and play the piano. I still have some problems, like sometimes I feel worried about exams, but I’m learning to be more patient and brave.
I think growing up is interesting because I can learn new things and become a better person.
26. How old is Lily now
A. 10 B. 12 C. 14 D. 16
27. What did Lily use to do
A. She used to be tall.
B. She used to wear glasses.
C. She used to be very outgoing.
D. She used to play the piano.
28. Why doesn’t Lily wear glasses now
A. Because her eyes are better.
B. Because she doesn’t like them.
C. Because she had an operation.
D. Because she lost them.
29. What has Lily learned to do
A. Drive a car.
B. Cook meals.
C. Swim and play the piano.
D. Speak French.
30. How does Lily feel about growing up
A. Boring.
B. Difficult.
C. Interesting.
D. Sad.
B 篇
As teenagers grow up, they not only change physically but also take on more responsibilities.
In many families, teenagers are expected to help with chores, such as cleaning their rooms, washing dishes, or taking care of younger siblings. These tasks help them learn to be responsible and independent.
School also gives teenagers more responsibilities. They have more homework and need to manage their time well. Some students join clubs or become class leaders, which teaches them how to work with others and make decisions.
However, some teenagers feel stressed because they have too much to do. It’s important for parents and teachers to guide them and help them balance their duties and free time.
Learning to be responsible is a key part of growing up. It prepares teenagers for their future as adults.
31. What is the main idea of the second paragraph
A. Teenagers like doing chores.
B. Chores help teenagers become responsible.
C. Parents should do all the chores.
D. Chores are boring.
32. What does the word “manage” mean in Paragraph 3
A. Forget.
B. Control or organize.
C. Find.
D. Remember.
33. What might be a responsibility at school
A. Cooking dinner.
B. Washing clothes.
C. Being a class leader.
D. Taking care of a pet.
34. Why do some teenagers feel stressed
A. Because they have no friends.
B. Because they have too much to do.
C. Because they don’t go to school.
D. Because they are too tall.
35. What does the writer think about being responsible
A. It is not important.
B. It is only for adults.
C. It prepares teenagers for the future.
D. It makes teenagers unhappy.
C 篇
Growing up involves both physical changes and psychological development. One important psychological change is the development of a sense of self.
During childhood, children often depend on their parents for decisions and direction. As they enter adolescence, they start to form their own opinions and values. They ask questions like “Who am I ” and “What do I want to be ” This process is called identity formation.
Teenagers may try different hobbies, styles, or friends to find out what fits them best. Sometimes they face confusion or pressure from peers and society. Support from family and friends is crucial during this time.
Another key change is the development of empathy—the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. Young children are often self-centered, but as they grow, they learn to consider other people’s perspectives.
Growing up is not always easy, but these challenges help teenagers become mature and well-rounded adults.
36. What does “psychological development” refer to
A. Changes in height and weight.
B. Changes in thinking and feelings.
C. Learning new skills.
D. Doing chores.
37. What is “identity formation”
A. Forgetting who you are.
B. Forming your own opinions and values.
C. Always following parents’ decisions.
D. Looking like your parents.
38. Why might teenagers try different hobbies or styles
A. To waste time.
B. To find out what fits them best.
C. To make their parents angry.
D. To avoid schoolwork.
39. What is empathy
A. Being selfish.
B. Understanding others’ feelings.
C. Making decisions quickly.
D. Growing taller.
40. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Physical growth is the most important.
B. Teenagers should not have responsibilities.
C. Growing up includes psychological changes and challenges.
D. Childhood is better than adolescence.
四、任务型阅读（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
阅读下面关于Tom成长变化的短文，根据内容完成句子，每空一词。
Tom is 15 years old. He used to be a quiet boy and spent most of his time reading alone. He didn’t like sports and couldn’t swim. But after entering middle school, he joined the school swimming club. Now, he swims very well and has made many friends there. He has also become more confident. He says, “Growing up means learning new things and becoming braver.”
41. Tom used to be a _______ boy.
42. He didn’t like _______ in the past.
43. He joined the school _______ club.
44. Now he can swim very _______.
45. He thinks growing up means becoming _______.
五、补全对话（共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）
根据上下文，在横线上写出适当的句子，使对话完整、通顺。
A: Hi, Lucy. Long time no see. You look different!
B: Really 46________________________________________
A: You’re taller than before. And you used to have long hair.
B: Yes, I cut it short last month. 47________________________________________.
A: It suits you. You also seem more confident.
B: Thank you. 48________________________________________. I joined the debate team last term.
A: That’s great! 49________________________________________
B: I used to be afraid of speaking in public, but now I enjoy it.
A: Wow, you’ve changed a lot.
B: Yes, 50________________________________________.
六、书面表达（共20分）
成长意味着变化。请以“How I Have Changed”为题，写一篇短文，介绍你在过去几年中的变化。
内容包括：
1. 过去的外貌、性格或能力（例如：身高、性格、会不会做某事）；
2. 现在的变化；
3. 你对这些变化的感受或看法。
字数要求：80词左右。
参考答案与解析
一、单项选择
1. C
解析： used to do 表示“过去常常/曾经是”，这里指“我曾经很害羞”，符合“but now”的对比语境。
2. A
解析： could 的否定形式 couldn’t 表示过去不具备的能力，与后文“现在我会了”形成对比。
3. B
解析： 现在完成时 has grown 表示“已经长高”，强调变化的结果。grown up 指“长大成人”，与 taller 搭配不当。
4. B
解析： duty 意为“责任”，与 help my parents 构成合理搭配。
5. D
解析： confident 意为“自信的”，与“能在全班面前发言”的语境一致。
6. C
解析： used to 的疑问句形式为 Did + 主语 + use to do ，use 用原形。
7. C
解析： could 表示过去具备的能力，与 when I was five 时间状语匹配。
8. C
解析： in the future 意为“将来”，与 want to be a teacher 的意愿一致。
9. A
解析： used to have 表示“过去曾经有”，与 but now 构成对比。
10. A
解析： make decisions 是固定搭配，意为“做决定”。
11. C
解析： 现在完成时 have learned 表示“已经学会”，与 last month 这个过去时间点的影响相符。
12. A
解析： look like 意为“看起来像”，是固定搭配。
13. C
解析： feel worried 意为“感到担忧”，与 too much homework 的压力情境一致。
14. A
解析： more independent 构成比较级，表示“更加独立”，符合语境。
15. C
解析： in my childhood 意为“在我的童年时期”，与 played with toys 内容一致。
二、完形填空
16. C outgoing
解析： 后文提到 didn't like to talk 和 had few friends，说明他过去并不外向（outgoing），而是 quiet 的反义词。
17. C used to
解析： used to be afraid 表示“过去常常害怕”，描述过去的状态。
18. B communicate
解析： communicate with others 意为“与他人交流”，与 join the basketball team 带来的变化一致。
19. B became
解析： 全文以一般过去时叙述，became 符合时态。
20. B outgoing
解析： 与开头 quiet 形成对比，且后文提到 give a speech，说明变得外向了。
21. B solve
解析： solve problems 是固定搭配，意为“解决问题”。
22. A finish
解析： finish homework 意为“完成作业”，与 without parents' help 呼应。
23. C taller
解析： 前文提到 grew taller，此处 not just about getting taller 强调成长不仅是身体变化。
24. D independent
解析： independent 意为“独立的”，与 responsible 并列，是成长的重要方面。
25. C adult
解析： become a better adult 意为“成为更好的成年人”，符合成长主题。
三、阅读理解
A 篇
26. C
解析： 文章第一句明确说明 “I’m 14 years old.”
27. B
解析： 第二段第二句 “I used to wear glasses” 明确指出。
28. C
解析： 第三段第二句 “I don’t wear glasses anymore because I had an operation last year.”
29. C
解析： 第三段第四句 “I’ve learned to swim and play the piano.”
30. C
解析： 最后一句 “I think growing up is interesting...” 明确表达。
B 篇
31. B
解析： 第二段主要讲做家务如何帮助青少年变得有责任感。
32. B
解析： manage their time 意为“管理/安排他们的时间”。
33. C
解析： 第三段提到 “become class leaders” 是学校的责任之一。
34. B
解析： 第四段第一句明确指出 “some teenagers feel stressed because they have too much to do.”
35. C
解析： 文章最后一句 “It prepares teenagers for their future as adults.” 点明作者观点。
C 篇
36. B
解析： psychological development 指心理发展，即思维和情感方面的变化。
37. B
解析： 第二段说明 identity formation 是形成自己的观点和价值观的过程。
38. B
解析： 第三段提到 “try different hobbies, styles... to find out what fits them best.”
39. B
解析： 第四段对 empathy 的定义是 “the ability to understand and share the feelings of others.”
40. C
解析： 全文围绕成长过程中的心理变化和挑战展开，首句和尾句均体现这一主旨。
四、任务型阅读
41. quiet
解析： 原文 “He used to be a quiet boy”。
42. sports
解析： 原文 “He didn’t like sports”。
43. swimming
解析： 原文 “he joined the school swimming club”。
44. well
解析： 原文 “Now, he swims very well”。
45. braver
解析： 原文直接引语 “Growing up means... becoming braver”。
五、补全对话（参考答案）
46. How have I changed / What's different
解析： 回应对方 “You look different” 的观察，询问具体变化。
47. I like short hair better now. / It's easier to take care of.
解析： 解释为什么剪短发，需符合语境。
48. I have become more confident since then. / Joining the team helped me.
解析： 承接“更自信”的夸奖，说明原因。
49. Did you use to be afraid of speaking / How did you change
解析： 针对对方提到辩论队，可询问过去与现在的对比。
50. growing up is full of changes. / I'm still learning and changing.
解析： 总结对话，回应“变化很大”，可表达对成长的看法。
六、书面表达（范文参考）
How I Have Changed
In the past few years, I have changed a lot. When I was in primary school, I used to be short and quiet. I couldn't swim or cook, and I was always shy in front of strangers.
Now, I am much taller and more confident. I have learned to swim and even cook simple meals. I also help my parents with chores, which makes me feel more responsible.
I think growing up is a wonderful journey. Although sometimes I feel worried about the future, I am excited to learn new things and become a better person.

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