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专题十　非谓语动词
＠知识概览
＠考纲考情分析
非谓语动词考纲要求：动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语。
＠知识梳理
非谓语动词主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式除不能独立作谓语外，可以担当句子的任何成分。它有三种形式：动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词。
◆动词不定式的用法
#功能 #用法 #例句
作主语 谓语动词用第三人称单数；为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语 To do morning exercise is good for our health.→It’s good for our health to do morning exercise.
作宾语 位于及物动词后面 Tom promised to come at nine o’clock.
作状语 表目的 When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.
表结果 Paul is too excited to say anything.
作状语 表原因 I’m sorry to hear that your mother is ill in hospital.
作宾语补足语 与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作 We invited him to make a speech at the meeting.
作表语 位于系动词之后 A good way to train the brain is to do some math exercises every day.
作定语 位于所修饰的名词之后 Joining a summer camp is a great chance to spend free time with your friends.
拓展：
(1)常见跟动词不定式的动词
希望做某事hope to do sth.
决定做某事decide to do sth.
同意做某事agree to do sth.
告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.
要求某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.
希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.
教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.
想要某人做某事want/would like sb. to do sth.
同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth.
鼓励某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth.
拒绝做某事 refuse to do sth.
(2)常见接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词
allow允许 order命令 teach教
ask要求 want想要 invite邀请
wish希望 encourage鼓励 tell告诉
warn警告 advise建议 expect期望
(3)常见含动词不定式的句型
①It’s one’s turn to do sth. 意为“轮到某人做某事了”。如：
It’s my turn to tell a story.
②It’s time to do sth.＝It’s time for sth. 意为“是该做……的时候了”。如：
It’s time to enjoy the rice noodles！
③sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.意为“某人因……而……”。如：
I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long.
④It is＋adj.＋of/for sb. to do sth. 意为“某人做某事真是太……了/对某人来说，做某事是……的”。如：
It is important for us to develop a green lifestyle.
⑤find/think/feel it＋adj.＋to do sth.意为“发现/认为/感到做某事是……的”。如：
Brad found it hard to understand American idioms.
(4)常见省略to的动词不定式的固定词组或句型
①had better (not) do sth.
②would rather do sth.
③prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
④Why not do sth.？＝Why don’t you do sth.？
◆ 动名词的用法
功能：
①作主语：谓语动词用单数形式，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作。如：
Seeing is believing.
②作宾语：表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性的动作。如：
I really enjoyed walking around the town.(动宾)
Thank you for telling me about the news.(介宾)
③作表语：用以说明主语的内容。多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。如：
My hobby is collecting stamps. ＝ Collecting stamps is my hobby.
④作定语：放在名词前，说明该名词的性能或用途，不表动作。如：
There is a washing machine over there.
拓展：
(1)常接动名词作宾语的动词
avoid避免 consider考虑 enjoy喜欢
finish完成 imagine想象 keep坚持
mind介意 suggest建议 practice练习
(2)动名词与动词不定式作宾语的区别
在有些动词后用动名词还是动词不定式作宾语，意思是不同的：
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth.停止做某事
try to do sth.尽力做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
forget to do sth.忘记做某事(未做)
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)
remember to do sth.记得做某事(未做)
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)
need to do sth.需要做某事(主动含义)
need doing sth.某事需要被做(被动含义)
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
start doing sth.开始做某事(事情已经开始做了)
start to do sth.开始做某事(事情还没开始做，在准备阶段)
＠考场实战
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.(2025·河北中考54题)Therefore， I encourage you 　to create　 (create) your “Good Things Jug” today.
2.(2025·河北徐水模拟)I needed 　to sit　 (sit) on a chair close to the machine for a whole day.
3.Our school will invite Mr Wang 　to give　 (give) us a talk on environmental protection next week.
4.　To cut 　 (cut) down air pollution， we should walk or take the bus instead of driving.
5.Later， developments in printing made it possible 　to produce　 (produce) books more quickly and cheaply.
6.Please stop 　studying　 (study) and go out for a walk. Remember 　to wear　 (wear) warm clothes.
7.Today， we must continue working 　to keep　 (keep)our skies blue， waters clean and lands clear.
8.Cathy enjoys 　solving　 (solve) a problem by sharing it with her best friends.
9.Simon always stays up late. Doctor Ma advises him 　to pay　 (pay) attention to his health.
10.The spirit of Lei Feng is worth 　spreading　 (spread) forever.专题十　非谓语动词
＠知识概览
＠考纲考情分析
非谓语动词考纲要求：动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语、目的状语。
＠知识梳理
非谓语动词主要包括动词不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)，即动词的非谓语形式除不能独立作谓语外，可以担当句子的任何成分。它有三种形式：动词不定式、分词(现在分词、过去分词)、动名词。
◆动词不定式的用法
#功能 #用法 #例句
作主语 谓语动词用第三人称单数；为保持句子平衡，常用it作形式主语 To do morning exercise is good for our health.→It’s good for our health to do morning exercise.
作宾语 位于及物动词后面 Tom promised to come at nine o’clock.
作状语 表目的 When asked why he went there， he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight.
表结果 Paul is too excited to say anything.
作状语 表原因 I’m sorry to hear that your mother is ill in hospital.
作宾语补足语 与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作 We invited him to make a speech at the meeting.
作表语 位于系动词之后 A good way to train the brain is to do some math exercises every day.
作定语 位于所修饰的名词之后 Joining a summer camp is a great chance to spend free time with your friends.
拓展：
(1)常见跟动词不定式的动词
希望做某事hope to do sth.
决定做某事decide to do sth.
同意做某事agree to do sth.
告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.
要求某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.
希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.
教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.
想要某人做某事want/would like sb. to do sth.
同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth.
鼓励某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth.
拒绝做某事 refuse to do sth.
(2)常见接带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词
allow允许 order命令 teach教
ask要求 want想要 invite邀请
wish希望 encourage鼓励 tell告诉
warn警告 advise建议 expect期望
(3)常见含动词不定式的句型
①It’s one’s turn to do sth. 意为“轮到某人做某事了”。如：
It’s my turn to tell a story.
②It’s time to do sth.＝It’s time for sth. 意为“是该做……的时候了”。如：
It’s time to enjoy the rice noodles！
③sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.意为“某人因……而……”。如：
I’m sorry to keep you waiting so long.
④It is＋adj.＋of/for sb. to do sth. 意为“某人做某事真是太……了/对某人来说，做某事是……的”。如：
It is important for us to develop a green lifestyle.
⑤find/think/feel it＋adj.＋to do sth.意为“发现/认为/感到做某事是……的”。如：
Brad found it hard to understand American idioms.
(4)常见省略to的动词不定式的固定词组或句型
①had better (not) do sth.
②would rather do sth.
③prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.
④Why not do sth.？＝Why don’t you do sth.？
◆ 动名词的用法
功能：
①作主语：谓语动词用单数形式，表示一种经常性、习惯性的动作。如：
Seeing is believing.
②作宾语：表示一般的习惯、抽象行为或经常性的动作。如：
I really enjoyed walking around the town.(动宾)
Thank you for telling me about the news.(介宾)
③作表语：用以说明主语的内容。多数情况下，动名词作表语可转换成作主语。如：
My hobby is collecting stamps. ＝ Collecting stamps is my hobby.
④作定语：放在名词前，说明该名词的性能或用途，不表动作。如：
There is a washing machine over there.
拓展：
(1)常接动名词作宾语的动词
avoid避免 consider考虑 enjoy喜欢
finish完成 imagine想象 keep坚持
mind介意 suggest建议 practice练习
(2)动名词与动词不定式作宾语的区别
在有些动词后用动名词还是动词不定式作宾语，意思是不同的：
stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事
stop doing sth.停止做某事
try to do sth.尽力做某事
try doing sth.尝试做某事
forget to do sth.忘记做某事(未做)
forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做)
remember to do sth.记得做某事(未做)
remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做)
need to do sth.需要做某事(主动含义)
need doing sth.某事需要被做(被动含义)
mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
start doing sth.开始做某事(事情已经开始做了)
start to do sth.开始做某事(事情还没开始做，在准备阶段)
＠考场实战
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.(2025·河北中考54题)Therefore， I encourage you 　 　 (create) your “Good Things Jug” today.
2.(2025·河北徐水模拟)I needed 　 　 (sit) on a chair close to the machine for a whole day.
3.Our school will invite Mr Wang 　 　 (give) us a talk on environmental protection next week.
4.　 　 (cut) down air pollution， we should walk or take the bus instead of driving.
5.Later， developments in printing made it possible 　 　 (produce) books more quickly and cheaply.
6.Please stop 　 　 (study) and go out for a walk. Remember 　 　 (wear) warm clothes.
7.Today， we must continue working 　 　 (keep)our skies blue， waters clean and lands clear.
8.Cathy enjoys 　 　 (solve) a problem by sharing it with her best friends.
9.Simon always stays up late. Doctor Ma advises him 　 　 (pay) attention to his health.
10.The spirit of Lei Feng is worth 　 　 (spread) forever.

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