专题十三 句子种类——简单句(教师版+学生版) 2026年河北省中考英语语法专题复习

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专题十三 句子种类——简单句(教师版+学生版) 2026年河北省中考英语语法专题复习

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专题十三 句子种类——简单句
@知识概览
@知识梳理
命题点一 简单句的基本句型
#结构 #例句
1. 主语+谓语+(状语) 在此句型中,谓语动词为不及物动词或者短语,后面不可以直接加宾语,但可以用状语修饰谓语动词或者整个句子 ① My cousin comes. 主语 谓语 ② Tom arrived safely. 主语 谓语 状语 ③ The sun rises in the east. 主语 谓语 状语
2. 主语+谓语+宾语+(状语) 在此句型中,谓语动词都是及物动词或者短语,可作宾语的有名词(短语)、代词、动词的ing形式、不定式(to do)等 ① She took my advice yesterday. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 ② I like playing basketball. 主语 谓语 宾语 ③ Tom arrived at the airport   safely. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语
3. 主语+系动词+表语 常见的系动词有:be动词,感官类系动词(sound/ smell/ taste/ look/ feel),变化类系动词(get/ turn/ become/ go),保持类系动词(keep/ stay/ remain)等 ① Mr. Zhang is kind and patient. 主语 系动词 表语 ② The story sounds interesting. 主语 系动词 表语
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+(状语) ① 能跟双宾语的常见动词有:ask, promise, bring, take, buy, cost, fetch, give, pass, lend, offer, read, send, show, teach, tell, write, make, get等 ② 通常情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后;有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语之后,此时间接宾语前要加介词to或for。间接宾语前常加for的动词有choose,get,make,buy等 ① He gave me a book last week. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语 ② I bought my mother a birthday cake. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+(状语) ① 在某些及物动词后面,要用一个“宾语+宾补”才能表达完整的意思,宾补用来补充说明宾语的意义和状态等 ② 宾补的形式有很多,名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词、副词和介词等都可作宾补 ① The news makes him unhappy. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 ② She asked me to call him. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 ③ I heard him singing in the room. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 状语
命题点二 陈述句和疑问句
陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达看法,有肯定和否定两种形式,句末通常用句号。
#陈述句 #结构 #例句
肯定形式 主语+谓语+其他 The boy often helps others. I went to the park yesterday.
否定形式 ①主语+be+not+其他 She is not a teacher.
②主语+助动词+not+其他 The boy doesn’t do housework at home.
③主语+情态动词+not+其他 Man can’t live without water.
用于提问的句子叫疑问句,句末用问号。疑问句主要考查一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句。
#一般疑问句 #结构 #例句及答语
用于询问事物或某种情况是否属实,希望对方给予肯定(yes)或否定(no)回答 Be+主语+其他? —Is this your schoolbag? —Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t.
情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他? —Must I finish the task now? —Yes, you must./No, you needn’t.
助动词+主语+其他? —Does he have a soccer ball? —Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
#特殊疑问句 #疑问词及用法 #例句及答语
用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句;回答时不能使用yes或no what “什么”,询问职业、身份、观点、看法等 —What is your father? —He is a farmer.
where“哪里”,询问地点、位置 —Where did Tom buy this bag? —In Hainan.
which“哪一个”,询问特定的人或物(有选择) —Which girl is your sister? —The one under the tree.
how“怎么样”,询问方式、感受 —How do you feel? —I feel happy.
who/whom “谁”,询问人 —Who makes you angry? —Tony.
用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句;回答时不能使用yes或no whose“谁的”,询问物品归属 —Whose coat is it? —Bob’s.
when “什么时候”,询问时间 —When is your birthday? —On March 23.
why “为什么”,询问原因或者目的 —Why are you late? —Because I got up late. —Why do you work hard? —To enter a better school.
how far“多远”,询问距离 —How far is your home? —It’s five minutes’ walk.
how much“多少(钱)”,询问价格;询问数量时,后跟不可数名词 —How much is your shirt? —30 yuan.
how many“多少”,询问数量时,后跟可数名词复数 —How many colours can you see? —Seven.
how often“多久一次”,询问频率 —How often do you walk to school? —Three days a week.
how long“多长(时间)”,询问持续的时间,答语用“for+一段时间”或“since+过去的时间点”;询问物体长度 —How long do you finish your work? —For about an hour.
how soon“多久”,询问将来的时间,答语用“in+一段时间” —How soon will he come back? —In three days.
选择疑问句 结构 例句及答语
说话者提供两种或两种以上的情况,供对方选择的疑问句。选择疑问句不用yes或no回答,只要根据实际情况回答即可 一般疑问句+选择项+or+选择项? —Do you like reading or singing? —Reading.
特殊疑问句+选择项+or+选择项? —Which do you like better, tea or coffee? —Both/Neither.
命题点三 祈使句
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议和劝告等。
#祈使句 #结构 #例句及答语
肯定形式 (Please+)动词原形+其他. —Please open the door. —OK, I will.
Be+形容词(+其他). —Be careful! —OK, I will.
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他. Let me show you around.
否定形式 Don’t/Never+动词原形+其他. —Please don’t throw the rubbish. —Sorry, I won’t.
No+名词/动名词! No photos!禁止拍照! No smoking!禁止吸烟!
命题点四 感叹句
感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子,可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等,句末使用感叹号。
#感叹句 #结构 #例句
What引导的感叹句 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! What a beautiful flower it is!
What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)! What lovely children they are!
What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)! What strange weather it is!
How引导的感叹句 How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)! How useful the advice is!
How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! How wonderful a book it is!
How+主语+谓语! How time flies!
@考场实战
Ⅰ.句型转换。
1.Alan hurt his back yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)
    Alan     his back yesterday?
2.That is David’s wallet. (对画线部分提问)
        is that?
3.She shut the door behind her angrily. (改为否定句)
She         the door behind her angrily.
4.I met a stranger on my way home yesterday. (对画线部分提问)
        you meet a stranger yesterday?
5.Tom has to stay up late for the coming dancing competition. (改为否定句)
Tom         to stay up late for the coming dancing competition.
6.Many Chinese students go abroad to further their studies every year. (对画线部分提问)
        many Chinese students go abroad every year?
7.My daughter has already finished her homework. (改为否定句)
My daughter     finished her homework    .
8.She’s reading something about Beijing Opera in the newspaper. (改为一般疑问句)
    she     anything about Beijing Opera in the newspaper?
Ⅱ.汉译英。
9.我喜欢写诗。
   .
10.诗歌让我的生活丰富多彩。
   .
11.我加入了诗歌俱乐部。
   .
12.这个俱乐部太棒了!
   !
13.你的兴趣爱好是什么?
   ?专题十三 句子种类——简单句
@知识概览
@知识梳理
命题点一 简单句的基本句型
#结构 #例句
1. 主语+谓语+(状语) 在此句型中,谓语动词为不及物动词或者短语,后面不可以直接加宾语,但可以用状语修饰谓语动词或者整个句子 ① My cousin comes. 主语 谓语 ② Tom arrived safely. 主语 谓语 状语 ③ The sun rises in the east. 主语 谓语 状语
2. 主语+谓语+宾语+(状语) 在此句型中,谓语动词都是及物动词或者短语,可作宾语的有名词(短语)、代词、动词的ing形式、不定式(to do)等 ① She took my advice yesterday. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 ② I like playing basketball. 主语 谓语 宾语 ③ Tom arrived at the airport   safely. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语
3. 主语+系动词+表语 常见的系动词有:be动词,感官类系动词(sound/ smell/ taste/ look/ feel),变化类系动词(get/ turn/ become/ go),保持类系动词(keep/ stay/ remain)等 ① Mr. Zhang is kind and patient. 主语 系动词 表语 ② The story sounds interesting. 主语 系动词 表语
4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语+(状语) ① 能跟双宾语的常见动词有:ask, promise, bring, take, buy, cost, fetch, give, pass, lend, offer, read, send, show, teach, tell, write, make, get等 ② 通常情况下,间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后;有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语之后,此时间接宾语前要加介词to或for。间接宾语前常加for的动词有choose,get,make,buy等 ① He gave me a book last week. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语 ② I bought my mother a birthday cake. 主语 谓语 间接宾语 直接宾语
5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语+(状语) ① 在某些及物动词后面,要用一个“宾语+宾补”才能表达完整的意思,宾补用来补充说明宾语的意义和状态等 ② 宾补的形式有很多,名词、形容词、动词不定式、分词、副词和介词等都可作宾补 ① The news makes him unhappy. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 ② She asked me to call him. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 ③ I heard him singing in the room. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语 状语
命题点二 陈述句和疑问句
陈述句用来陈述一件事或表达看法,有肯定和否定两种形式,句末通常用句号。
#陈述句 #结构 #例句
肯定形式 主语+谓语+其他 The boy often helps others. I went to the park yesterday.
否定形式 ①主语+be+not+其他 She is not a teacher.
②主语+助动词+not+其他 The boy doesn’t do housework at home.
③主语+情态动词+not+其他 Man can’t live without water.
用于提问的句子叫疑问句,句末用问号。疑问句主要考查一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和选择疑问句。
#一般疑问句 #结构 #例句及答语
用于询问事物或某种情况是否属实,希望对方给予肯定(yes)或否定(no)回答 Be+主语+其他? —Is this your schoolbag? —Yes, it is. /No, it isn’t.
情态动词+主语+动词原形+其他? —Must I finish the task now? —Yes, you must./No, you needn’t.
助动词+主语+其他? —Does he have a soccer ball? —Yes, he does./No, he doesn’t.
#特殊疑问句 #疑问词及用法 #例句及答语
用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句;回答时不能使用yes或no what “什么”,询问职业、身份、观点、看法等 —What is your father? —He is a farmer.
where“哪里”,询问地点、位置 —Where did Tom buy this bag? —In Hainan.
which“哪一个”,询问特定的人或物(有选择) —Which girl is your sister? —The one under the tree.
how“怎么样”,询问方式、感受 —How do you feel? —I feel happy.
who/whom “谁”,询问人 —Who makes you angry? —Tony.
用特殊疑问词引导的疑问句叫特殊疑问句;回答时不能使用yes或no whose“谁的”,询问物品归属 —Whose coat is it? —Bob’s.
when “什么时候”,询问时间 —When is your birthday? —On March 23.
why “为什么”,询问原因或者目的 —Why are you late? —Because I got up late. —Why do you work hard? —To enter a better school.
how far“多远”,询问距离 —How far is your home? —It’s five minutes’ walk.
how much“多少(钱)”,询问价格;询问数量时,后跟不可数名词 —How much is your shirt? —30 yuan.
how many“多少”,询问数量时,后跟可数名词复数 —How many colours can you see? —Seven.
how often“多久一次”,询问频率 —How often do you walk to school? —Three days a week.
how long“多长(时间)”,询问持续的时间,答语用“for+一段时间”或“since+过去的时间点”;询问物体长度 —How long do you finish your work? —For about an hour.
how soon“多久”,询问将来的时间,答语用“in+一段时间” —How soon will he come back? —In three days.
选择疑问句 结构 例句及答语
说话者提供两种或两种以上的情况,供对方选择的疑问句。选择疑问句不用yes或no回答,只要根据实际情况回答即可 一般疑问句+选择项+or+选择项? —Do you like reading or singing? —Reading.
特殊疑问句+选择项+or+选择项? —Which do you like better, tea or coffee? —Both/Neither.
命题点三 祈使句
祈使句表示命令、请求、建议和劝告等。
#祈使句 #结构 #例句及答语
肯定形式 (Please+)动词原形+其他. —Please open the door. —OK, I will.
Be+形容词(+其他). —Be careful! —OK, I will.
Let+宾语+动词原形+其他. Let me show you around.
否定形式 Don’t/Never+动词原形+其他. —Please don’t throw the rubbish. —Sorry, I won’t.
No+名词/动名词! No photos!禁止拍照! No smoking!禁止吸烟!
命题点四 感叹句
感叹句是用来表达人的特殊情感的句子,可以表达人的喜、怒、哀、乐等,句末使用感叹号。
#感叹句 #结构 #例句
What引导的感叹句 What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! What a beautiful flower it is!
What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)! What lovely children they are!
What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)! What strange weather it is!
How引导的感叹句 How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)! How useful the advice is!
How+形容词+a/an+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! How wonderful a book it is!
How+主语+谓语! How time flies!
@考场实战
Ⅰ.句型转换。
1.Alan hurt his back yesterday. (改为一般疑问句)
 Did  Alan   hurt  his back yesterday?
2.That is David’s wallet. (对画线部分提问)
 Whose   wallet  is that?
3.She shut the door behind her angrily. (改为否定句)
She  didn’t   shut  the door behind her angrily.
4.I met a stranger on my way home yesterday. (对画线部分提问)
 Where   did  you meet a stranger yesterday?
5.Tom has to stay up late for the coming dancing competition. (改为否定句)
Tom  doesn’t   have  to stay up late for the coming dancing competition.
6.Many Chinese students go abroad to further their studies every year. (对画线部分提问)
 Why   do  many Chinese students go abroad every year?
7.My daughter has already finished her homework. (改为否定句)
My daughter  hasn’t  finished her homework  yet .
8.She’s reading something about Beijing Opera in the newspaper. (改为一般疑问句)
 Is  she  reading  anything about Beijing Opera in the newspaper?
Ⅱ.汉译英。
9.我喜欢写诗。
 I like writing poems .
10.诗歌让我的生活丰富多彩。
 Poems make my life rich .
11.我加入了诗歌俱乐部。
 I join a poem club .
12.这个俱乐部太棒了!
 How wonderful the club is !
13.你的兴趣爱好是什么?
 What is your hobby ?

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