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专题十四　主谓一致与there be句型
＠知识梳理一
主谓一致(近5年未考)
1.语法一致原则
谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。
(1)不可数名词/可数名词单数/不定式/动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。
Running is good for our health.跑步对我们的健康有好处。
(2)主语后接with， (together/along) with， as well as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致，即“就远原则”。
Tom with his parents is coming to Beijing tomorrow.明天汤姆和他的父母要来北京。
(3)不定代词each/every/either/neither或由every-， any-， no-和-one/-body/-thing等构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.世上无难事，只怕有心人。
Each boy has a new book.每一个男孩都有一本新书。
(4)当and或both ... and ...连接名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。
(5)“a number of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
“the number of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students are on the playground.许多学生在操场上。
The number of tigers in the wild is quickly decreasing.野生老虎的数量正在迅速减少。
(6)“a pair of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“大于1的数词＋pairs of＋可数名词复
数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
This pair of shoes is very expensive. 这双鞋很贵。
Fifty pairs of gloves are made each day. 每天做50双手套。
(7)某些只有复数意义的名词(如：clothes， trousers， pants， gloves， shorts， glasses， socks)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The gloves are a present for my father. 这副手套是给爸爸的一个礼物。
(8)由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/分数/百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于短语后面名词的数。
Over 70 percent of the earth is covered by water.地球 70％以上被水覆盖。
There are a lot of things you can do. 你有很多事情可以做。
(9)“one of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
One of my friends comes from Canada. 我的一个朋友来自加拿大。
2.意义一致原则
谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要和主语所表达的意义一致。
(1)表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Ten years is a short time.十年是一段很短的时间。
100 dollars is not enough.100美元是不够的。
(2)集体名词(如family， team， class， group ...)如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。
My family are going on a picnic this weekend. 这个周末我的家人要去野餐。
His family is going to move. 他家要搬走了。
(3)“the＋姓氏复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”。
The Whites enjoy playing basketball.怀特夫妇喜欢打篮球。
(4)“the＋形容词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，表示“一类人”。
Not only the young but also the old like music.年轻人和老年人都喜欢音乐。
(5) police， people等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The police are helping the girl. 警察正在帮助那个女孩。
3.就近一致原则
谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致。
(1)由either ... or ...， neither ... nor ...， not only ... but also ...等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
Not only I but also Lucy enjoys dancing. 我和露西都喜欢跳舞。
(2)There be ...和Here be ...这两个句式中，be与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is an apple on the table. 桌子上有一个苹果。
There are two birds in the tree. 树上有两只鸟。
＠考场实战一
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.The old in my country 　are　 (be) cared for by their children.
2.Two fifths of the money 　has　 (have) been used up.
3.—How much 　is　 the pair of trousers？
—Thirty yuan 　is　 enough. (be)
4.Not only you but also I 　am　 (be) interested in
the movie Harry Potter.
5.As we all know， using public chopsticks 　is 　
(be) necessary when we eat with others.
6.—What’s your plan for the coming Dragon Boat Festival？
—Most of us 　want　 (want) to make zongzi.
7.Each of us 　sets　 (set) a life goal， which will guide us to a bright future.
8.—Not only the young but also the old 　become　
(become) interested in short videos.
—I agree with you.
9.Tom， together with his friends， often 　goes　 (go) to the old people’s home to cheer them up.
10.Two thirds of the work 　has　 (have) been finished before time is up.
＠知识梳理二
there be句型
考查点 年份 题号 考查角度
there be 结构 2022 / /
2021 84 连词成句
2020 84 连词成句
2019 / /
1.结构：
肯定句：There be＋主语＋地点/时间状语.
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
否定句：There be＋not/no＋主语＋地点/时间状语。
There aren’t any books on the desk.桌子上没有一些书。
一般疑问句：Be＋there＋地点/时间状语？
Are there any books on the desk？桌子上有一些书吗？
2.用法：
(1)There be句型遵循就近原则：be动词的单复数要和be之后的第一个名词的数保持一致。如：
There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and a book on the desk.桌子上有两支钢笔和一本书。
(2)辨析：there be句型与have
there be表示某处存在某物或某人。
have表示某人拥有某物或某人，强调所属关系。如：
There is a park near my house.我家房子附近有一个公园。
I have many good friends.我有许多好朋友。
(3)将会有：There will be，There is/are going to be
如：
There will be a shower this afternoon.今天下午有一场阵雨。
There is going to be a shower this afternoon.今天下午有一场阵雨。
(4)There be ... doing sth.某处有某人/物正在做某事。
There is a fierce bear coming.一只凶猛的熊将要来了。
＠考场实战二
Ⅰ.用be动词的适当形式填空。
1.There 　is　 not any money in my pocket.
2.There 　was　 a lot of traffic when I came here. I am sorry I am late.
3.There 　are　 lots of sheep and pigs on my uncle’s farm now.
4.There 　were　 many people when I got there.
5.There 　will be　 a football match in our school next week.
6.There 　was　 a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday.
Ⅱ.汉译英。
7.我家附近有一个大公园。
　There is a big park near my home　.
8.那里有好多人啊！
　There are many people there　！
9.有一些老人在那儿跳舞。
　There are some old people dancing there　.
10.你家附近有公园吗？
　Is there a park near your home　？专题十四　主谓一致与there be句型
＠知识梳理一
主谓一致(近5年未考)
1.语法一致原则
谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。
(1)不可数名词/可数名词单数/不定式/动名词作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。
Running is good for our health.跑步对我们的健康有好处。
(2)主语后接with， (together/along) with， as well as等词或短语时，谓语动词的数与前面的主语保持一致，即“就远原则”。
Tom with his parents is coming to Beijing tomorrow.明天汤姆和他的父母要来北京。
(3)不定代词each/every/either/neither或由every-， any-， no-和-one/-body/-thing等构成的复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Nothing is impossible for a willing heart.世上无难事，只怕有心人。
Each boy has a new book.每一个男孩都有一本新书。
(4)当and或both ... and ...连接名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和莉莉都是学生。
(5)“a number of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
“the number of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students are on the playground.许多学生在操场上。
The number of tigers in the wild is quickly decreasing.野生老虎的数量正在迅速减少。
(6)“a pair of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；“大于1的数词＋pairs of＋可数名词复
数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
This pair of shoes is very expensive. 这双鞋很贵。
Fifty pairs of gloves are made each day. 每天做50双手套。
(7)某些只有复数意义的名词(如：clothes， trousers， pants， gloves， shorts， glasses， socks)作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The gloves are a present for my father. 这副手套是给爸爸的一个礼物。
(8)由“a lot of/lots of/plenty of/half of/分数/百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于短语后面名词的数。
Over 70 percent of the earth is covered by water.地球 70％以上被水覆盖。
There are a lot of things you can do. 你有很多事情可以做。
(9)“one of＋可数名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
One of my friends comes from Canada. 我的一个朋友来自加拿大。
2.意义一致原则
谓语动词用单数形式还是复数形式要和主语所表达的意义一致。
(1)表示金钱、价格、时间、长度等复数名词作主语时，一般被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。
Ten years is a short time.十年是一段很短的时间。
100 dollars is not enough.100美元是不够的。
(2)集体名词(如family， team， class， group ...)如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示集体中的成员，则谓语动词用复数形式。
My family are going on a picnic this weekend. 这个周末我的家人要去野餐。
His family is going to move. 他家要搬走了。
(3)“the＋姓氏复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示“……一家”或“……夫妇”。
The Whites enjoy playing basketball.怀特夫妇喜欢打篮球。
(4)“the＋形容词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数，表示“一类人”。
Not only the young but also the old like music.年轻人和老年人都喜欢音乐。
(5) police， people等集合名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
The police are helping the girl. 警察正在帮助那个女孩。
3.就近一致原则
谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数保持一致。
(1)由either ... or ...， neither ... nor ...， not only ... but also ...等连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词与较近的主语在单复数上保持一致。
Not only I but also Lucy enjoys dancing. 我和露西都喜欢跳舞。
(2)There be ...和Here be ...这两个句式中，be与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
Here is an apple on the table. 桌子上有一个苹果。
There are two birds in the tree. 树上有两只鸟。
＠考场实战一
用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.The old in my country 　 　 (be) cared for by their children.
2.Two fifths of the money 　 　 (have) been used up.
3.—How much 　 　 the pair of trousers？
—Thirty yuan 　 　 enough. (be)
4.Not only you but also I 　 　 (be) interested in
the movie Harry Potter.
5.As we all know， using public chopsticks 　 　
(be) necessary when we eat with others.
6.—What’s your plan for the coming Dragon Boat Festival？
—Most of us 　 　 (want) to make zongzi.
7.Each of us 　 　 (set) a life goal， which will guide us to a bright future.
8.—Not only the young but also the old 　 　
(become) interested in short videos.
—I agree with you.
9.Tom， together with his friends， often 　 　 (go) to the old people’s home to cheer them up.
10.Two thirds of the work 　 　 (have) been finished before time is up.
＠知识梳理二
there be句型
考查点 年份 题号 考查角度
there be 结构 2022 / /
2021 84 连词成句
2020 84 连词成句
2019 / /
1.结构：
肯定句：There be＋主语＋地点/时间状语.
There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。
否定句：There be＋not/no＋主语＋地点/时间状语。
There aren’t any books on the desk.桌子上没有一些书。
一般疑问句：Be＋there＋地点/时间状语？
Are there any books on the desk？桌子上有一些书吗？
2.用法：
(1)There be句型遵循就近原则：be动词的单复数要和be之后的第一个名词的数保持一致。如：
There is a book and two pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和两支钢笔。
There are two pens and a book on the desk.桌子上有两支钢笔和一本书。
(2)辨析：there be句型与have
there be表示某处存在某物或某人。
have表示某人拥有某物或某人，强调所属关系。如：
There is a park near my house.我家房子附近有一个公园。
I have many good friends.我有许多好朋友。
(3)将会有：There will be，There is/are going to be
如：
There will be a shower this afternoon.今天下午有一场阵雨。
There is going to be a shower this afternoon.今天下午有一场阵雨。
(4)There be ... doing sth.某处有某人/物正在做某事。
There is a fierce bear coming.一只凶猛的熊将要来了。
＠考场实战二
Ⅰ.用be动词的适当形式填空。
1.There 　 　 not any money in my pocket.
2.There 　 　 a lot of traffic when I came here. I am sorry I am late.
3.There 　 　 lots of sheep and pigs on my uncle’s farm now.
4.There 　 　 many people when I got there.
5.There 　 　 a football match in our school next week.
6.There 　 　 a tin of chicken behind the fridge yesterday.
Ⅱ.汉译英。
7.我家附近有一个大公园。
　 　.
8.那里有好多人啊！
　 　！
9.有一些老人在那儿跳舞。
　 　.
10.你家附近有公园吗？
　 　？

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