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专题十一　动词的时态
＠知识概览
＠考纲考情分析
考纲 要求 1.现在进行时 2.一般现在时 3.一般过去时 4.一般将来时 5.过去进行时6.现在完成时
#时态 #年份 #题号 #选项设置 #语境话题
一般 现在时 2025 48 be—are 日常生活
2024 33 A. gets up B. got up C. will get up D. has got up 生活与学习
2023 78 tell—tells 人与自我
2022 73 likes 日常生活
2022 77 invited 日常生活
一般 过去时 2025 50 teach—taught 日常生活
2024 75 ring—rang 生活与学习
2024 78 shout—shouted 生活与学习
2023 75 get—got 人与自我
2021 36 A. enjoy B. enjoyed C. will enjoy D. have enjoyed 日常生活
2020 71 felt 日常生活
现在 进行时 2023 38 A. play B. played C. are playing D. were playing 校园生活
2020 33 A. gets B. got C. is getting D. was getting 日常生活
时态 年份 题号 选项设置 语境话题
过去 进行时 2022 38 A. take B. was taking C. am taking D. will take 校园生活
2021 35 A. waters B. has watered C. is watering D. was watering 日常生活
现在 完成时 2024 40 A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. was studying 生活与学习
2023 37 A. reads B. has read C. is reading D. was reading 日常生活
2022 39 A. will make B. am making C. was making D. have made 日常生活
2021 40 A. will write B. is writing C. has written D. was writing 日常生活
2020 39 A. finish B. finished C. will finish D. have finished 学习生活
一般 将来时 2025 55 make—will make 日常生活
2024 37 A. order B. ordered C. was ordering D. will order 生活与学习
2023 34 A. go B. went C. was going D. will go 日常生活
2022 37 A. went B. have gone C. will go D. were going 日常生活
＠知识梳理
初中阶段六种常考时态的构成及用法
◆一般现在时
结构：
1.主语＋am/is/are
2.主语＋动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式
标志词：
1.频度副词(组)：always， usually， often， sometimes， seldom， never， hardly， twice a month， three times a day等
2.其他词组：on Sundays， at/on weekends， every day/year ...
常见用法及例句：
1.表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作，常与频度副词连用。
2.表示客观真理、客观存在或自然现象。如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
3.表示现在的情况或状态。如：
I enjoy playing games with my friends.我喜欢和我的朋友们一起玩游戏。
4.主将从现。用在以if， unless， as soon as， when， once， until等引导的条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：
I will tell him the good news when he comes back.当他回来时，我将告诉他这个好消息。
◆一般过去时
结构：
1.主语＋was/were
2.主语＋动词过去式
标志词：
1. ago及ago词组
2. yesterday及yesterday词组
3. last及last词组
4. just now， in the past， in 1920等
5. at the age of ...， used to ...
6. one day， long long ago， once upon a time
常见用法及例句：
1.表示过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。如：
We went to the City Library last week.我们上周去了市图书馆。
2.表示过去常常或反复发生的动作，常与always， usually， often， sometimes， never等频度副词连用。如：
He always took the time to explain things to me clearly whenever I couldn’t understand anything.
每当我什么都听不懂的时候，他总是花时间给我解释清楚。
3.在since引导的时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：
My uncle has worked in the company since he came to Zhengzhou.我叔叔自从到郑州以来一直在这家公司工作。
4.有些句子中没有明确表示过去时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态，应当用一般过去时。如：
What was the final score？最终的比分是多少？(说话时比分已经出来了)
◆一般将来时
结构：
主语＋will/shall/be going to＋动词原形
标志词：
1. tomorrow， soon， later
2. next week/month ...
3. in a week， in 2023， in＋一段时间
4. one day，in the (near) future
常见用法及例句：
1.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。如：
Scientists believe that there will be more robots in the future. 科学家相信未来会有更多的机器人。
2. be going to＋动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如：
Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.看那乌云，将要有一场暴风雨。(客观迹象)
3.主将从现。
◆现在进行时
结构：
主语＋am/is/are＋现在分词
标志词：
1. now， right now
2. at present， at this time， at the/this moment等
3. these days
4. when， while
5. Look！/ Listen！
常见用法及例句：
1.表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作。
2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。如：
They are exercising hard this month.他们这个月正在很努力地训练。
3. go， leave， arrive， start， come， begin， stop等动词用现在进行时表示马上要发生的事情。如：
My uncle is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我叔叔明天将去北京。
◆过去进行时
结构：
主语＋was/were＋现在分词
标志词：
1. then
2. at that time， at ten yesterday， at this time yesterday等
3. when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句
常见用法及例句：
1.表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。如：
When you called， I was having a shower.你打电话时，我正在洗澡。
2.表示一个过去的动作发生时，另一个过去的动作正在进行。如：
I was watering the flowers when suddenly it began to rain.我正在给花浇水，突然开始下雨了。
3.表示两个过去的动作同时进行。如：
I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking.我在写作业，我妈妈在做饭。
◆现在完成时
结构：
主语＋have/has＋过去分词
标志词：
1. already， ever， never， just， yet， still
2. recently， lately， so far， up to/till now
3. in the past/last three years ...
4. since 1998， since＋时间点
5. for three years， for＋一段时间
常见用法及例句：
1.已完成用法：表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：
—Have you finished your homework yet？ 你写完家庭作业了吗？
—No， I haven’t. 不，我还没有。
2.未完成用法：表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要持续下去，常和for， since连用，表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。如：
My father has worked in the hospital for ten years.我父亲已经在医院工作了十年。
3. 特殊用法：
(1) have gone to 已去某地(未回)
have been to 曾去过某地(已回)
have been in已经在某地
(2)短暂性动词(瞬间动词)可用于完成时，但不能与时间段(for ...， since ...)连用，如果句中有时间段，需要将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词。
＠考场实战
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.(2025·河北中考55题)I am sure it 　 　 (make) a big difference in your future life.
2.(2025·河北徐水模拟)I 　 　 (volunteer) more in the future.
3.(2025·河北徐水模拟)Now hundreds of people 　 　 (watch) the competitions online.
4.(2025·河北中考50题)There， we　 　 (teach) my pet cat how to clap (拍) with his feet.
5.I 　 　 (read) half of the book. I will finish the rest as quickly as possible.
6.Remember that if you are polite and kind to others， they 　 　 (treat) you in the same way.
7.Mary’s family 　 　 (decide) to move to Langfang. And she invited us to attend her goodbye party.
Ⅱ.短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词(有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式)。
　　Max Woosey is a 12-year-old boy. He has slept outside in storms， snow and heat waves， but now he is coming indoors.
　　After two years of sleeping in a tent， Max 8. 　 　 (raise) over ￡700，000 already. He is about to remember what a bed 9. 　 　 (feel) like. “I’m still going to be in my tent a lot，” said Max. “But now I’ve done it for two years. If there 10. 　 　 (be) a big， dangerous storm coming， I may come inside.”
　　Max 11. 　 　 (begin) camping out in March 2020. At that time， an old neighbour of his， Rick Abbott， who was seriously ill， gave Max a tent and told him to take a risk with it. Later Max decided to camp out to raise money for the hospital that cared for Rick. Max didn’t think he would keep going a long time， but it 12. 　 　 (go) on and on.
　　Over the two years， Max has been through around 15 tents and 13. 　 　 (have) camping trips in many places. He even slept on a hotel balcony (阳台). His dad 14. 　 　 (join) him in the tent during last year’s Storm Eunice， with Max joking that he was wake up not by the wind but by his dad’s snoring (鼾声)！专题十一　动词的时态
＠知识概览
＠考纲考情分析
考纲 要求 1.现在进行时 2.一般现在时 3.一般过去时 4.一般将来时 5.过去进行时6.现在完成时
#时态 #年份 #题号 #选项设置 #语境话题
一般 现在时 2025 48 be—are 日常生活
2024 33 A. gets up B. got up C. will get up D. has got up 生活与学习
2023 78 tell—tells 人与自我
2022 73 likes 日常生活
2022 77 invited 日常生活
一般 过去时 2025 50 teach—taught 日常生活
2024 75 ring—rang 生活与学习
2024 78 shout—shouted 生活与学习
2023 75 get—got 人与自我
2021 36 A. enjoy B. enjoyed C. will enjoy D. have enjoyed 日常生活
2020 71 felt 日常生活
现在 进行时 2023 38 A. play B. played C. are playing D. were playing 校园生活
2020 33 A. gets B. got C. is getting D. was getting 日常生活
时态 年份 题号 选项设置 语境话题
过去 进行时 2022 38 A. take B. was taking C. am taking D. will take 校园生活
2021 35 A. waters B. has watered C. is watering D. was watering 日常生活
现在 完成时 2024 40 A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. was studying 生活与学习
2023 37 A. reads B. has read C. is reading D. was reading 日常生活
2022 39 A. will make B. am making C. was making D. have made 日常生活
2021 40 A. will write B. is writing C. has written D. was writing 日常生活
2020 39 A. finish B. finished C. will finish D. have finished 学习生活
一般 将来时 2025 55 make—will make 日常生活
2024 37 A. order B. ordered C. was ordering D. will order 生活与学习
2023 34 A. go B. went C. was going D. will go 日常生活
2022 37 A. went B. have gone C. will go D. were going 日常生活
＠知识梳理
初中阶段六种常考时态的构成及用法
◆一般现在时
结构：
1.主语＋am/is/are
2.主语＋动词原形/动词第三人称单数形式
标志词：
1.频度副词(组)：always， usually， often， sometimes， seldom， never， hardly， twice a month， three times a day等
2.其他词组：on Sundays， at/on weekends， every day/year ...
常见用法及例句：
1.表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作，常与频度副词连用。
2.表示客观真理、客观存在或自然现象。如：
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕着太阳转。
3.表示现在的情况或状态。如：
I enjoy playing games with my friends.我喜欢和我的朋友们一起玩游戏。
4.主将从现。用在以if， unless， as soon as， when， once， until等引导的条件状语从句和时间状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。如：
I will tell him the good news when he comes back.当他回来时，我将告诉他这个好消息。
◆一般过去时
结构：
1.主语＋was/were
2.主语＋动词过去式
标志词：
1. ago及ago词组
2. yesterday及yesterday词组
3. last及last词组
4. just now， in the past， in 1920等
5. at the age of ...， used to ...
6. one day， long long ago， once upon a time
常见用法及例句：
1.表示过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。如：
We went to the City Library last week.我们上周去了市图书馆。
2.表示过去常常或反复发生的动作，常与always， usually， often， sometimes， never等频度副词连用。如：
He always took the time to explain things to me clearly whenever I couldn’t understand anything.
每当我什么都听不懂的时候，他总是花时间给我解释清楚。
3.在since引导的时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。如：
My uncle has worked in the company since he came to Zhengzhou.我叔叔自从到郑州以来一直在这家公司工作。
4.有些句子中没有明确表示过去时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态，应当用一般过去时。如：
What was the final score？最终的比分是多少？(说话时比分已经出来了)
◆一般将来时
结构：
主语＋will/shall/be going to＋动词原形
标志词：
1. tomorrow， soon， later
2. next week/month ...
3. in a week， in 2023， in＋一段时间
4. one day，in the (near) future
常见用法及例句：
1.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。如：
Scientists believe that there will be more robots in the future. 科学家相信未来会有更多的机器人。
2. be going to＋动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。如：
Look at the dark clouds. There is going to be a storm.看那乌云，将要有一场暴风雨。(客观迹象)
3.主将从现。
◆现在进行时
结构：
主语＋am/is/are＋现在分词
标志词：
1. now， right now
2. at present， at this time， at the/this moment等
3. these days
4. when， while
5. Look！/ Listen！
常见用法及例句：
1.表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作。
2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。如：
They are exercising hard this month.他们这个月正在很努力地训练。
3. go， leave， arrive， start， come， begin， stop等动词用现在进行时表示马上要发生的事情。如：
My uncle is leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我叔叔明天将去北京。
◆过去进行时
结构：
主语＋was/were＋现在分词
标志词：
1. then
2. at that time， at ten yesterday， at this time yesterday等
3. when/while引导的表示过去时间的状语从句
常见用法及例句：
1.表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。如：
When you called， I was having a shower.你打电话时，我正在洗澡。
2.表示一个过去的动作发生时，另一个过去的动作正在进行。如：
I was watering the flowers when suddenly it began to rain.我正在给花浇水，突然开始下雨了。
3.表示两个过去的动作同时进行。如：
I was doing my homework while my mother was cooking.我在写作业，我妈妈在做饭。
◆现在完成时
结构：
主语＋have/has＋过去分词
标志词：
1. already， ever， never， just， yet， still
2. recently， lately， so far， up to/till now
3. in the past/last three years ...
4. since 1998， since＋时间点
5. for three years， for＋一段时间
常见用法及例句：
1.已完成用法：表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如：
—Have you finished your homework yet？ 你写完家庭作业了吗？
—No， I haven’t. 不，我还没有。
2.未完成用法：表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要持续下去，常和for， since连用，表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。如：
My father has worked in the hospital for ten years.我父亲已经在医院工作了十年。
3. 特殊用法：
(1) have gone to 已去某地(未回)
have been to 曾去过某地(已回)
have been in已经在某地
(2)短暂性动词(瞬间动词)可用于完成时，但不能与时间段(for ...， since ...)连用，如果句中有时间段，需要将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词。
＠考场实战
Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1.(2025·河北中考55题)I am sure it 　will make　 (make) a big difference in your future life.
2.(2025·河北徐水模拟)I 　will volunteer/am going to volunteer　 (volunteer) more in the future.
3.(2025·河北徐水模拟)Now hundreds of people 　are watching　 (watch) the competitions online.
4.(2025·河北中考50题)There， we　taught/teach　 (teach) my pet cat how to clap (拍) with his feet.
5.I 　have read　 (read) half of the book. I will finish the rest as quickly as possible.
6.Remember that if you are polite and kind to others， they 　will treat　 (treat) you in the same way.
7.Mary’s family 　decided　 (decide) to move to Langfang. And she invited us to attend her goodbye party.
Ⅱ.短文填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词(有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式)。
　　Max Woosey is a 12-year-old boy. He has slept outside in storms， snow and heat waves， but now he is coming indoors.
　　After two years of sleeping in a tent， Max 8. 　has raised　 (raise) over ￡700，000 already. He is about to remember what a bed 9. 　feels　 (feel) like. “I’m still going to be in my tent a lot，” said Max. “But now I’ve done it for two years. If there 10. 　is　 (be) a big， dangerous storm coming， I may come inside.”
　　Max 11. 　began　 (begin) camping out in March 2020. At that time， an old neighbour of his， Rick Abbott， who was seriously ill， gave Max a tent and told him to take a risk with it. Later Max decided to camp out to raise money for the hospital that cared for Rick. Max didn’t think he would keep going a long time， but it 12. 　went　 (go) on and on.
　　Over the two years， Max has been through around 15 tents and 13. 　has had　 (have) camping trips in many places. He even slept on a hotel balcony (阳台). His dad 14. 　joined　 (join) him in the tent during last year’s Storm Eunice， with Max joking that he was wake up not by the wind but by his dad’s snoring (鼾声)！

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