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(共27张PPT)
Grammar
Unit 1
Past and present
能掌握现在完成时的用法和其肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句及肯否定回答的结构;
能掌握动词过去分词的变化规则。
学习目标
1
2
In about 40 years, Shenzhen, a city in southern China, has developed from a fishing village to a top high-tech city.
A pioneer in China's reform and opening up, Shenzhen has attracted workers from across the world.
It has risen to become an important centre for technology industries in the world and is home to many tech giants.
Moreover, the city has won an award from UNESCO for being a role model in encouraging reading among the public.
Since the late 1970s, Shenzhen has developed at an amazing speed and has become a symbol of China's development.
Pay attention to the structure of the sentences.
Lead in
+ done
sb. +
have/has
Present Perfect Tense
现在完成时
新课讲授
Usage
1. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that started in the past and continues to the present.
e.g. She has learned English for 5 years.
He has lived in Beijing since he was born.
2. We use the present perfect tense to talk about an action that happened in the past and has a connection with the present.
e.g. Someone has broken the window. (窗户现在是坏的)
I have already lost the key. (我现在没有钥匙)
3. We also use the present perfect tense to talk about how many times an action has happened till now.
e.g. I have already visited Mr Chen’s neighbourhood several times.
I have been to the Great Wall three times.
现在完成时常和 already、ever、just、never、recently、yet 等副词以及 since、for 引导的时间状语连用。
e.g. He has not returned the book to me yet.
他还没有把那本书还给我。
He has never visited the Great Wall. 他从没去过长城。
Suzhou classical gardens have been famous for a long time.
苏州园林已闻名许久。
注意：already 常用于肯定句，意为“已经”，而 yet 常用于否定句和疑问句，意为“还”。
I have finished my homework ____. Have you finished your homework ____
A. yet, yet
B. yet, already
C. already, yet
D. already, already
Practice：单项选择:
He has just gone home.
She has already had a holiday this year.
It has broken!
I have seen my new English teacher.
They have bought a new car.
You have finished the exercise.
We have seen this film before.
Read the sentences below and try to summarise the sentence structure.
肯定句：主语 + have / has + 动词过去分词 (+ 其他).
I haven’t/have not done my homework yet.
You haven’t/have not answered my question.
We haven’t/have not worked on a farm.
They haven’t/have not seen each other for ages.
He hasn’t/has not been home for five years.
She hasn’t/has not found a new job.
It hasn’t/has not finished yet.
否定句：主语 + have / has + not | haven't / hasn’t + 动词过去分词 (+ 其他).
Read the sentences below and try to summarise the sentence structure.
1. I have seen my new English teacher.
Practice 将下列句子变为否定句。
I have not seen my new English teacher.
2. They have bought a new car.
They have not/haven't bought a new car.
3. She has already had a holiday this year.
She has not/hasn't had a holiday this year yet.
Have I ever done it before
Have you practised the piano recently
Have we done it right
Have they gone home yet
Has he worked here long
Has she already sent the fax
Has it worked properly
Read the sentences below and try to summarise the sentence structure.
一般疑问句：
Have / Has + 主语 + 动词过去分词 (+ 其他)
肯定否定回答：
Yes, 主语 + have / has. No, 主语 + haven't / hasn't.
1. I have seen my new English teacher.
Practice 将下列句子变为一般疑问句。
Have you seen your new English teacher
2. They have bought a new car.
Have they bought a new car
3. She has already had a holiday this year.
Has she had a holiday this year yet
现在完成时的特殊疑问句
What have you done
What has she done
特殊疑问词
have/
has
What have Tom and Jane done
在一般疑问句的结构上句前加上特殊疑问词
主语
过去分词
We form the past particles of regular verbs by adding –ed, just as what we do to form the simple past tense of these verbs.
Most verbs +ed finish—finished
Verbs ending in -e +d change-changed
Verbs ending in a consonant+y -y+ied carry—carried
Short verbs ending in a vowel+ a consonant double the consonant+ed stop—stopped
(1) 大部分动词后面直接加ed。
work—worked—worked
(2) 以e结尾的动词，直接加d。
　 live—lived—lived
(3) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，去掉y，再加ied。
study—studied—studied
(4) 以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ed。
drop—dropped—dropped
规则变化
We form the past participles of irregular verbs differently. Here are some examples.
No change come—come hurt—hurt
Change the vowel hold—held win—won
Change the consonant lend—lent build—built
Change the vowel(s) and the consonant(s) catch—caught keep—kept
forget-forgotten tell—told
others be—been have—had
fall—fallen fly—flown
draw—drawn see—seen
不规则动词的过去分词变化：
有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同，其变化情况大致分类如下：
变化 举例
与原形相同 hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt
在原形后加t或d learn—learnt—learnt hear—heard—heard
原形中的元音字母有变化 get—got—got sit—sat—sat
原形中的辅音字母有变化 make—made—made spill—spilt—spilt
原形中的元音、辅音字母都有变化 feel—felt—felt smell—smelt—smelt
有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式不同，其变化情况大致分类如下：
变化 举例
与原形相同 come—came—come run—ran—run
原形中的元音字母有变化 ring—rang—rung sing—sang—sung
在原形上加en eat—ate—eaten fall—fell—fallen
在原形上加n see—saw—seen give—gave—given
在过去式上加n steal—stole—stolen break—broke—broken
原形、过去式和过去分词词形差异较大 do—did—done go—went—gone
常见时间状语
1. for+一段时间
e.g. She has slept for 10 hours.
2. since+时间点 (自从...)
e.g. I have lived here since 2002.
I have lived here since 10 years ago.
I have lived here since I was born.
3. recently (最近）
e.g. He has eaten many ice creams recently.
4. so far= till now= until now= up to now (迄今为止)
e.g. I haven’t got his letter up to now.
5. before (单独用于句尾)
e.g. I have never heard about this super star before.
6. just vs. just now
just:(现完) She has just gone to Beijing.
just now:(过去) She went home just now.
7. ever & never
ever:(主要用于疑问句) Have you ever been to Beijing
never:(表否定) I have never been to Beijing.
8. already & yet (已经)
already:(肯) He has already left.
yet:(否/疑) I haven’t had breakfast yet.
9. these days
e.g. She has read 5 books these days.
10. in/ during/ over the (past) ten years
e.g. She has grown a lot in the past 2 years.
Sunshine Town (1) ______________ (change) a lot over the years.
The government (2) _____ just ________ (turn) part of the town center into a new park.
Recently, the air in our town (3) ______________ (improve) a lot.
Some people in the countryside (4) ______ already _______ (move) to new buildings.
Last year, the government (5) _______ (build) an art museum. I (6) ______________ (not visit) the museum yet.
Millie is writing about the changes in Sunshine Town. Complete her notes with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
has changed
have
moved
has improved
turned
built
haven’t visited
has
Practice
Millie is writing about her family plete her sentences with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
buy visit find leave go return work
●My father (1)________a job as an engineer in a company after he
finished college. He (2)__________at the company for over 17 years
up to now.
●My mum (3)_____ her hometown at the age of 18, but she often
returns to visit my grandparents. Last week she(4)_________
back to see them and (5)______not________yet.
●My family (6)________a car last year.Since then, we(7)__________
many beautiful places in this car.
found
has worked
left
went
has
returned
bought
have visited
Reporter: Hello Andrew. You (1)___________(live)in Shenzhen for ten years.
Do you like living here
Andrew: Yes, very much. I(2)________(be) to many cities around the world,
but Shenzhen is my favourite. You could say I (3)________(fall) in
love with Shenzhen—it feels like home.
Reporter: In fact, there (4)________(be) lots of changes in the past few years.
(5)_______you_______(notice) any of these while you've been here
Andrew: Well, transport has changed a lot. There (6)________(be) more
underground lines now. I take the underground most days. It's very
easy to get around the city.
Reporter: Yes, it is. Thank you for speaking to me. I (7)________ (enjoy)
hearing your thoughts about our city.
Millie is watching a reporter interviewing a foreigner who has lived in Shenzhen for a few years. Read the interview script and fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.
have lived
have been
have fallen
have been
Have
noticed
are
enjoy
Talk with your partner about the changes in your hometown, using the present perfect tense.
一、单项选择
1. —Have you ______ your homework yet
—Yes, I ______ it an hour ago.
A. finish; finished B. finished; finished C. finished; have finished
2. She ______ in Beijing since 2010.
A. lives B. has lived C. lived
3. —______ you ever ______ to Shanghai —No, never.
A. Have; been B. Did; go C. Do; go
4. —______ he ______ lunch yet —Yes, he ate it ten minutes ago.
A. Has; had B. Did; have C. Does; have
5. They ______ just ______ the classroom.
A. have; clean B. has; cleaned C. have; cleaned
课堂检测
二、改写句子
1. She has already watered the flowers. (改为否定句)
→ She __________ __________ the flowers __________.
2. They have lived here for five years. (对划线部分提问)
→ __________ __________ __________ they lived here
3. I have read this book. (改为一般疑问句并作否定回答)
→ __________ you __________ this book → No, I __________.
hasn’t watered yet
How long have
Have read haven’t
Homework
Review the present perfect tense.
Preview Integration on pages 15-18.

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