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2025-2026 上 高二英语寒假作业 编号： 使用时间: 编写人：赵丽雯 审核：高二英语组 班级： 小组: 姓名; 组内评价：
语法专练之谓语动词 5. I had just lain down when the telephone rang.
【答案】 6. Hardly had they arrived at the airport when they received a warm welcome.
7. It is/has been twenty years since my father joined the Party.
时态 主动 被动 8. It will be hours before we arrive at the destination.
一般现在时 do/does am/is/are done 9. Time and tide waits for no man. It is high time that you should make/ made full use of time to study.
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done 10. Study hard now, or you will feel regretful.
现在完成时 have/has done have/has been done 11. The boy is said to be taking the national exam.
现在完成进行时 have/has been doing 无 The national exam is said to be put off.
一般过去时 did was/were done
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done 易错易混题
过去完成时 had done had been done 1.had been carried 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:上个月我被派到村里去看看在过去的两年里发展计划是
一般将来时 will/shall do will/shall be done 如何被执行的。根据句意及句中时间状语 last month和 in the past two years可知,用过去完成时的被动语态。
将来进行时 will/ shall be doing 无 故填 had been carried。
将来完成时 will have done will have been done 2.had known 考查动词的时态。句意:这个消息对我来说一点都不惊讶。对于这个工厂将要倒闭的消息,我
过去将来时 would do would be done 已经知道一段时间了。根据句意可知,设空处所填动词表示的动作发生在“…was going to shut down.”之前,
情态动词（can） can do can be done 故该句使用过去完成时。
3.was sent 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。as well as连接两个主语时,谓语动词的形式和前面的主语
时态 时间状语 保持一致;equipment 是不可数名词,且动作发生在过去;equipment 与 send之间是被动关系,故用一般过去时
一般现在时 usually/often/, every day, now and then等 的被动语态 was sent。
现在进行时 look, listen, now, these days等 4.had been trapped 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:一个救援人员冒着生命危险挽救了两个被困在山里两天
现在完成时 already/yet; by now, so far, up to/till now, in/over/during the past/last...years, since (自从 ...以 的游客。two tourists和 trap之间是被动关系,该空应用被动语态;由 risked 可知,营救人员救游客是过去的事
来), for+段时间, recently/lately, over the years 情,被困两天发生在营救人员救了他们之前,即“过去的过去”,故该空应用过去完成时。故填 had been trapped。
一般过去时 yesterday, last month, two years ago, once, the other day, in 1996 5.was working 考查动词的时态。句意:在我去年去拜访苏珊的时候,她已经辞去了高薪的工作,正在社区里
过去进行时 at this time yesterday 做志愿者。根据时间状语“…when I visited her last year.”可知,苏珊做志愿者是过去的某个时间段发生的情况,
过去完成时 by /before+ 过去时间 故该空应用过去进行时。故填 was working。
一般将来时 tomorrow, soon, this/next week/month/term/year, tonight, in the future, some day 6. is being repaired 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:这周我的洗衣机在维修,所以我不得不用手洗衣服。根据
将来完成时 by 将来的时间状语 后文“…so I have to wash my clothes by hand.”可知,洗衣机正在维修,故用现在进行时的被动语态。故填 is
being repaired。
特殊句式 7.leaves 考查动词的时态。在表示列车、飞机等的时刻表时,通常用一般现在时。
1. It is the second time that we have visited your firm. 8.wears 考查动词的时态。根据句意可知,这件衬衫的特点是耐穿,故用一般现在时的主动形式表示事物的
2. This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 性质和特征。
3. I was considering my new plan when a good idea occurred to me. 9.is being questioned 考查动词的时态和语态。时间状语是 at the moment,且 the thief和 question之间是被动
4. They were about to leave when it began to rain. 关系,故用现在进行时的被动语态。
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2025-2026 上 高二英语寒假作业 编号： 使用时间: 编写人：赵丽雯 审核：高二英语组 班级： 小组: 姓名; 组内评价：
10.have grown 考查动词的时态。句意:在过去的几年里,中国的高速铁路长度已经从 9000千米增长到 25 4. had made解析：考查动词时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根
000千米。该句时间状语为 in the past few years。中国高速铁路长度的增长是从过去一直延续到现在的情 据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时
况,故该句应用现在完成时。故填 have grown。 态应用过去完成时，谓语用 had made。故填 had made。
11.is 考查动词的时态。这份报告表明,跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。此处叙述的是一 5. are achieved解析：考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，
个事实,用一般现在时。故填 is。 可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在
12.started 考查动词的时态。在 2005年政府启动了一个土壤测试项目。本句是 when引导的定语从句,由 时；主语 better outcomes和动词 achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语 better
于时间是 2005年,应使用一般过去时。故填 started。 outcomes是复数，be动词应用 are。故填 are achieved。
13.has grown 考查动词的时态。句中时间状语为 since加时间点,主句通常要用现在完成时。句意:2011年 6. were used 解析：考查动词时态和语态。句意：钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了，最近又重新流行起来，
以来,中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填 has grown。 因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语 long ago可知，应用一般过去时，主语 Fountain pens
14.are being added 考查动词的时态和语态。因为时间状语是 nowadays,而且 functions与 add之间是逻辑 和动词 use之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填 were used。
上的动宾关系,故用现在进行时的被动语态。 7. is解析：考查时态和主谓一致。由 but后的并列分句可知，本句描述的是现在的情况，且主语 The concept
15.have been made 考查动词的时态和语态。句意:在过去的几十年里,(我们)为保护环境做出了各种努力。 为单数，故填 is。
根据 in the past decades可知,句子应使用现在完成时;efforts是句子的主语,为复数形式,和谓语动词make之 8. walks考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影
间是被动关系,所以此处要用现在完成时的被动语态。故填 have been made。 响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态
16.was meeting 考查动词的时态。“我爸爸昨天下午没有参加我的毕业典礼,真是太遗憾了。”“那时他正在 为一般现在时，主语 the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填 walks。
会晤欧洲的商业合作伙伴。”表示过去某一时间点(段)正在做的事情用过去进行时,故填 was meeting。 9. noticed解析：考查时态。句意：当他触摸到莱昂纳多 达 芬奇的 3D版《蒙娜丽莎》时，他立刻注意到
17.had become 考查动词的时态。句意:到大约公元前 100年为止,丝绸已经成为丝绸之路上交易的主要商 了她的微笑。根据“he felt”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填 noticed。
品之一。句中时间状语是“by+过去的时间”,故用过去完成时。
18.have been teaching 考查动词的时态。句意:多年来,我一直教给孩子们一种简单但是强有力的概念——
蚂蚁哲学。结合前面的时间状语 over the years可知,此处表示作者一直从事着的工作,并且有可能继续下去,
故句子使用现在完成进行时。
高考真题速递
1. is 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般
事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语 The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，
be动词用 is。故填 is。
2. tries 解析：考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以
表示对对方的尊重。根据 always 可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语 a decent winner为
第三人称单数，所以谓语需用 try“尽力”的第三人称单数 tries。故填 tries。
3. are revealed 解析：考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会
暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语 The players’ personalities与动词 reveal“揭
示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用 are。故填 are revealed。
22025-2026 上 高二英语寒假作业 编号： 13 使用时间: 编写人：赵丽雯 审核：高二英语组 班级： 小组: 姓名; 组内评价：
语法专练之谓语动词 一般将来时
将来完成时
三、特殊句式
一、谓语动词主被动基本形式
时态 主动 被动 1. It/This/That is the first/second/.../last time (that) sb. has/have done sth. 某人第几次做某事……
___________________________________________________________________我们是第二次参观你们公司。
一般现在时
说明：如果主句是 It was … 从句时态换成过去完成时（had done/had been done）。
现在进行时
2. It/This/That is (one of )the 形容词最高级 n. that sb has/have ever done.
现在完成时 _________________________________________________________________这是我读过的最有趣的书之一。
现在完成进行时 3. Sb. was/were doing sth. when sb did sth…. 某人正在干某事这时……
一般过去时 __________________________________________________________________________________________
我正在考虑我的新计划，这时我想到一个好主意。
过去进行时
4.Sb. was/were (just) about to do sth. when sb did sth….某人正要干某事这时……
过去完成时
________________________________________________________________他们正要出发，这时下起雨来了。
一般将来时 说明：此句型也可以表达为 Sb. was/were on the point of doing sth. when sb did sth….
将来进行时 5. Sb. had just done when sb did sth…. 某人刚干完某事这时……
____________________________________________________________________我刚躺下，这时电话铃响了。
将来完成时
6. Hardly/ Scarcely had sb. done…when sb. did… 一...就...
过去将来时
__________________________________________________________________________________________
情态动词（can） 他们一达到机场就受到了热烈的欢迎。hardly…when…可换用 no sooner…than…。
二、时间状语 7. It is/has been 一段时间 since sb. did… 某人干完某事已多长时间……
时态 时间状语 ___________________________________________________________________自从我爸爸入党已经 20年了。
8. It will be +一段时间 before sb. do/does… 再过多长时间就做某事……
一般现在时
_______________________________________________________________我们到达目的地还需要几个小时。
现在进行时
说明：此句型中可以换用 it was … before sb. did … （过了多长时间才...）。
现在完成时 9. It is (high) time (that) sb did sth/should do sth. 是某人该做某事的时候了。
一般过去时 ___________________________________________________________________________________________
过去进行时 时不我待，你该充分利用时间去学习
10. 祈使句/短语, and/or +主语+will do sth
过去完成时
________________________________________________________________现在努力学习，否则你会后悔。
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2025-2026 上 高二英语寒假作业 编号： 13 使用时间: 编写人：赵丽雯 审核：高二英语组 班级： 小组: 姓名; 组内评价：
11. It is said/reported/believed/considered/hoped/thought/admitted that 主语从句... 据说/据报道, 人们/ (grow) more corn than rice.
有人相信/认为...可以转换为：sb/sth be said to do sth 某人/某事据说要做某事；sb/sth be said to be doing 14. Nowadays, cellphones have features such as games, music and calendars and more new
sth 某人/某事据说正在做某事；sb/sth be said to have done sth 某人/某事据说已经做了某事 functions____________ (add).
It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. ＝The boy is said to have passed the national exam. 15. Various efforts____________ (make) in the past decades to protect the environment.
It is said that the boy is taking the national exam.＝_________________________________________________ 16. —What a pity that my dad didn’t attend my graduation ceremony yesterday afternoon.
It is said that the national exam will be put off. ＝__________________________________________________ —Oh, he____________ (meet) some business partners from Europe.
四、易混易错题专练 17. Silk____________ (become) one of the primary goods traded along the Silk Road by about 100 BC.
1. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ____________ (carry) out in the 18. Over the years I____________ (teach) kids a simple but powerful concept—the ant philosophy.
past two years. 五、 高考真题速递
2. The news came as no surprise to me. I____________ (know) for some time that the factory was 1. (2025 全国二卷）And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine
going to shut down. scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes____________________(be) one of them.
3. Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers____________ (send) to ten 2. (2025全国一卷）A decent winner always______________________(try) to beat the opponent by no more than
Hope Schools in South China. one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side.
4. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who____________ (trap) in the mountains for two days. 3. (2025 全国一卷）“The players’ personalities______________________(reveal) during the game, and one’s
5. Susan had quit her well-paid job and____________ (work) as a volunteer in the neighbourhood when weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds.
I visited her last year. 4. （ 2025 北 京 卷 ） Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth,
6. My washing machine _______ (repair)this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. you_____________________(make) several decisions even without noticing.
7. According to the schedule, the flight to Beijing _____ (leave) at 10:30 am. We’d better set out right 5. （ 2025 北 京 卷 ） Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better
now, or we’ll be late. outcomes______________________(achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance.
8. The shirt is of high quality and ________ (wear) long. 6. (2024 九省联考卷）Fountain pens ________________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining
9. The thief was caught stealing money from the shop opposite the school and ____ (question) by the popularity lately because they are refillable.
local police at the moment. 7（. 2025浙江 1月卷）The concept_________________(be) certainly not new – men have been renting good suits
10. China’s high-speed railways_____________ (grow) from 9,000 to 25,000 kilometres in the past few for decades – but for female shoppers, it is just taking off.
years. 8.（2024新课标 I卷）Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse_________________(walk) visitors
11. While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it (be) more effective at through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to
lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming. Britain for the first time.
12. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___ (start) a 9.（2022浙江卷）When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ______________ (notice)her
soil-testing programme which gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.
dropped by 7.7 million tons.
13. Diets have changed in China—and so too have its main crops. Since 2011, the country______________
22025-2026 上 高二英语寒假作业 编号： 使用时间: 编写人：赵丽雯 审核：高二英语组 班级： 小组: 姓名; 组内评价：
语法专练之非谓语动词答案 1. To save 【考点定位】不定式作目的状语 【命题意图】考查高考最基础的目的状语考法 【名师解析】
考点一 表“为了节约能源”，目的状语固定用 to do 【解题技巧】看到“为了……”直接填 to do（句首首字母大
1. knowing【考点定位】现在分词作原因状语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 she与 know主动，动作同时发生， 写）
直接用 doing 2. running 【考点定位】现在分词作后置定语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 the boy与 run主动，动作正在进行，
2.To make【考点定位】不定式作目的状语 【名师解析】表“为了实现某一目的”，高考目的状语固定用 to 用 doing
do，无其他形式 3. Told 【考点定位】过去分词作原因状语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 he与 tell被动，动作已完成，用 done
3. Invited 【考点定位】过去分词作原因状语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 he与 invite 被动，动作已完成，直 4. to buy 【考点定位】不定式作宾语 【名师解析】want后固定接 to do，高考送分搭配题
接用 done 5. written 【考点定位】过去分词作后置定语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 the letter与 write 被动，动作已完成，
4. Walking【考点定位】现在分词作伴随状语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 I与 walk主动，动作与主句同时发 用 done
生，用 doing 6. Walking 【考点定位】现在分词作伴随状语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 we与 walk主动，动作同时发生，
5. Having finished考点定位】现在分词完成式作时间状语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 he与 finish主动，动作 用 doing
先于主句发生，用 having done 7. to enter 【考点定位】不定式作宾补 【名师解析】感官动词 see用于被动语态，宾补必须加 to，即 be
6. Seeing【考点定位】现在分词作原因状语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 I与 see主动，动作同时发生，用 doing seen to do（2026基础必考点）
7. Waiting【考点定位】现在分词作伴随状语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 we与 wait主动，动作同时发生，选 8. being discussed 【考点定位】现在分词被动式作定语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 the problem与 discuss被
择题直接秒选 动，动作正在进行，2026基础变式考法
考点二 9. speaking 【考点定位】动名词作宾语 【名师解析】practice后固定接 doing，高考送分题
1. lying【考点定位】现在分词作后置定语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 the book与 lie 主动，动作正在进行， 10. Not knowing 【考点定位】现在分词否定式作原因状语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 I与 know 主动，否定
用 doing 式直接在 doing前加 not，2026必考基础变式
2. built【考点定位】过去分词作后置定语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 the bridge 与 build被动，动作已完成， 11. planted 【考点定位】过去分词作后置定语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 the flowers与 plant被动，动作已完
用 done 成，用 done
3. to do【考点定位】不定式作后置定语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 work与 do主动，动作表将来未发生，用 12. Listening 【考点定位】动名词作主语 【名师解析】作句子主语表抽象动作，用 doing，句首首字母大
to do 写
4. wearing【考点定位】现在分词作后置定语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 the girl与 wear主动，动作正在进行， pared 【考点定位】过去分词作状语 【名师解析】固定搭配 compared with/to，高考高频考法，直
用 doing 接填 done（无需判断逻辑主语）
5. to be held【考点定位】不定式被动式作后置定语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 the meeting与 hold被动，动作 14. singing 【考点定位】现在分词作宾补 【名师解析】感官动词 hear后，表动作正在进行，用 doing
表将来，用 to be done 15. Given 【考点定位】过去分词作条件状语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 I与 give 被动，动作表假设，用 done
考点三 16. to master 【考点定位】不定式作真正主语 【名师解析】It's+adj.+to do是高考固定句式，直接填 to do
1. playing【考点定位】现在分词作宾补 【名师解析】感官动词 see后，表动作正在进行，用 doing 17. Realizing 【考点定位】现在分词作原因状语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 he与 realize 主动，动作同时发生，
2. reading【考点定位】动名词作宾语 【名师解析】enjoy后固定接 doing，高考送分题 用 doing
3. to go【考点定位】不定式作宾语 【名师解析】decide后固定接 to do，高考送分题 18. booked 【考点定位】过去分词作后置定语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 the tickets与 book被动，动作已完
4. to learn【考点定位】不定式作真正主语 【名师解析】It作形式主语，真正主语固定用 to do，高考固定 成，用 done
句式 19. to lock 【考点定位】不定式作宾语 【名师解析】forget to do表“忘记要做某事”，2026唯一易错题点
第一阶 名师解析+答案 （区分 forget doing“忘记做过某事”）
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2025-2026 上 高二英语寒假作业 编号： 使用时间: 编写人：赵丽雯 审核：高二英语组 班级： 小组: 姓名; 组内评价：
20. talking 【考点定位】动名词作宾语 【名师解析】avoid后固定接 doing，高考送分题 史，同时恢复其功能。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作目的状语，表示“为了/来……”，应用 preserve“保
21. to be solved 【考点定位】不定式被动式作后置定语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 the problem与 solve 被动， 护”的不定式形式。故填 to preserve。
动作表将来，2026长难句高频考法 9. followed考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，他们把冰淇淋放在菜单的顶端，后面跟着大约 35种盈利产品。
22. Seen 【考点定位】过去分词作状语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 the whole city与 see被动，动作已完成， 主句谓语为 put，此处需用非谓语动词作伴随状语，items与 follow之间为被动关系，故用过去分词 followed。
用 done 10. noting考查非谓语动词。句意：於水导演对此次海外放映表示了极大的兴奋之情，他指出电影是一种通
23. to finish 【考点定位】不定式作宾补 【名师解析】使役动词 make 用于被动语态，宾补必须加 to， 用的语言。此处 note与 Director Yu Shui构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。故填 noting。
2026易错题压轴点 11. called考查非谓语动词。句意：Labubu也不是一个独立的角色，她是一个更大的群体的一部分，这个群
24. Having learned 【考点定位】现在分词完成式作原因状语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 she与 learn主动， 体被称为“The Monsters”，由香港艺术家和作者 Kasing lung创作。句中 is为谓语动词，此处应该用非谓语
动作先于主句发生且持续一段时间，用 having done 动词作后置定语，修饰名词 group，且 group与 call之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词 called。
25. put 【考点定位】过去分词作后置定语 【名师解析】逻辑主语 the suggestion与 put被动，动作已完 12. recognized考查非谓语动词。句意：这一创新使其本身被公认为环境保护创新的典范。此处为 make+宾
成，用 done；put forward为固定搭配，不影响非谓语判断（高考高频考法） 语+宾补结构，主语 itself和 recognize之间为被动关系，需用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。故填 recognized。
第二阶 13. lining考查非谓语动词。句意：从那以后，需求激增，粉丝们通宵排队，支付的价格远高于零售价。根
1. to exchange 考查非谓语动词。句意：随着活动的结束，许多观众留下来交流各自的感受，这充分展示 据句子结构可知，此处构成 with+宾语+doing的结构，fans与 line 之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词 lining
了电影所具有的将不同文化紧密联系在一起的独特力量。此处 exchange作目的状语，用不定式。故填 to 作宾补。故填 lining。
exchange。 14. referred考查非谓语动词。句意：网络犯罪，常被称为互联网的阴暗面，有多种不同形式。此处为非谓
2. creating考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的创新正在引起全球关注，像 mBridge 这样的项目正在测试数字 语动词，Cybercrime与 refer为被动关系，“referred to as”短语，意为“被称为”，所以此处用过去分词 referred
人民币在国际贸易中的使用，mBridge 是一个涉及中国大陆、香港特别行政区、泰国和阿拉伯联合酋长国 作后置定语。故填 referred。
的跨境支付项目，其目的是简化交易，减少对像 SWIFT 这样的系统的依赖，SWIFT 是美国主导的全球 15. preventing考查非谓语动词。句意：网络罪犯诱骗你交出钱财，用病毒感染你的电脑以窃取个人数据，
银行网络。此处是非谓语，China's innovations与 create是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填 creating。 或者阻止你访问自己的数据。此处与“parting”以及“infecting”并列，作介词 into的宾语，用 prevent的动名
3. grown考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然自己亲手种的粮食足以果腹，但刘说他仍时常感到一种 “饥饿感”， 词形式 preventing。故填 preventing。
一种 “只有读书才能填补的饥饿感”。空格处修饰名词“the food”，“food”与“grow”之间是被动关系（粮食
被种植），需用过去分词作后置定语。故填 grown。
4. kept考查非谓语动词。句意：这件在河南博物馆保存了 50多年的杰作，终于回到了最初出土的地方。
“(keep) in the Henan Museum for over 50 years”作定语，keep(保存)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语“This
masterpiece”之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动。故填 kept。
5. relying考查非谓语动词。句意：但随着时间的推移，她花在野外的时间越来越少，而是依靠学生和同
事。本空作状语，rely“依靠”与主语 she是主动关系，用现在分词形式。故填 relying。
6.to extend考查非谓语动词。句意：我们想尽最大努力延长这一文化遗产的寿命。空处在句中作目的状语，
应用动词不定式。故填 to extend。
7. exploring考查非谓语动词。句意：项目团队还开发了一个互动网站，游客可以在上面进行虚拟游览，
从世界任何地方探索洞窟。此处为非谓语动词，visitors与 explore 为主动关系，用现在分词 exploring作
状语。
8. to preserve 考查非谓语动词。句意：它没有被改造成永久性商业空间，而是通过举办短期展览来保护历
22025-2026 上 高二英语寒假作业 编号： 14 使用时间: 编写人：赵丽雯 审核：高二英语组 班级： 小组: 姓名; 组内评价：
语法专练之非谓语动词 四、高考真题溯源
一、高考命题考情速览 考点 1：作状语（最高频，7 道）
1.核心考查题型：语法填空（动词提示词变非谓语）；语篇选择题（融合长难句，仅考成分判断） 1.(2025新高考 I卷) ________________(know) the truth, she felt very sad.
2.考查形式占比：doing45%→ done 35%→ to do 20% 2.(2025全国甲卷) ________________(make) our country stronger, we must study hard.
3.高频句法功能：作状语（50%+，高考第一考点）→ 作定语（30%+）→ 作宾补（10%）→ 主/宾语（5%） 3.(2024新高考 II卷) ________________(invite) to the party, he was very excited.
二、核心解题万能三步法： 4.(2024全国乙卷) ________________(walk) along the street, I met an old classmate.
1.找逻辑主语（核心丢分点）：作状语→主句主语；作定语→被修饰名词；作宾补→句中宾语； 5.(2023新高考 I卷) ________________(finish) his homework, he went out to play.
2.判主被动关系：逻辑主语发出非谓语动作→主动；逻辑主语承受非谓语动作→被动 6.(2022浙江卷) ________________(see) the picture, I thought of my childhood.
3.断动作时间先后：非谓语动作与主句动作同时/前后发生→用一般式（doing）；非谓语动作先于主句动 7.(2021全国甲卷) ________________ (wait)for the bus, we talked about our future plans.
作发生→用完成式（having done/ having been done）；非谓语动作未发生表目的或将来→不定式（to do） 考点 2：作定语（核心，5 道）
三、必考考点 1.(2025浙江卷) The book ______________(lie) on the desk is mine.
（一）三大非谓语形式核心属性 2.(2024浙江卷) The bridge ________________(build) last year is very long.
形式 主被动属性 时间属性 3.(2023全国乙卷) I have a lot of work ________________(do) today.
doing 主动 同时/正在进行 4.(2022新高考 II卷) The girl ________________(wear) a red dress is my sister.
done 被动 完成/已发生 5.(2021新高考 I卷) The meeting ________________(hold) tomorrow is very important.
to do 主动 将来/目的/未发生 考点 3：作宾补/主/宾语（送分，4 道）
1.(2025全国乙卷) I saw him ________________(play) basketball on the playground.
（二）四大句法功能（按高考频次排序，标★为必拿分） 2.(2024新高考 I卷) He enjoys ________________(read) in his free time.
★★★★★作状语（第一考向）：表目的→to do | 主动同时→doing | 被动完成→done | 主动先发生→having 3.(2023全国甲卷) She decided ________________(go) to Beijing for further study.
done | 主动否定→not doing 4.(2022全国甲卷) It is important ________________(learn) English well.
★★★★作定语（核心考向）：主动进行→doing | 被动完成→done | 将来未发生→to do | 将来未发生被 五、语法填空实战训练
动→to be done | 被动进行→being done 第一阶：基础保分型（25 道）—— 高考基础考法·稳拿基础分
★★★作宾补（纯送分）：仅考感官/使役动词后→全程动作 do/主动正在进行 doing/被动完成 done；被动 1. ________________(save) energy, we should turn off the lights when leaving the room.
句中宾补必须加 to（see/hear/make等被动式后接 to do） 2. The boy________________(run) on the playground is my senior high school deskmate.
★★主/宾语（纯送分）：固定搭配 3. ________________(tell) many times, he still made the same grammar mistake.
（三）高考必考固定搭配 4. My sister wants________________(buy) a new English dictionary for her study.
1.只接 doing作宾语：enjoy/ finish/ mind/ practice/ avoid/ consider/ suggest/ keep/ miss/ allow 5. The letter________________(write) by my father has been on the desk for three days.
2.只接 to do作宾语：want/ hope/ wish/ decide/ plan/ afford/ offer/ learn/ agree/ refuse 6. ________________(walk) in the school park, we met our head teacher by accident.
3.接 to do/doing意义不同：forget/ stop/ try/ remember 7. The little boy was seen ________________(enter) the building with his mother.
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2025-2026 上 高二英语寒假作业 编号： 14 使用时间: 编写人：赵丽雯 审核：高二英语组 班级： 小组: 姓名; 组内评价：
8. The problem________________(discuss) now by the teachers is very difficult. 5．But as the years passed, she spent less time in the field, instead ______ (rely) on students and
9. She practices________________(speak) English for half an hour every morning. colleagues.
10. ________________(not know) his telephone number, I couldn't get in touch with him. 6. We want to do our best ______ (extend) the life of this cultural heritage,” said Mu.
11. The flowers________________(plant) by the students last spring are all in bloom now. 7. The project team has also developed an interactive website where visitors can take virtual tours, ________
12. ________________(listen) to soft music can make us feel relaxed after study. (explore) the caves from anywhere in the world.
13. ________________(compare) with the past, our life has changed a lot. 8. Rather than being changed into permanent commercial space, it now hosts short-term exhibitions _________
14. I heard her________________(sing) an English song in the music room just now. (preserve) its history while restoring its function.
15. ________________(give) a chance, I will try my best to finish the work well. 9. Instead, they put the ice cream on top of the menu, _____ (follow) by about 35 items that make
16. It's necessary________________(master) a foreign language in modern society. money.
17. ________________(realize) his mistake, he apologized to us immediately. 10. Director Yu Shui expressed his excitement about the overseas screening, _________ (note) that
18. The tickets________________(book) online can be picked up at the station. film serves as a universal language.
19. She forgot________________(lock) the door when she left home this morning. 11. Labubu also isn’t a standalone character—she’s part of a larger group ______________ (call) “The
20. We all avoid________________(talk) about this sensitive topic in public. Monsters”, created by Hong Kong artist and author Kasing Lung.
21. The problem________________(solve) at the meeting tomorrow is about students' study pressure. 12. This innovation makes itself ____ (recognize) as a model of innovation in environmental
22. ________________(see) from the top of the building, the whole city looks very beautiful. conservation.
23. He was made ________________(finish) his homework before watching TV. 13. Since then, demand has exploded with fans __________ (line) up overnight and paying well over
24. ________________(learn) English for ten years, she can speak it fluently. retail.
25. The suggestion ________________(put) forward by the students was accepted by the teacher. 14. The Internet has completely changed how we communicate with each other, exchange information and
第二阶：能力拓展 conduct business. Cybercrime (网络犯罪), often ___________ (refer) to as the dark side of the Internet,
1. As the event concluded, many audience members stayed _______ (exchange) their impressions, can come in many different forms.
demonstrating cinema’s unique power to bring cultures closer together. 15. Cybercriminals trick you into parting with your money, infecting your computer with a virus to steal your
2. China's innovations are drawing global attention, ______________ (create) projects like mBridge, a personal data, or ________ (prevent) you from accessing your own data.
cross-border payment project involving the Chinese mainland, Hong Kong Special Administrative region, 六、考前 5 分钟秒杀速记口诀
Thailand and the United Arab Emirates, are testing the e-CNY for international trade, whose aim is to simplify 1.非谓语解题三步法：找逻辑、判主被、断先后
transactions and lessen reliance on systems like SWIFT, the U.S-dominated global banking network. 2.作状语看主句：目的 to do，主动 doing，被动 done，完成 having done
3. Though the food ______ (grow) by his own hands can well fill his stomach, Liu said he still 3.作定语看名词：主动 doing，被动 done，将来 to do，进行 being done
always feels a sense of “hunger,” one that “only reading can fill.” 4.作宾补看动词：感官使役随形变，被动一定要加 to
4．This masterpiece, once ______ (keep) in the Henan Museum for over 50 years, has finally returned 5.主宾位置看搭配，doing/to do记死，送分绝对不丢分
to where it was first unearthed. 6.否定式，前加 not，完成式，先 having，被动进行 being done
22025-2026 上 高二英语寒假作业 编号： 15 使用时间: 编写人：赵丽雯 审核：高二英语组 班级： 小组: 姓名; 组内评价：
缺成分：缺主语/宾语/表语 →what/which/who(m)等
语法专练之名词性从句
不缺成分：陈述事实→ that
一、名词性从句的连接词 是否→whether/if (在介词后或后有 or not时，通常只用 whether)
考点 2：语序问题：宾语从句必须用陈述语序 (主语在前，谓语在后)。
考点 3：时态呼应：若主句是过去时，宾语从句通常用相应的过去范畴时态 (客观真理、谚语等除外)。
考点 4：介词后的宾语从句：引导词有限制：可用：what, whether, 疑问词；
不用： that (极少数固定搭配除外，如 in that “因为”，except that “除了”)
1. (2024全国高考甲卷) On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along
the Firehole River in ______________ is now northwestern Wyoming.
2.（2022新高考 II卷）He saved my son’s life," said Mrs. Brown. "I don't know __________ to thank him.”
3.（2022浙江 1月卷）Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak
__________ she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed.
主语从句考点：在句中作主语，位置可在句首，也可用 it作形式主语后置。
考点 1：引导词的选择：解题关键在于分析从句中缺什么成分或表达什么逻辑。
缺成分：缺主语/宾语 →what (…的事情/东西)→ who/whom (谁)
缺时间 →when；缺地点 → where；缺原因 → why
二、高考考点
不缺成分 (完整句子)：陈述事实 → that (只起连接作用，无实义)
表语从句：位于系动词 (be, seem, remain, look等)之后，对主语进行补充说明。 是否 (表“是否”含义)→ whether (if不能引导主语从句放句首！)
考点 1：引导词的选择 (核心)：解题关键同样是分析从句是否完整。 考点 2：it作形式主语：当主语从句较长时，常用 “It +谓语/系表 + that/whether从句”结构。
从句缺成分：缺主语/宾语/表语 → 用 what, who, which, whom等。 It is + adj. + that从句：It is important that we should work hard.
缺时间、地点、原因、方式状语 → 用 when, where, why, how。 It is + n. + that从句：It is a fact that he lied.
从句成分完整：陈述一个事实→ 用 that (不可省略)。 It + 动词 + that从句：It seems/happened that he was late.
表示“是否” → 用 whether (不能用 if)。 It is + done + that从句: It is said that the boy has passed the national exam.
考点 2：固定句型 考点 3：主谓一致：谓语动词用单数 (主语从句视为一个整体)。
1. The reason (why) ... is/was that ... (解释原因，用 that) （2021新高考 I卷）Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding
eg. The reason why he failed was that he was too careless. Road”. __________ is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
2. It/This/That is because ... (强调原因，用 because)
同位语从句：用来解释、说明前面的抽象名词，使其内容具体化。
3. It/This/That is why ... (强调结果，用 why)
考点 1：核心标志：抽象名词+从句。这是识别同位语从句的关键。常见的抽象名词有：
1.（2025年北京卷）The truth, though, is ________ could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me,
想法类：fact, idea, belief, thought, doubt, hope信息类：news, message, information, word (消息)
Nick, and the quiet forest.
建议/命令类：suggestion, advice, order, demand, request, requirement
2（. 2024高考浙江 1月卷）If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities, that’s ________ they’ll
承诺/可能类：promise, possibility, truth, evidence, conclusion
promote. But that leaves the solo (单独) customers out of pocket and disappointed.
考点 2：引导词的唯一性：that
3（. 2023新高考 II卷）They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This
在绝大多数情况下，同位语从句的引导词只用 that。that在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，且不可
is_____________they need an English trainer.
省略。
宾语从句：在句中作动词或介词的宾语。 与定语从句的区别 ：同位语从句：that不充当成分，从句内容=抽象名词的内容。
考点 1：引导词的选择 (与主语从句类似) 定语从句：that充当成分 (主语或宾语)，是对抽象名词的修饰。
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2025-2026 上 高二英语寒假作业 编号： 15 使用时间: 编写人：赵丽雯 审核：高二英语组 班级： 小组: 姓名; 组内评价：
考点 3：特殊引导词：whether当抽象名词表示“疑问”时，同位语从句可用 whether引导。 20．Tens of thousands of people marched to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial, celebrating the 50th anniversary
1.(2019·江苏卷)Scientists have obtained more evidence _______ plastic is finding its way into the human body. of King’s famous speech, through which we know _______ he said meant to the black.
2.(2019·新课标 I卷)While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ______________ they range all the way 21．New plans for the college entrance examination in Zhejiang are _______ students have to be tested on
across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. Chinese, math, English and another three subjects as they prefer.
22．We know from the survey on cigarettes ________ warning messages on product containers and in ads
三、专题练习
can affect consumption of potentially dangerous products.
1．He is no longer the person that he was three years ago. And she isn’t she used to be. What a
23．Exactly the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but many people believe it was
change!
probably around 1565.
2．What makes me surprised is ____ he has mastered so many traditional crafts at a young age.
3 In the opening four sentences, Du described ______ the cycles of nature happen — the leaves come 24．Having a positive attitude and making full use of the benefits that the new sort of competition brings to us are．
back to the trees, the flowers bloom, and the grass grows tall. ________________really counts.
25．Do not let any failures discourage you forever in your daily life, for you can never tell close
4．The most important thing is __ we should pass down the traditional skills to the younger generation.
you may be to victory.
5．What we need to confirm is _____ the artisan still lives in this small village.
26．It is confirmed ______ this is the right approach to the command of grammar.
6．That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highway is ____ many office workers
27．He was suffering from a rare and serious illness and that is _____ he failed to appear at the party
spend their weekends.
that you threw last month.
7．Cindy shut the door heavily and burst into tears. No one in the office knew ____ she was so angry.
28．The fact is _____ traditional craftsmanship is facing the risk of disappearing.
8．The 5G cell phone must be of great use and convenience to _____ wants to get the information
through the Internet quickly. 29．The Oscars have been around for so long that they serve as an indicator of ___ the Hollywood
9．Contrary to __ many people might assume, evidence shows that sharks seldom attack munity values now and in the past.
30．It doesn’t matter how many times you fail; __ matters is how many times you stand up and try again.
10．I never believed in lucky coins. But one day as I was mowing the lawn (修剪草坪), I noticed a shiny object
some five yards away. I stopped the machine to go and see ____ had caught my eye. 31．Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t make out _____ he was saying.
32．It reminds her _______ children don't enter life afraid to take risks or unwilling to try again when they
11．The retired engineer is showing _____ the wheelchair climbs stairs, which all the curious visitors
fall down.
want to know.
12 The problem is ____ sometimes when we are given something on a constant basis, we start to take 33．You have made great progress in English. This is ___ you have improved your studying methods.．
34．Although a number of tombs have survived with little damage, the truth is ____ all have suffered at
it for granted and forget to be thankful for what we already have.
least some harm from centuries of rain, war, fire and theft.
13．He hurried home, never once looking back to see ____ he was being followed.
35．Some children want to challenge themselves by learning a language different from their
14．Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was ___ it was rather
parents speak at home.
closely modeled on his own life.
36．Material can be taken from the DNA of a plant or an animal in order to remove _ are not desired.
15．Sometimes I just can't figure out ____ it is that has made those extraordinary intelligent people
make such silly mistakes. 37．A comedian might tell different jokes depending on ___ the audience reacted to his or her previous
jokes.
16．The debate is ____ we should devote our whole life to one career or try different things.
38． _ you can satisfy the needs of potential clients most effectively should be the focus of your business.
17．It is reported that a huge percentage of bird species are in danger. It's ___ their habitats or
homelands are disappearing. 39．The organizers hold the belief every participant contributes to the success of the festival.
40．When I saw the various supplies we had collected, it hit me ___ every kit we were to build that day
18．And it evaluates _____ well you combine your listening, reading, speaking and writing skills to
would eventually be in the hands of an Iraqi child.
perform academic tasks.
19．Not knowing what to do, the old lady rang up her son and asked for his help with ____ she described
as a bit of bother.
22025-2026 上 高二英语寒假作业 编号： 15 使用时间: 编写人：赵丽雯 审核：高二英语组 班级： 小组: 姓名; 组内评价：
花儿绽放，草长得很高。the leaves come back to the trees, the flowers bloom, and the grass grows tall.是自然循
语法专练之名词性从句答案
环的过程，宾语从句缺少方式状语，表示“如何，怎样”，故填 how。
表语从句 4. that考查表语从句引导词。句意：最重要的事情是我们应该把传统技艺传承给年轻一代。分析句子结构
1 what考查表语从句引导词。句意：不过，真相正如所料 —— 这里从来没有其他人。“is”后接表语从句， 可知，空格后是完整的陈述句，作系动词 is的表语，构成表语从句；从句成分完整、语义明确，需用 that
从句中缺少主语，指物，用 what引导，what在从句中作主语，意为“…… 的事情”。故填 what。 引导，且 that不可省略。故填 that。
2. what【解析】考查名词性从句。句意：如果他们的大多数客户都乐意大量购买，那他们就会推广。在 5. if/whether考查表语从句。句意：我们需要确认的是，这位工匠是否仍然居住在这个小村庄里。空格处引
表语从句中缺少宾语，且是指事物，所以应用连接代词 what。故填 what。 导表语从句，表达“是否”的含义，可用 if或 whether，故填 if/whether。
3. why。解析：考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导 6. where考查表语从句。句意：那条由高速公路连接市中心的历史悠久的村庄是许多上班族周末的去处。
表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他 分析句子可知，空处应填引导表语从句的引导词，从句中缺少状语，表示“许多上班族周末的地点”，应用
们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用 why引导表语从句。故填 why。 关系词 where。故填 where。
宾语从句 7. why考查宾语从句的连接词。句意：Cindy重重地关上门，放声大哭起来。办公室里没有人知道她为什
1. what【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：1870年 9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火 么那么生气。根据句意可知此处指没有人知道她为什么生气，应该用 why引导宾语从句，故填 why。
洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词 in 的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语 8. whoever考查宾语从句。句意：对于那些想要快速通过互联网获取信息的人来说，5G手机一定是非常有
用 what引导宾语从句，作介词 in的宾语，故填 what。 用和方便的。此处为连接词引导的宾语从句作介词 to的宾语，从句中缺少主语，指的是人，且此处表示“任
2.how【解析】考查特殊疑问词。句意：我不知道如何去感谢他。根据句子结构，设空处填写的是特殊疑 何想要快速通过互联网获取信息的人”应为 whoever符合语境。故填 whoever。
问词+to do不定式结构作宾语。根据句意，how意为“如何”，符合句意。故填 how。 9. what考查宾语从句。句意：与许多人的假设相反，有证据表明鲨鱼很少攻击人类。根据句意和句子结构，
3.whether或 if【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：对于她的出席，Cobb开始询问邀请她的组织者是否可以远 可知本句为宾语从句，_____ many people might assume 作介词 to的宾语，从句中谓语动词 assume（假设）
程进行。显然 ask后面出现了一个宾语从句，宾语从句句意不完整，whether/if“是否”符合语境，故填 whether 后面缺少宾语，且代表事物，故用 what引导。故填 what。
或 if。 10. what考查宾语从句。句意：我从不相信幸运硬币。但是，一天当我正在修剪草坪时，我注意到五码开
主语从句 外有一个闪闪发光的东西。我把机器停下去看看是什么。动词 see后跟宾语从句，宾语从句缺少主语，作
What考查名词性从句。该句的“ 56 is so breathtaking about the experience”是主语从句，从句中缺少主 者是在草坪上看到的东西，所以宾语从句主语用 what，故填 what。
语，所以用What。 11. how考查宾语从句。句意：这位退休的工程师正在展示轮椅如何爬楼梯，这是所有有好奇心的游客想知
同位语从句 道的。分析句子结构，设空处位于动词 is showing之后，引导宾语从句，从句缺少方式状语，需用连接副
1. that【解析】考查同位语从句。句意：科学家已经获得更多证据，塑料正在进入人们的体内。从句不缺 词 how引导，意为“怎么，如何”。故填 how。
句子成分，且与 evidence指代的是同一事件，用 that引导同位语从句。故选 B。 12. that考查表语从句。句意：问题是，有时候当我们不断地被给予某些东西时，我们就认为这是理所当然
2. that【解析】考查同位语从句。根据句子结构分析可知，主句为 there be句型，且结构完整，空格后为 的，从而忘记了要对我们已经拥有的东西应该心存感恩。分析句子结构，is为系动词，设空处引导表语从
同位语从句，解释说明中心词 evidence的内容，故填 that。 句，从句中成分完整，需用 that来引导，that在从句中只起连接作用，不作任何成分。故填 that。
专题练习 13. if/whether考查宾语从句。句意：他匆匆赶回家，一次也没有回头看看是否有人跟踪他。空处引导宾语
1. what考查表语从句。句意：他不再是三年的那个他了。她也不是曾经的样子。变化太大了。分析句子 从句，从句不缺成分，引导词表示“是否”，应用连接词 if/whether引导。故填 if/whether。
结构可知，空处应填引导表语从句的连接词，从句缺少表语，且指代事物，应用连接代词 what。故填 what。 14. that考查表语从句。句意：查尔斯·狄更斯喜爱自己的小说《大卫·科波菲尔》的部分原因是，这部小说
2. that考查表语从句引导词。句意：令我惊讶的是，他在如此年轻的时候就掌握了这么多传统手艺。系动 相当接近于他自己的生活。________ it was rather closely modeled on his own life 是一个表语从句，引导词在
词“is”之后是一个完整的陈述句“he has mastered so many traditional crafts at a young age”，它用作表语，构 从句中不作任何成分，也没有什么实际意义，所以填 that。故填 that。
成表语从句，且该从句句意和结构完整，只需一个起连接作用的引导词 that。故填 that。 15. what考查宾语从句。句意：有时我真的不明白究竟是什么让那些非常聪明的人犯了如此愚蠢的错误。
3. how考查宾语从句。句意：在开头的四句话中，杜描述了自然的循环是如何发生的——树叶回到树上，
1
2025-2026 上 高二英语寒假作业 编号： 15 使用时间: 编写人：赵丽雯 审核：高二英语组 班级： 小组: 姓名; 组内评价：
it is that是一个强调句，可以去掉，去掉之后其实是谓语 figure out之后的宾语从句，从句缺少主语，且意 28. that考查表语从句。句意：事实是：传统工艺正面临着消失的危险。空格处引导表语从句，从句句意完
为“什么”，应用连接代词 what引导，故填 what。 整、成分齐全，用 that引导(that不可省略)，故填 that。
16. whether考查表语从句。句意：这场辩论是我们是否应该将一生奉献给一个职业，还是尝试不同的事 29. what考查宾语从句。句意：奥斯卡已经存在了很长一段时间，它已经成为了好莱坞现在和过去价值观
情。本空引导表语从句，意为“是否”，用 whether引导。故填 whether。 的一个标志。引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，意为“什么”，故填 what。
17. because考查表语从句。句意：据报道大部分鸟类正面临危险。这是因为它们的栖息地或家园正在消失。 30. what考查主语从句。句意：失败多少次都不重要;重要的是你站起来再试多少次。此处为连接词引导的
空格处引导表语从句，根据前后两句的关系，空格处表示因果关系，故使用 because引导，故填 because。 主语从句，从句中缺少主语，结合句意，此处指的是事情，所以使用连接代词 what。故填 what。
18. how考查宾语从句。句意：并且它很好地评估了你如何结合听、读、说、写技能来完成学术任务。空 31. what考查宾语从句。句意：凯特听到后面有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。分析结构可知，
处引导宾语从句，且结合语意，此处表示如何结合听、读、说、写技能来完成学术任务，空处应填连词 out为介词，设空处引导宾语从句，从句缺少宾语，需用连接代词 what引导。故填 what。
how，表示“如何”。故填 how。 32. that考查宾语从句连接词。句意：孩子在跌倒时害怕冒险或不愿再尝试，就不会进入生活,这点提醒了
19. what考查宾语从句连接词。句意：老太太不知道该怎么办，于是打电话给她儿子，请他帮忙解决她所 她。remind sb. that提醒某人……，that之后为宾语从句，从句句意完整，成分齐全，that引导宾语从从句，
说的一点小麻烦。with 后接宾语从句，从句中 describe缺少宾语，指物，所以用 what来充当宾语。故填 无词义，仅起引导作用。故填 that。
what。 33. because考查连词。句意：你的英语进步很大。这是因为你改进了你的学习方法。分析句子可知，空处
20. what考查主语从句。句意：成千上万的人游行到马丁·路德·金纪念堂，庆祝马丁·路德·金发表这篇著 引导表语从句，This指代前文的“You have made great progress in English”，“英语进步很大”的原因是“你改
名演讲 50周年，通过这次演讲，我们知道他所说的对黑人意味着什么。分析句子可知，该空引导主语从 进了你的学习方法”，故应用 because来引导从句，意为“因为”，“This is because…”意为“这是因为……”，
句，空中的词在从句中作 said的宾语，指“他所说的话”，用连接代词 what。故填 what。 符合句意。故填 because。
21. that考查表语从句。句意：浙江的高考新计划是考生必须参加语文、数学、英语和他们喜欢的其他三 34. that考查表语从句连接词。句意：尽管有一些墓穴没有受到什么破坏，但事实是，这些墓穴都受到了至
科的考试。设空处引导表语从句，从句中不缺成分且句意完整，所以应用 that连接。故填 that。 少几个世纪以来的雨水、战争、火灾和盗窃的侵害。分析句子结构可知，the truth is 后连接一个表语从句，
22. that考查宾语从句。句意：我们从对香烟的调查中得知，产品包装和广告上的警告信息会影响潜在危 从句中不缺少成分且句意也完整，因此表语从句用连接词 that 引导。故填 that 。
险产品的消费。引导宾语从句，从句结构完整，不缺少成分也不缺少意义，故填 that。 35. what考查宾语从句。句意：有些孩子想通过学习不同于父母在家里说的语言来挑战自己。分析句子可
23. when考查主语从句。句意：土豆被引进欧洲的确切时间不确定，但是许多人认为可能是 1565年左右。 知，句子为宾语从句，空格处单词引导从句，作 from的宾语，从句中缺少宾语，且指物，没有选择范围，
Exactly ______ the potato was introduced into Europe是主语从句；根据句意，此处应用 when引导主语从句， 故应用 what引导从句。故填 what。
在从句中作时间状语。故填 when。 36. what考查宾语从句。句意：为了去除不需要的物质，可以从植物或动物的 DNA中提取物质。此处为连
24. what考查表语从句。句意：有一个积极的态度并且充分利用这种新型的竞争带给我们的优势是真正重 接词引导宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，结合句意表示“不需要的物质”应用 what。故填 what。
要的事情。are后缺少表语，设空处引导表语从句，从句中缺少指物的主语，故用 what引导表语从句。故 37. how考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：一个喜剧演员可能会讲不同的笑话，这取决于观众对他或她之前
填 what。 的笑话做出如何的反应。设空处在句中引导宾语从句，并在句中作方式状语。故答案为 how。
25. how考查宾语从句。句意：在日常生活中，永远别让任何失败使你灰心丧气，因为你永远不知道你离 38. Whether考查主语从句。句意：是否能够最有效地满足潜在客户的需求应当是你业务的关注重点。引导
胜利可能有多近。tell 后接了一个宾语从句，且根据句意和句子结构可知空处修饰形容词 close。应用 how， 主语从句，从句不缺成分，位于句首，且表示“是否”应用 whether，首字母大写。故填Whether。
意为“多么”。故填 how。 39. that考查同位语从句。句意：组织者们相信每个参与者都为节日的成功做出了贡献。belief后接同位语
26. that考查固定句型。句意：事实证明，这是掌握语法的正确方法。It is comfirmed that...意为“据证实”， 从句，解释说明 belief的内容，同位语从句中不缺少成分和意义，应用 that引导。故填 that。
为固定句型，故填 that。 40. that考查主语从句。句意：当我看到我们收集到的各种物资时，我突然想到，我们那天要做的每一件装
27. why考查表语从句。句意：他得了一种罕见而严重的疾病，这就是他没能出席你上个月举办的聚会的 备最终都会到一个伊拉克孩子手中。结合“it hit me”可知，此处用固定句型 it hits sb. that…表示“某人突然想
原因。此处为表语从句，从句中缺少原因状语，故应用 why引导。that is why...表示“这就是……的原因”。 到 ”，it为形式主语，that引导的名词性从句作真正的主语。故填 that。
故填 why。
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