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Unit 6 Crossing Cultures 单词讲解表 (人教版八下)
单词 / 音标 / 词义 核心搭配 重点考点 经典例句 (源自课本)
shake
/ e k/
v. 摇动；抖动；(与某人)握手 shake hands (with sb) 握手 1. 不规则变化：shook (过去式), shaken (过去分词) 。
2. 语境：西方常见问候方式。 We usually just say "hello" or shake hands in the US.
bow
/ba /
v. & n. 鞠躬 take a bow 谢幕鞠躬 1. 词义：作名词指“弓”时读 /b /，作“鞠躬”读 /ba /。
2. 文化：东亚国家常见礼仪。 In Japan, we bow as soon as we meet a teacher.
bump
/b mp/
v. 碰；撞 bump fists 碰拳
bump into sb 偶遇某人 1. 搭配：bump fists 是非正式问候方式 。 (Match the greetings with the pictures) ... bump fists.
fist
/f st/
n. 拳头 make a fist 握拳 1. 搭配：bump fists (碰拳)。 (Visual vocabulary: picture of fist bumping).
rub
/r b/
v. 摩擦；揉 rub noses 碰鼻礼 1. 双写规则：rubbed, rubbing。
2. 文化：毛利人等文化的问候方式。 (Match the greetings...) rub noses.
kiss
/k s/
v. & n. 亲吻 kiss sb on the cheek 亲吻脸颊 1. 复数：kisses；第三人称单数：kisses。 We kiss friends on the cheek to say hello!
cheek
/t i k/
n. 脸颊 on the cheek 在脸颊上 1. 习语：cheek to cheek (脸贴脸)。 Do you kiss others on the cheek
hug
/h ɡ/
v. & n. 拥抱 give sb a hug 给某人一个拥抱 1. 变形：hugged, hugging (双写g)。 We hug sometimes, but we don't usually kiss to say hello.
embarrassed
/ m b r st/
adj. 尴尬的；因惑的 be/feel embarrassed 感到尴尬 1. 辨析：-ed 结尾修饰人(感到...)；-ing 结尾(embarrassing)修饰事(令人...)。 It's embarrassing! In Korean culture, we don't usually kiss people...
Don't look so embarrassed!
confused
/k n fju zd/
adj. 困惑的 be confused about 对...感到困惑 1. 词根：confuse (v. 使困惑)。
2. 辨析：confusing (令人困惑的)。 I found them confused / confusing. (Exercise)
formal
/ f ml/
adj. 正式的 formal clothes 正装 1. 反义词：informal (非正式的)。
2. 派生：formally (adv.)。 That's so formal that we don't do it these days.
curry
/ k ri/
n. 咖喱菜 chicken curry 咖喱鸡 1. 不可数/可数：指菜肴类型时可数。 People in India often eat a lot of curry.
rude
/ru d/
adj. 粗鲁的 It is rude to do sth 做某事是粗鲁的 1. 反义词：polite (礼貌的)。 Sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is very rude.
uncommon
/ n k m n/
adj. 罕见的；不寻常的 it is not uncommon to... ...并不罕见 1. 前缀：un- 表否定。
2. 同义词：unusual。 (Vocabulary list item)
palm
/pɑ m/
n. 手掌 press palms together 合掌 1. 发音：l 不发音。 They press their palms together, bow, and say, "Namaste".
namaste
interj. 有礼了(印度合十时口所念之词) say "Namaste" 1. 文化词汇：印度问候语。 They press their palms together... and say, "Namaste".
fork
/f k/
n. 叉子 knife and fork 刀叉 1. 搭配：通常说 knife and fork (注意顺序)。 Second, you should only use your right hand to eat. With my knife and fork
Indian
/ ndi n/
adj. & n. 印度的；印度人 Indian food 印度食物 1. 专有名词首字母大写。 A conversation about Indian customs.
manner
/ m n (r)/
n. (pl.) 礼仪；方式 table manners 餐桌礼仪
good manners 有礼貌 1. 注意：作“礼貌、习俗”解时通常用复数 manners。 But English table manners are so confusing to me.
so ... that
phrase 如此...以至于 so + adj./adv. + that clause 1. 句型：so 后接形容词/副词，that 引导结果状语从句。
2. 区别：so that (为了/所以)。 That's so formal that we don't do it these days.
confusing
/k n fju z /
adj. 令人困惑的；难以理解的 find sth confusing 觉得某事令人困惑 1. 主语通常是物/事。
2. 对应词：confused (人感到困惑的)。 But English table manners are so confusing to me.
unless
/ n les/
conj. 除非；如果不 = if ... not 1. 引导条件状语从句。
2. 句中常含否定意义。 Don't bring food unless the host asks you to.
proper
/ pr p (r)/
adj. 恰当的；正确的 the proper way 正确的方法 1. 副词：properly (适当地)。 Could you tell me the proper way to use a knife and fork too
sit up
phrase 坐直 sit up straight 坐直 1. 动作短语。 Sit up straight.
keep ... off
phrase 使...不碰到；使避开 keep elbows off the table 1. 搭配：keep off sth. Keep your elbows off the table.
elbow
/ elb /
n. 手肘 elbows off the table 手肘不离桌 1. 餐桌礼仪常用词。 Keep your elbows off the table.
serving
/ s v /
adj. 分菜用的；服务的 serving chopsticks 公筷 1. 动词：serve (服务；上菜)。 Use serving chopsticks and spoons to take food.
chopstick
/ t pst k/
n. 筷子 a pair of chopsticks 一双筷子 1. 通常用复数 chopsticks。 Sticking chopsticks into a bowl of rice is very rude.
serving chopsticks
n. 公筷 use serving chopsticks 1. 中国餐桌礼仪特有词汇。 Use serving chopsticks ... to take food from shared dishes.
embarrassing
/ m b r s /
adj. 使人难堪的 an embarrassing experience 一次尴尬的经历 1. 主语通常是事物。
2. 对应词：embarrassed (人感到尴尬)。 But it is embarrassing!
be/get used to
phrase 习惯于 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事 1. 考点：后接名词或动名词(v-ing)，不接动词原形。
2. 区别：used to do (过去常常做)。 But once I was used to it, I became more curious.
cultural
/ k lt r l/
adj. 与文化有关的；文化的 cultural differences 文化差异 1. 名词：culture (文化)。 It's so interesting to discover cultural differences like this!
hear from
phrase 得到...消息；收到...来信 hear from sb 收到某人来信 1. 区别：hear of (听说)。 It's so great to hear from you.
custom
/ k st m/
n. 习俗 local customs 当地习俗 1. 复数：customs (也指“海关”)。 Compare two countries' customs.
occasion
/ ke n/
n. 场合；重大活动 dress for the occasion 根据场合着装 1. 拼写注意：双c，单s。 You should always try to dress for the occasion.
nicely
/ na sli/
adv. 漂亮地；令人愉快地 dress nicely 穿得体面 1. 形容词：nice。 It was surprising to see how nicely everyone was dressed.
blouse
/bla z/
n. (女式)衬衫或短上衣 wear a blouse 1. 特指女性上衣。 I was just wearing a simple blouse and shorts.
private
/ pra v t/
adj. 不喜欢谈论私事的；私人的 be private about... 对...保密 1. 反义词：public (公开的)。
2. 名词：privacy (隐私)。 Many French people are quite private.
whether
/ we (r)/
conj. 是否 whether ... or ... 是...还是... 1. 引导从句，常与 or 连用。 They don't like it when others ask... whether they are married.
married
/ m rid/
adj. 已婚的；婚姻的 get married 结婚
be married to sb 与某人结婚 1. 动词：marry。 Whether they are married, or how much money they make.
merci
french 谢谢(法语) say "merci" 1. 法语借词。 Even a simple "merci" goes a long way!
go a long way
phrase 帮助很大；作用很大 sth goes a long way 1. 习语，意为“很有用/很有效果”。 "Merci" goes a long way!
au revoir
french 再见(法语) say "au revoir" 1. 法语借词。 Au revoir! Nancy.
unsafe
/ n se f/
adj. 不安全的；危险的 = dangerous 1. 构词：un- (不) + safe (安全)。 (Word formation exercise) safe -> unsafe.
improper
/ m pr p (r)/
adj. 不合适的；不适当的 improper behavior 1. 构词：im- (不) + proper (适当)。 (Word formation exercise) proper -> improper.
informal
/ n f ml/
adj. 非正式的 informal dress / greeting 1. 构词：in- (不) + formal (正式)。 (Word formation exercise) formal -> informal.
jeans
/d i nz/
n. 牛仔裤 a pair of jeans 1. 复数名词。 It is improper to wear shorts, short skirts, or jeans to places like concert halls.
marry
/ m ri/
v. 结婚；娶；嫁 marry sb (直接接宾语) 1. 易错：不加 with。
2. 形式：get married (动作), be married (状态)。 James will marry Jennifer next month.
congratulate
/k n ɡr t ule t/
v. 祝贺 congratulate sb on sth 祝贺某人某事 1. 名词：congratulation。 I can't wait to congratulate them.
Asian
/ e n/
adj. & n. 亚洲的；亚洲人 Asian countries 1. 名词：Asia (亚洲)。 In many Asian countries, it is normal/manner for people to eat with chopsticks.
tradition
/tr d n/
n. 传统 rules and traditions 规则和传统 1. 形容词：traditional (传统的)。 There are many rules and traditions about how to use chopsticks.
firstly
/ f stli/
adv. 第一；首先 Firstly, ... 1. 序数词副词，用于列举。 Firstly, don't stick your chopsticks into food.
secondly
/ sek ndli/
adv. 第二；其次 Secondly, ... 1. 用于列举第二点。 Secondly, don't pull dishes close to you with your chopsticks.
thirdly
/ θ dli/
adv. 第三 Thirdly, ... 1. 用于列举第三点。 Thirdly, don't point at others with your chopsticks.
correctly
/k rektli/
adv. 正确地；得体地 hold chopsticks correctly 正确握筷 1. 形容词：correct (正确的)。 Hold your chopsticks correctly.
receive
/r si v/
v. 收到 receive an email 收到邮件 1. 辨析：accept (接受)。receive 仅表示“收到”这一动作。 (Label the parts) C. person receiving the email.[11]
sign-off
/ sa n f/
n. 结束写信 email sign-off 邮件结语 1. 邮件写作术语，如 "Best regards", "Cheers"。 (Label the parts) D. sign-off.[11]
main
/me n/
adj. 主要的 main text 正文 1. 搭配：main idea (大意)。 (Label the parts) E. main text.[11]
in one's forties
phrase 四十多岁 be in their forties 1. 表示年龄段，forty 变复数 forties。 Mr and Mrs Zhao are both in their forties.[11]
false
/f ls/
adj. 错误的；不真实的 false impression 错误印象
True or False 1. 反义词：true。 Give people the false impression that I'm a rude person.[11]
impression
/ m pre n/
n. 印象 first impression 第一印象
leave an impression on sb 给某人留下印象 1. 动词：impress (给...留下印象)。 First impressions are so important that I don't want to say or do anything wrong![11]
cheer
/t (r)/
n. 欢呼 v. 庆祝 cheers (干杯/谢谢) 1. 常用作复数 cheers。 Cheers, Tina.[11]
cheers
/t z/
interj. 再见；干杯 Say "Cheers" 1. 口语多义词：干杯；谢谢；再见。 Cheers, Tina. (Email sign-off)[11]

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