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(共23张PPT)
Discovering Useful Structures
Unit 3 Food and Culture
Learning Objectives
Master the basic structure and passive voice of the Past Perfect Tense.
Understand the core usage scenarios and time adverbials of the tense.
Apply the Past Perfect Tense correctly in sentences and conversations.
时
态
：表示一个动作所发生的时间
：表示这个动作在某个时刻进行到了何种状态
过去
现在
将来
一般
进行
完成
完成进行
Lead-in：
1. We had no idea how to order, so the chef just began filling our table with the best food we had ever eaten.
2. My only experience with Chinese cooking was in America, with Chinese food that had been changed to suit American tastes.
过去完成时 The Past Perfect Tense
过去完成时的被动态 The Past Perfect Passive Voice
What tense/voice is used Why
1. 过去完成时的定义
过去完成时表示过去某个时间之前已经发生的动作或一直延续的动作或状态。→“过去的过去”
Hong Kong had returned to China before Macao came back.
一般现在时
一般过去时
过去完成时
2. 过去完成时的结构构成
②否定句：
Hong Kong had not returned to China before Macao came back.
③一般疑问句：
Had Hong Kong returned to China before Macao came back
①肯定句：Hong Kong had returned to China before Macao came back.
肯定句：
Sb. had done sth.
否定句：
Sb. had not done sth.
一般疑问句：
Had sb. done sth？
④特殊疑问句：
Why had Hong Kong returned before Macao came back
特殊疑问句：
特殊疑问词+ 一般疑问句？
过去完成时的基本结构和语态
主动语态 被动语态
肯定形式 had done had been done
否定形式 had not done had not been done
一般疑问句 had＋主语＋done had＋主语＋been done
特殊疑问句 疑问词＋had＋主语＋done 疑问词＋had＋主语＋been done
3. 过去完成时的用法
e.g.He had learned 2,000 English words by the end of last year.
① 有时间状语before/by then,by the end of,by
that time,until then,by the time +过去时间点时。
e.g. I had hoped to go to your birthday party,but I was too busy.
② 动词hope,expect,think,intend,mean,want,suppose,plan等用过去完成时表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图。
注意： 表示在过去某一时间或动作以前完成了的动作, 即“过去的过去”。可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示。
before(连词/介词) + 过去的时间点 “在...之前”
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. 在上星期三之前，他们已经种了六百棵树。
by +过去的时间点 “到...为止”
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. 昨晚九点我已看完这本小说了。
注意：动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。
We had hoped that you would come,but you didn't. 我们本希望你来，但你没有来。
I had thought that you would become a doctor. 我本以为你会成为医生。
1. Kevin had been a newspaper reporter for two years before he became a businessman.
2. He said he ____________ (work) in that factory since 1949.
3. He had worked in the factory for 30 years before retiring.
退休前，他已在该工厂工作30年
（2）延续性动作或状态。过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，有时可能继续下去，常与for，since等引导的时间状语连用。
had worked
③用于过去完成时的句型
(1)在hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner...than “刚一...就...”句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。(否定词置于句首，主句需要部分倒装)
I _____ hardly _________(finish) my work when he came to see me.
No sooner had I walked in the door than they _______(arrive).
我刚到车站，火车就开了。(scarcely ... when ...)
I had scarcely reached the station when the train started. /
Scarcely had I reached the station when the train started.
arrived
had
finished
即学即练
③用于过去完成时的句型
(2)在It was the first/second/...time that...“这是第一/第二/……次……”中,that从句要用过去完成时. (若主句中的be动词为is, 从句中的谓语则用现在完成时.)
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
1. It was the first time she _________ (leave) her motherland.
2. It is the first time (that) I ___________ (speak) in public.
即学即练
had left
have spoken
1. It was the first time she _________ (leave) her motherland.
2. It is the first time (that) I _____________ (speak) in public.
3. This _____ (be) the first time I had seen Dad so furious (狂怒的).
4. It is time for us ________ (pack) up and leave.
had left
have spoken
was
（2）It / This / That was the first / second ... time (+ that) …
这是 / 那是某人第一 / 第二次 / 第……次做……
此句型中，若主语中的be动词为was, 从句中的谓语则用过去完成时；若主句中的be动词为is, 从句中的谓语则用现在完成时。
to pack
It is high / about time that we ______________ (do) something to stop pollution.
did / should do
It is high / about time that sb did / should do sth
是该做……的时候了 (should 不可省略)
③用于过去完成时的句型
(3)It was +一段时间+ since从句，从句谓语常用过去完成时。
It was two years since he had left his hometown.
1. Tom has eaten his supper.
2. Tom had eaten his supper in the canteen before he went
back home.
1. The family have not finished breakfast.
2. The family were still at table, but they had finished
breakfast.
现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响；
过去完成时强调过去的过去的动作对过去的影响。
Try to compare the following two sets of sentences.
对比分析，总结现完和过完的区别
1) The tickets ____________ (sell) out before I came to the cinema(电影).
2) By the end of last year, we _________________ (produce) 20,000 cars.
3) He _____________ (tell) many times not to be late by then.
4) We _______________ (warn) to be careful of rats(老鼠) several times till then(直到那时).
5) A power station ____________ (set) up建立 in their hometown by then.
had been sold
had produced
had been told
had been warned
had been set
即学即练
在那之前
6) The train _________ (leave) before we reached the station.
7) 100 tractors(拖拉机) __________________ (produce) by the end of last year.
8) When the police arrived, the thieves ________ (run) away.
9) She told us that the meeting ________________ (cancel取消).　
10) The car ______________ (drive) away this morning.
had left
had been produced
had run
had been canceled
had been driven
It ______________ (know) for a long time that Yellowstone was volcanic in nature — that’s what accounted for all its hot springs and other steamy features. (2019江苏)
A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who ________________ (trap) in the mountains for two days. (2018北京)
3. I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan _______________ (carry) out in the past two years. (2018江苏卷)
had been known
had been trapped
had been carried
Discovering Useful Structures
新人教选择性必修二
Thank You !

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