资源简介

(共22张PPT)
UNIT 5　
FIRST AID
Section Ⅱ Discovering Useful Structures
语法精练
夯基提能
●语法概览
●语法精讲
一、动词 ing形式的时态和语态、意义
语态 时态　　 主动式 被动式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
1.动词 ing形式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作几乎同时发生或发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；其完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
David insisted on running as if he had forgotten all his weaknesses，though he was tripped over within a few kilometers.
尽管大卫在几公里内被绊倒了，但是他坚持跑，好像他已经忘记了所有的弱点。
Having understood this，I took a deep breath and sat back into my seat, pretending I was really on a roller coaster.
明白了这一点后，我深吸一口气，坐回座位，假装自己真的坐在过山车上。
2．动词 ing形式的主动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的执行者，其被动式表示它的逻辑主语是动作的承受者。
Hearing my words, he nodded his head, looking reborn with being trusted．
听到我的话，他点了点头，看起来得到了信任，重获新生。
It felt amazing not having to hide away behind my scarf.
不用躲在我的围巾后面的感觉很神奇。
动词 ing 形式的否定式是在前面加not。
二、动词 ing形式的句法功能
1．动词 ing形式作主语
此时多表示一般或抽象的重复多次的行为。有时用it作形式主语，常见句型有：
It is a waste of time doing..., It is no use/useless/no good doing...
Listening well also requires total concentration upon someone else.
善于倾听也需要全神贯注于他人。
It is no use crying over spilt milk.
覆水难收。
动词 ing 形式短语作主语，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
2．动词 ing形式作宾语
(1)作动词的宾语
常接动词 ing形式作宾语的动词有avoid, miss, postpone, advise/suggest, finish, practise, enjoy, imagine, can't help, admit, deny, envy, escape, risk, excuse, stand, keep, mind等
But that's not a reason to avoid teaching what is important.
但这并不是避免教授重要内容的理由。
The moral of the original story is that a wicked person cannot escape being punished．
原著故事的寓意是，坏人无法逃脱惩罚。
有些动词(短语)既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语。如forget, stop, remember, regret, try, mean, can't help等。
(2)作动词短语的宾语
常接动词 ing形式作宾语的动词短语有：devote to, feel like, look forward to, insist on, think of, dream of, object to, be engaged in, depend on, aim at, set about, be/get used to, be fond of, be afraid of, be tired of, succeed in, be interested in等。
The only wonder is that so many states insist on closing their ears to the message.
唯一令人惊讶的是，如此多的州坚持对这一信息置若罔闻。
He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people.
他记录了自己的旅程，并开始将大自然作为一个品牌推广给年轻人。
(3)作介词(but, except除外)的宾语
It goes without saying that all students will benefit much from our favorite foreign teacher.
不用说，所有的学生都会从我们最喜欢的外教那里受益匪浅。
3．动词 ing形式作表语
动词 ing形式作表语，表示抽象概念的动作或者是主语的性质特征。
Seeing is believing．
眼见为实。
Your speech is very interesting and encouraging．
你的演讲很有趣而且很鼓舞人。
4．动词 ing形式作定语
动词 ing形式作前置定语，表示用途或性质。单个的动词 ing形式作前置定语往往有形容词的性质；动词 ing形式短语作后置定语，往往表示正在发生或与谓语动作同时发生的动作，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
There is a baby sleeping in the sleeping car.
有一个婴儿睡在卧铺车厢里。
There is a small river flowing through the village．
有一条小河流过村庄。
动词 ing形式作定语表主动或正在进行、动词 ed形式作定语表被动或完成、不定式作定语表示将要做。
5．动词 ing形式作状语
此时分词的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致，且分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。作状语时，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随情况等，并可以转换成相应的状语从句。
Seeing his figure disappearing into thick ever green forest, I felt relieved.
看到他的身影消失在茂密的常绿森林中，我感到如释重负。
Not knowing how to work out the difficult maths problem, he asked the teacher for help.
因为不知道如何解这道数学难题，他求助于老师。
有些惯用的动词 ing形式在句中可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，表明说话者的态度、观点等。常见的有：generally speaking, strictly speaking, frankly/honestly speaking, to tell the truth, to be honest, to make things worse, compared with/to等。
6．动词 ing形式作宾语补足语
(1)宾语往往是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语存在逻辑上的主谓关系，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作。
At that moment, I saw a brave butterfly flying in the sky.
那一刻，我看见一只勇敢的蝴蝶在天空中飞翔。
(2)能用动词 ing形式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)及with 复合结构：
表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词，常见的有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等；表示指使意义的使役动词，常见的有have, make, get, set, keep, leave等。
I felt somebody standing behind me.
我感觉有人站在我后面。
We kept the fire burning all night long.
我们让火整夜燃烧着。
语法精练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1. (see) her mom coming, the little girl smiled.
2．The flowers (smell) sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
3．The question (discuss) at the meeting now is very important.
4．I can see some kids (play) on the playground.
5. (not receive) any reply, he decided to write again.
Seeing
smelling
being discussed
playing
Not having received
6．Have you considered (make)contributions to your hometown after graduation
7．He didn't come today, (make) it necessary for us to find someone else to do his work.
8．He sent me an e mail, (expect) to get further information.
9．With the virus (spread) rapidly around the world，a large amount of medical equipment is in need.
10．The boy (scold) by the teacher lowered his head，tears of sadness streaming down his cheeks.
making
making
expecting
spreading
being scolded

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