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(共41张PPT)
定语从句总复习
Unit1
Cultural Heritage
There comes a time _______ the old must give way to the new.
Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics _____ were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage.
After listening to the scientists _____ had studied the problem, and citizens _____ lived near the dam,...
Temples...and then moved and put back together again in a place_______ they were safe from the water.
Not only had the countries found a path to the future ______ did not run over the relics of the past...
...by UNESCO, which runs a programme _____ prevent world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.
Read and fill in the blanks and check them.
when
that
who
who
where
that
that
Lead-in
第章
1
定语从句的定义
第章
2
关系代词和关系副词的用法
第章
3
介词+关系代词的用法
第章
4
非限制性定语从句
Contents
(=of which)
(=of whom)
定语从句
定义
结构
在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的句子, 作用相当于形容词
从句
先行词
关系词
关
系
词
关系
代词
关系
副词
指人
who(主语、宾语)，whom(宾语)，
that(主语、宾语), whose(定语)
where (地点状语)
when (时间状语)
why (原因状语)
Review
=介词 + which
类型
限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句(关系词前有,)
指物
that(主语、宾语)，which(主语、宾语)，whose(定语)
Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put together again in a place where they were safe from the water.
一个免被水淹的地方
关系副词引导的定语从句
The temples
The Nile
Observe and analyze P6
Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt's cultural heritage.
大坝流出的水可能会损坏一些寺庙，并摧毁很多作为埃及文化遗产重要组成部分的文物。
关系代词引导的定语从句
After listening to the scientists ①who had studied the problem and citizens② who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help.
①研究了这个问题的科学家
②住在大坝附近的民众
关系代词引导的定语从句
scientists
citizens
Observe and analyze
The spitit of the Aswan Dam is still alive today. Perhaps the best example is shown by the UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing.
联合国教科文组织，该组织实施了一项计划
非限制性定语从句
that
which
先行词是人\物---在从句中充当主\宾
先行词是物---在从句中充当主\宾
关系代词
He finally worked out the problem ______________ puzzled him for a
long time.
他最后解出了这个令他困惑很久的问题。
The fish (______________) we bought yesterday were not fresh.
我们昨天买的鱼不新鲜。
that\which
that\which
1.关系代词的用法之 that\which
作宾语可以省略
用 法 区 别
1. 当先行词是all, (a) little, (a) few, much, something, anything，everything, nothing,some等不定代词或者被all, any, much, few, little, no等词修饰时。
在下列情况下，关系词用that而不用which。
2. 当先行词有序数词、形容词最高级时。
3. 当先行词被the very/exact(确切的)/only/same/last 修饰时。
4. 当先行词前以who,which等疑问代词开头时。
5. 当先行词既有人，又有物时。
1.The terrible typhoon killed the people and cattle _______were in the fields.
2.The wind blew down the tallest tree ______ is in front of our school gate.
3.This is the very thing ______ I was looking for.
4.This is the second novel ______I have ever read.
5.There is nothing in the world ______can frighten me.
6.Who is the man _______is reading under the tree
that
that
that
that
that
that
区分that和which
He _________does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
不到长城非好汉。
This is the famous scientist (_____________) we visited last week.
这就是我们上周拜访的那位著名科学家。
关系
代词
2.关系代词的用法之 who\whom
who
whom
先行词是人---在从句中充当主\宾
先行词是人---在从句中充当宾
who
who/whom
Summary
作宾语可以省略
whose
as
先行词是人\物---在从句中定语
修饰句子-正如
关系代词
3. 关系代词的用法之 whose\as
They rushed over to help the man ____________ car broke down.
他们跑过去帮助那个汽车抛锚的人。
There is a mountain ______________ top is always covered with snow.
有一座山顶常年被雪覆盖的山。
_____everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history.
正如每个人都知道，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。
whose
whose
As
=of which(物)/whom (人)
关系代词whose的用法
1) A child ________ parents are dead is called an orphan. (孤儿)
2) They live in a house,___________ windows face south.
whose 在从句中作定语,修饰人或物，意为“……的”，
whose+名词可换作 the+名词+of whom/which
whose
whose
They live in a house,_____ ______ the windows face south.
They live in a house, the windows _____ ______ face south.
of which
of which
代词/名词/数词/形容词最高级/介词短语 + of + 关系代词
1.They lived in a tall building, in front of stood a big tree.
2.There are more than 50 students in my class, 26 of are girls.
3.His family members don’t like the second-hand car, the price of
is very high.
4.It is reported that two schools, both of are being built , will open next year.
5.When western people talk about the cities of China, the first of
comes to their minds is Beijing.
which
whom
which
which
which
Ａs的用法
关系代词as在非限制性定语从句中指代整件事，充当从句中的主语或者宾语，翻译为“正如”。
1. As is known to all, you have got 2 prizes in the sports meeting.
2. As we all know, Qian Xuesen is a famous scientist.
3. As is expected, he married Helen.
As引导限制性定语从句时，经常和the same, such, as一起搭配使用，共同构成一个固定词组。 as既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。不能省略。
She has the same book as you have.
I’ve never seen so clever a man as he is.
先行词 关系词 在从句中的成分
表时间 when=on/in/at /during which 状语
表地点 where=in/at which 表原因 why=for which 4. 关系副词 when、where、why引导的定语从句
Please leave the book at the place where it was.
July, when we can go home for a rest, is coming soon.
This is the reason why he cried.
in which
in which
for which
抽象地点名词+关系副词where
先行词是case(情况；案例), area(区域；领域), stage(阶段), point(地步), situation(形势；处境), atmosphere(氛围), condition(状态)等抽象地点名词时。
1. I’ve come to the point ______ I can’t stand him.
2. The country is in the situation ______a war will break out at any time.
国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
where
我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
where
This is the reason ___________________he went.
The reason _______________ he gave us was quite reasonable.
when, where, why 与 that, which 的区分
先行词在作状语时用when，where或why
先行词在作主语或宾语时，要用which或that
This is the place _______________we visited last year.
This is the place _____________ he works.
That was the time _________ he arrived.
Do you still remember the time _______________ we spent together
（which/that）
where
when
that/which
why/for which
that/which
+完整句子（主语+谓语动词）
需充当成分
Review of Attributive Clause：
关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句时, 关系副词也可用
“介词+关系代词(whom/which)”代替
whom
which
当先行词是物时，用介词 + which引导定语从句，例如：
This is a short story book from ______ I learned a lot.
Do you know the girl with ________ our teacher is talking
当先行词是人时，用介词 + whom 引导定语从句，例如：
介词选择的三原则：一先二动三意义。
一先：根据先行词的搭配习惯来确定。
二动：根据从句中谓语动词,形容词的搭配习惯来确定。
三意义：根据从句所表达的意义来确定。
Preposition + Relative Pronoun：
介词的选择 Ⅰ
(1)Yesterday we visited the West Lake ___________ Hangzhou is famous.
(2) He is the student___________we should learn.
1. 与从句中的谓语动词或形容词搭配
for which
from whom
Preposition + Relative Pronoun：
介词的选择 Ⅱ
I can’t remember the age _________ he won the prize.
I remember the days ____________I lived here.
I don’t like the way in which / that / 不填 he speaks.
2. 与先行词搭配
注意：way (方式)为先行词，且关系词在从句中作状语时，定语从句的引导词用in which或that或省略。
during which
at which
Preposition + Relative Pronoun：
介词的选择 Ⅲ
This is the pilot _________ my brother has worked for ten years.
This is the pilot ___________ my son was saved.
This is the pen _________ I wrote the letter to my friend.
The girl _________ we talked just now is our new monitor.
3. 看句意
看前看后看意思
with whom
by whom
with which
about whom
1. Beijing is the place _______________ I was born.
2. Is this the reason ______________ he refused our offer
3. I will never forget the day ______________ I first met you on the seashore.
4. This is the rock ___________ the boy fell down into the sea.
5. The film star ___________ we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow.
6. The West Lake _________ Hangzhou is known in the world will be more beautiful.
7. The subject ________ Xiao Wang is good is physics.
in which
for which
on
which
Fill in the blanks.
from which
about whom
for which
at which
8. The reason _________ he could not go there was that his grades was too low.
9. The professor __________ Mr. Smith shook hands yesterday has made new discoveries in science.
10. Could you tell me the day ________ you arrived
11. I will treasure the days ______________ I lived here.
with whom
on which
during which
for which
判断句子是否为定语从句
划出先行词
将先行词代入从句，看它在从句中所担任的成分
根据先行词在从句中所作成分，得出关系词
关系词的确定
1. That is the boy ______ mother is a famous musician.
3. The house __________ they built in 1987 was destroyed in the earthquake.
2. We don’t know the number of people ________ lost their homes in the 1906 earthquake.
that / who
(which /that)
whose
4. I’ll never forget the day _____ (=___ which ) I was born.
5. I visited the house _____ (=__ which) Lu Xun once lived.
6. The reason _____(=___ which) he got worried was this.
when
on
where
in
why
for
2
3
1
区分限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句: 与主句之间无逗号隔开；
非限制性定语从句: 与主句之间有逗号隔开。
限制性定语从句: 可以修饰名词或代词；
非限制性定语从句: 可以修饰名词或代词, 也可以修饰整个句子,
限制性定语从句: 关系代词作宾语时可以省略；
非限制性定语从句: 所有关系词都不可省略。不可使用that，why (应使用for which）
用 法 区 别
在下列情况下，关系代词只能用which。
1. 介词前置时，关系代词只能用which
2. 引导非限制性定语从句,紧跟着逗号，修饰某物或整个句子时，只能用which
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than I had expected.
As everyone knows, China is a country with a long history.
She is a great hero, as is described in the report.
He invited me to dinner, which made me very happy.
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.
as和which引导非限制性定语从句时的位置不同:
as引导的定语从句可置于___________________，而which引导的非限制性定语从句不可放在_______________________________。
(2) as引导的定语从句有“______________的意思，而which指“_________”
句首、句中
句首，只能放在句中
正如…….
这…….
as 和 which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
as 常见搭配
as we know
as you know
as is expected
as we expected
as has been mentioned above
as is reported / said
as a famous saying goes
as is pointed out
as you can see = as can be seen
as is often the case
众所周知
正如你所知道的那样
正如所预料的那样
正如我们所期待的
正如上面所提到的
正如报道/所说的那样
正如一句谚语所说
正如指出的
正如你所看见的
情况通常如此
①正如大家所看到的那样，她工作一直很努力。
She is always working hard，____ everyone can see.
②这本书很有教育意义，是我昨天买的。
The book，______ I bought yesterday, is very instructive.
③她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。
______ everyone can see, she is honest.
= She is honest，_______ everyone can see.
④众所周知，吸烟有害健康。
______ we all know，smoking is harmful to one's health.
⑤汤姆突然病倒了，这让我们很伤心。
Tom suddenly fell ill，_______ made us very sad.
as
which
As
as
As
which
(2)We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true.
(3)Their child is at the stage ________ she can say individual words but not full sentences.
(4) Do you know the man ______ spoke at the meeting just now
(5) The train ____________ has just left is for Shenzhen.
when
where
who
which/that
(1)I grew up in a small village ________everybody knew me.
where
Exercise
用正确的关系代词或关系副词补全句子。
(6) One afternoon ________ I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground.
(7) The little problems __________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
(8) The reason ______he resigned was that he didn’t get on well with the boss.
when
that/which
why
(9)I visited the village ________many children couldn’t go to school because of poverty.
我参观了因为贫困很多孩子不能上学的村庄。
(10)I visited the village _____________is famous for its beautiful scenery.
我参观了因美丽的景色而闻名的村庄。
where
which/that
11．The number of smokers，___________ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
12．My friend showed me around the town, ___________ was very kind of him.
13．We live in an age ________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before.
14．Sales director is a position ___________ communication ability is just as important as sales.
15．—What about the meal at the dinner party yesterday, Bob
—Oh, it was the best one ___________ I had ever had.
as
which
when
where
(that)
16.It is the third time that she has won the race, ___________ has surprised us all.
17.After the flooding, people were suffering in that area，___________ urgently needed clean water，medicine and shelter to survive.
18.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ________ the audience can buy ice cream.
19.A lot of language learning, ____ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
which
who
when
as
20. The house ________I grew up has been taken down and replaced by an office building.
21. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ________ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business.
22. I refuse to accept the blame for something ________was someone else’s fault.
23. Women _____ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ______ don’t.
24.The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of ________left their village homes for a better life in the city.
25. We shouldn’t spend our money testing so many people, most of________are healthy.
where
which
that
who
whom
whom
who
1. He showed me a photo in his room. It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.
The photo ____________________________________________________________.
2. The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania. It was fomed by members from fifteen countries.
The project team ____________________________________________________________.
3. This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty.
The time ____________________________________________________________.
Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses. P6
which he showed me was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt.
which helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania was formed by members from fifteen countries.
when this temple was first built was during the Qin Dynasty.
4. We met a professional archaeclogist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure.
The prolesslonal archaeologist ____________________________________________
5. The documents about the cutural relics from overseas are under the desk .I found them yesterday.
The place_____________________________________________________________
6. Scientsts worked togther day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation.
The reason ______________________________________________________________
we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid explained the process of building such a difficult structure to us.
where I found the documents about the cultural relics from overseas is under the desk.
why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple was that they wanted to preseve it for the next generation.
Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses
Thanks!

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